scholarly journals Three-dimensional Capsular Volume Measurements in Multidirectional Shoulder Instability

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Yong Cheol Jun ◽  
Young Lae Moon ◽  
Moustafa I Elsayed ◽  
Jae Hwan Lim ◽  
Dong Hyuk Cha
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Glenoid Surface ◽  
3D Software

BACKGROUND: In a previous study undertaken to quantify capsular volume in rotator cuff interval or axillary pouch, significant differences were found between controls and patients with instability. However, the results obtained were derived from two-dimensional cross sectional areas. In our study, we sought correlation between three-dimensional (3D) capsular volumes, as measured by magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA), and multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder.METHODS: The MRAs of 21 patients with MDI of the shoulder and 16 control cases with no instability were retrospectively reviewed. Capsular areas determined by MRA were translated into 3D volumes using 3D software Mimics ver. 16 (Materilise, Leuven, Belgium), and glenoid surface area was measured in axial and coronal MRA views. Then, the ratio between capsular volume and glenoid surface area was calculated, and evaluated with control group.RESULTS: The ratio between 3D capsular volume and glenoid surface area was significantly increased in the MDI group (3.59 ± 0.83 cm³/cm²) compared to the control group (2.53 ± 0.62 cm³/cm²) (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS: From these results, we could support that capsular volume enlargement play an important role in MDI of the shoulder using volume measurement.

scholarly journals Accuracy Verification of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technology for Lower-Limb Prosthetic Research: Utilising Animal Soft Tissue Specimen and Common Socket Casting Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Safari ◽  
Philip Rowe ◽  
Arjan Buis
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prosthetic Socket ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
Segmented Images ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Volume Measurements

Lower limb prosthetic socket shape and volume consistency can be quantified using MRI technology. Additionally, MRI images of the residual limb could be used as an input data for CAD-CAM technology and finite element studies. However, the accuracy of MRI when socket casting materials are used has to be defined. A number of six, 46 mm thick, cross-sections of an animal leg were used. Three specimens were wrapped with Plaster of Paris (POP) and the other three with commercially available silicone interface liner. Data was obtained by utilising MRI technology and then the segmented images compared to corresponding calliper measurement, photographic imaging, and water suspension techniques. The MRI measurement results were strongly correlated with actual diameter, surface area, and volume measurements. The results show that the selected scanning parameters and the semiautomatic segmentation method are adequate enough, considering the limit of clinical meaningful shape and volume fluctuation, for residual limb volume and the cross-sectional surface area measurements.

Aortic elongation part II: the risk of acute type A aortic dissection

Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (21) ◽  
pp. 1778-1782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Heuts ◽  
Bouke P Adriaans ◽  
Suzanne Gerretsen ◽  
Ehsan Natour ◽  
Rein Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Type A ◽  
Prophylactic Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type A Aortic Dissection

ObjectivesProphylactic surgery for prevention of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is reserved for patients with an ascending aortic aneurysm ≥55 mm. Identification of additional risk predictors is warranted since over 70% of patients presenting with ATAAD have a non-dilated aorta or an aneurysm that would not have met the diameter criterion for preventative surgery. Aim of the study was to evaluate ascending aortic elongation as a risk factor for ATAAD and to compare aortic lengths between ATAAD patients and healthy controls.MethodsAortic lengths and diameters of ATAAD patients were measured on three-dimensional modelled computed tomography and adjusted to predissection dimensions in this cross-sectional single-centre study. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relation between ATAAD and aortic dimensions. Lengths of different aortic segments were compared with a healthy control group using propensity score matching.ResultsTwo-hundred and fifty patients were included in the study (ATAAD, n=40; controls, n=210). Ascending aortic length and diameter proved to be independent predictors for ATAAD (OR=5.3, CI 2.5 to 11.4, p<0.001 and OR=8.6, CI 2.4 to 31.0, p=0.001). Eighty patients were matched based on propensity scores (ATAAD n=40, controls n=40). The ascending aorta was longer and more dilated in ATAAD patients compared with healthy controls (78.6±8.8 mm vs 68.9±7.2 mm, p<0.001, 34.4 mm ±3.2. vs 39.4 mm ±5.7, p<0.001, respectively). No differences were found in lengths of the aortic arch and descending aorta.ConclusionsAscending aortic length could serve as an independent predictor for ATAAD. Future studies addressing indications for prophylactic surgery should also investigate aortic length.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional molar enamel distribution and thickness in Australopithecus and Paranthropus

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J Olejniczak ◽  
T.M Smith ◽  
M.M Skinner ◽  
F.E Grine ◽  
R.N.M Feeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enamel Thickness ◽  
Australopithecus Africanus ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Dimensional Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Thick molar enamel is among the few diagnostic characters of hominins which are measurable in fossil specimens. Despite a long history of study and characterization of Paranthropus molars as relatively ‘hyper-thick’, only a few tooth fragments and controlled planes of section (designed to be proxies of whole-crown thickness) have been measured. Here, we measure molar enamel thickness in Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus using accurate microtomographic methods, recording the whole-crown distribution of enamel. Both taxa have relatively thick enamel, but are thinner than previously characterized based on two-dimensional measurements. Three-dimensional measurements show that P. robustus enamel is not hyper-thick, and A. africanus enamel is relatively thinner than that of recent humans. Interspecific differences in the whole-crown distribution of enamel thickness influence cross-sectional measurements such that enamel thickness is exaggerated in two-dimensional sections of A. africanus and P. robustus molars. As such, two-dimensional enamel thickness measurements in australopiths are not reliable proxies for the three-dimensional data they are meant to represent. The three-dimensional distribution of enamel thickness shows different patterns among species, and is more useful for the interpretation of functional adaptations than single summary measures of enamel thickness.

A Study of Wear Rate Estimation of Coatings by a Numerical Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sen Yang ◽  
Wesley Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Ball On Disc

The paper reported using a mathematical model that simulated the wear volume in comparison to measurement by a ball-on-disc for deposited CrN films on tool steel (JIS SKD11). Three dimensional profile instruments were used to measure the wear scar trace for variations of numerical data of two dimensional profiles. By using numerical algorithms, the wear volume measurements of wear profiles are to save considerable time and economical. A new mathematical method is issued for determining wear volumes in this study. The estimated results were precisely fitted as compared with other calculations for three dimensional estimations of wear volumes.

scholarly journals Comparative Three-Dimensional Morphology of Baleen: Cross-Sectional Profiles and Volume Measurements Using CT Images

2017 ◽  
Vol 300 (11) ◽  
pp. 1942-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Jensen ◽  
Amalia H. Saladrigas ◽  
Jeremy A. Goldbogen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volume Measurements

scholarly journals 314 Automated left atrial volume measurement by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiograpy. Feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_G) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ruxandra Florescu ◽  
Luigi Paolo Badano ◽  
Michele Tomaselli ◽  
Camilla Torlasco ◽  
Georgica Tartea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Automated Measurement ◽  
Maximal Volume ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Aims A by-product of left atrial (LA) strain analysis is the automated measurement of LA maximal volume (LAVmax), which may decrease the time of echocardiography reporting, and increase the reproducibility of the LAVmax measurement. However, the automated measurement of LAVmax by two-dimensional speckle-tracking analysis (2DSTE) has never been validated. Accordingly, we sought to: (i) assess the feasibility of automated LAVmax measurement by 2DSTE; (ii) compare the automated LAVmax by 2DSTE with conventional two-dimensional (2DE) biplane and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) measurements; and (iii) evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the three echocardiography techniques. Methods and results LAVmax (34–197 ml) were obtained from 198/210 (feasibility 94%) consecutive patients with various cardiac diseases (median age 67 years, 126 men) by 2DSTE, 2DE, and 3DE. 2DE and 2DSTE measurements resulted in similar LAVmax values (bias = 1.5 ml, limits of agreement, LOA ± 7.5 ml), and slightly underestimated 3DE LAVmax (biases = −5 ml, LOA ± 17 ml, and −6 ml, LOA ± 16 ml, respectively). LAVmax by 2DSTE and 2DE were strongly correlated to those obtained by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) (r = 0.946, and r = 0.935, respectively; P &lt; 0.001). However, LAVmax obtained by 2DSTE (bias = −9.5 ml, LOA ± 16 ml) and 2DE (bias = −8 ml, LOA ± 17 ml) were significantly smaller than those measured by CMR. Conversely, 3DE LAVmax were similar to CMR (bias = −2 ml, LOA ± 10 ml). Excellent intra- and inter-observer intraclass correlations were found for 3DE (0.995 and 0.995), 2DE (0.990 and 0.988), and 2DSTE (0.990 and 0.989). Conclusions Automated LAVmax measurement by 2DSTE is highly feasible, highly reproducible, and provided similar values to conventional 2DE calculations in consecutive patients with a wide range of LAVmax.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional volumetric evaluation of the different mandibular segments using CBCT in patients affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cavagnetto ◽  
Andrea Abate ◽  
Alberto Caprioglio ◽  
Paolo Cressoni ◽  
Cinzia Maspero
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Unaffected Side ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Affected Side ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background There is currently no information on how different mandibular segments are affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim of this paper is to assess volumetric differences of different mandibular segments in subjects with unilateral and bilateral JIA and to compare them with non-JIA control volumes. Materials and methods Forty subjects with unilateral TMJ involvement and 48 with bilateral TMJ involvement were selected for the case group and 45 subjects with no known rheumatic comorbidities for the control group. The mandible of each subject was divided according to a validated method into different paired volumes (hemimandible, condyle, ramus and hemibody). Results The ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference in all the groups for condylar and ramus volumes, and the pairwise comparison evidenced a statistically significant higher condylar and ramus volume in the control group (1444.47 mm3; 5715.44 mm3) than in the affected side in the unilateral JIA group (929.46 mm3; 4776.31 mm3) and the bilateral JIA group (1068.54 mm3; 5715.44 mm3). Moreover, there was also a higher condylar volume in the unaffected side in the unilateral JIA group (1419.39 mm3; 5566.24 mm3) than in the bilateral JIA group and the affected side in the unilateral JIA group. Conclusions The affected side of unilateral JIA patients showed statistically significant lower volumes in the hemimandible, in the condyle and in the ramus. The largest total mandibular volume was observed in the control group, followed by the unilateral JIA group and, lastly, by the bilateral JIA group.

scholarly journals Effect of NMDA Receptor Agonist and Antagonist on Spermatogonia Stem Cells Proliferation in 2- and 3- Dimensional Culture Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hessam Eskafi Noghani ◽  
Reza Asadpour ◽  
Adel Saberivand ◽  
Zohreh Mazaheri ◽  
Gholamreza Hamidian
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Proliferation Capacity

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of D-serine (DS) and Dizocilpine (MK-801or Mk) on the proliferation of SSCs in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. The SSCs of male NMRI mice were isolated by enzymatic digestion and cultured for two weeks. Then, the identity of SSCs was confirmed by anti-Plzf and anti-GFR-α1 antibodies via immunocytochemistry (ICC). The proliferation capacity of SSCs was evaluated by their culture on a layer of the decellularized testicular matrix (DTM) prepared from mouse testis, as well as two-dimensional (2D) with different mediums. After two weeks of the initiation of proliferation culture on 3D and 2D medium, the pre-meiotic at the mRNA and protein levels were evaluated via qRT-PCR and flow cytometry methods, respectively. The results showed that the proliferation rate of SSCs in three-dimensional culture with 50 mM glutamic acid and 20 mM D-serine was significantly different from other groups after 14 days treatment. mRNA expression levels of Plzf in 3D-cultures supplemented by 20 mM D-serine and 50 mM glutamic acid were considerably higher than the 3D control group (p<0.001). The flow cytometry analysis revealed that the amount of Plzf in the 2D-culture groups of SSCs with 20mM MK-801 was considerably lower compared to the 2D-culture control group (p<0.001). This study indicated that decellularized testicular matrix supplemented with D-serine and glutamic acid could be considered a promising vehicle to support cells and provide an appropriate niche for the proliferation of SSCs.

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