scholarly journals IMPACTS ON VEGETATION AFTER SELECTIVE CUTTING IN FOREST CONCESSION AREA IN THE SOUTHWESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1778
Author(s):  
Raquel Helena Felberg Jacobsen ◽  
Marta Silvana Volpato Sccoti ◽  
Suelen Thaina Silva Fagundes ◽  
João Fideles de Brito Junior ◽  
Scheila Cristina Biazatti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
Cutting Rate ◽  
One Year

The forest monitoring after exploration activities is an important tool for forest management, helping to plan the use of forest resources. This research aimed to evaluate the impacts on tree vegetation after one year of the end of forest harvesting in concession area in the Jamari National Forest, RO. The vegetation was evaluated before and after the exploitation in an Annual Production Unit (APU) with cutting rate of 14.14 m³ ha-1. In total, seven permanent plots of 0.5 ha were divided and randomly distributed, where all individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm were evaluated. Impact evaluation was based on two criteria, the diversity and structure of vegetation (phytosociological, parametric, diametric, and internal). There was a reduction of 2% in plant density and loss of two species. The volumetric supply decreased in the classes above 80 cm of DBH and the diametric structure maintained the largest supply of plants in the lower classes. The exploration activities collaborated in 3.57% to increase the mortality rate, besides causing slight and severe damages in 15 ind.ha-1. The quality of the stem was predominantly straight (82.36%). The damage observed is within the expected limits for areas with low cut rates and subjected to reduced impact exploration techniques. We suggest the continuous monitoring in the medium- and long- term in order to describe the patterns of regeneration and growth of species, mainly logging, projecting the future supply of cutting.Keywords: Management in natural forests; Forest dynamics; Forest concession.

Weeds and yields of spring cereals as influenced by stubble-cultivation and reduced doses of herbicides in five long-term trials

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. BOSTRÖM ◽  
M. HANSSON ◽  
H. FOGELFORS
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
One Year

The influence of herbicides at reduced rates and repeated stubble-cultivation on weeds and crop yields was estimated in five field trials with spring-sown cereals situated in the south of Sweden during the autumn of 1989 until the spring of 1997. Stubble-cultivation was accomplished during 1989–1996, while herbicides were applied at 0, 1/8, 1/4 or 1/2 of full dose during 1990–1996.In the spring of 1997, i.e. after 7 years without herbicide application, seedling densities 3 weeks after weed emergence were 68–340/m2 at three sites and 535–610/m2 at two sites when averaged over tillage treatments.Averaged over herbicide doses, stubble-cultivation reduced the plant density of annual broad- leaved weeds by 6–32% at three sites and increased the density by 25% at one site. At the remaining site, the density was not significantly influenced. Stubble-cultivation reduced the populations of two perennial and seven annual weed species, while one species was stimulated and nine species showed null, or inconsistent, responses. In the spring of 1997, i.e. one year after the last herbicide application, the densities of weed seedlings in 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2-doses were 34, 46 and 56% lower, respectively, than in the untreated controls.Stubble-cultivation increased crop yields at four sites by 200 kg/ha as a mean over herbicide doses. At these four sites, averaged over 1993–1995, herbicides increased yields in plots that were not stubble-cultivated by 7, 8 and 10% in the 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 of a full dose, respectively, relative to the untreated control. In 1996, herbicides increased yields at only two sites.It is concluded that a fruitful way for weed management with a low input of agrochemicals is to combine the use of herbicides at reduced rates with repeated stubble-cultivation.

Long-term effects of empathy training in surgery residents: a one year follow-up study

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Phillips ◽  
Aine Lorie ◽  
John Kelley ◽  
Stacy Gray ◽  
Helen Riess
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Empathy Training ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Booster Sessions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
One Year

Objectives: This study is a 1-year follow-up investigation of the retention of the knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired after empathy training.Methods: Eight otolaryngology residents completed 5 assessment measures before and after empathy training and at 1-year. They attended a 90-minute focus group assessing clinical usefulness of the training, attitudes and factors that affect empathy.Results: Qualitative analysis revealed a positive response to the training and application of skills to clinical practices. Quantitative analyses suggest improvement in empathy after training was maintained at 1-year follow-up (p = 0.05). Knowledge of the neurobiology and physiology of empathy remained significantly greater than before the training (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Qualitative data indicate that the training program was well-received and helpful and follow-up focus groups provided physicians with opportunities for self-reflection and support from peers. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that improvement in self-reported empathy and objective knowledge of the neurobiology of emotions persist at 1-year follow-up. Accordingly, we recommend that empathy training and follow-up booster sessions become a standard component of residency training.

Influence of Long-Term Exposure in the Concrete of FRP Rebars on Bond Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Andrey Benin ◽  
Sergey Semenov ◽  
Ekaterina Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
Bond Glass ◽  
Bond Characteristics

The current experimental research is devoted to comparison of bond glass fiber reinforced plastic with concrete before and after long-term (quarter year, half year and one year) exposure in the concrete on the air and in the water. The comparative analysis of experimental results was performed.

CFRP Strengthening and Long-Term Monitoring of an Old Metallic Roadway Bridge in Melbourne

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyas Ghafoori ◽  
Ardalan Hosseini ◽  
Riadh Al-Mahaidi ◽  
Xiao-Ling Zhao ◽  
Masoud Motavalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Tensile Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
One Year ◽  
Term Monitoring

<p>This study gives an overview on carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening and wireless sensor network (WSN) monitoring of a 121-year-old metallic roadway bridge in Melbourne, Australia. A flat prestressed unbonded retrofit (FPUR) system was developed to apply prestressed CFRP plates to the steel cross-girders of Diamond-Creek Bridge. The bridge is subjected to daily passenger and heavy truck vehicles. Sets of laboratory tests were performed to examine the efficiency and fatigue performance of the proposed FPUR system, prior to its installation on the bridge. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed retrofit technique, the bridge was instrumented with different types of sensors (including strain gauges, temperature and humidity sensors), and short- and long-term measurements were performed. As for short-term measurements, the bridge was loaded by a 42.5-tonne semi-trailer before and after strengthening. For the long-term monitoring, a WSN system was used to monitor the prestress level in the CFRP reinforcements for at least one year. The CFRP plates were prestressed up to about 980 MPa (38% of the CFRP ultimate strength), which resulted in about 50% reduction in the maximum tensile stress in the bottom flanges of the strengthened I-girders. The results of the short- and long-term measurements in this study showed that the proposed FPUR system can be very effective for flexural and fatigue strengthening of such bridge girders.</p>

scholarly journals Long-Term and Short-Term Effects of Hemodialysis on Liver Function Evaluated Using the Galactose Single-Point Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chou Hou ◽  
Wen-Chih Liu ◽  
Min-Tser Liao ◽  
Kuo-Cheng Lu ◽  
Lan Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Liver Blood Flow ◽  
Hepatic Clearance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Aim. The galactose single-point (GSP) test assesses functioning liver mass by measuring the galactose concentration in the blood 1 hour after its administration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on short-term and long-term liver function by use of GSP test.Methods. Seventy-four patients on maintenance HD (46 males and 28 females, 60.38 ± 11.86 years) with a mean time on HD of 60.77 ± 48.31 months were studied. The GSP values were compared in two groups: (1) before and after single session HD, and (2) after one year of maintenance HD.Results. Among the 74 HD patient, only the post-HD Cr levels and years on dialysis were significantly correlated with GSP values (r=0.280,P<0.05andr=-0.240,P<0.05, resp.). 14 of 74 patients were selected for GSP evaluation before and after a single HD session, and the hepatic clearance of galactose was similar (pre-HD 410 ± 254 g/mL, post-HD 439 ± 298 g/mL,P=0.49). GSP values decreased from 420.20 ± 175.26 g/mL to 383.40 ± 153.97 g/mL after 1 year maintenance HD in other 15 patients (mean difference: 19.00 ± 37.66 g/mL,P<0.05).Conclusions. Patients on maintenance HD for several years may experience improvement of their liver function. However, a single HD session does not affect liver function significantly as assessed by the GSP test. Since the metabolism of galactose is dependent on liver blood flow and hepatic functional mass, further studies are needed.

scholarly journals MECHANICAL BUD DAMAGE TO BRANCHED AND UNBRANCHED `BRADFORD' PEAR TREES DURING POST HARVEST HANDLING

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 703H-703
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jacyna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
One Year ◽  
Term Storage

Branched (B) and unbranched (UB) one-year-old `Bradford'/`OHFx97' trees were examined at intervals between preparation for bare root harvest and long term storage to determine the extent of mechanical bud damage caused by the various handling steps. After hand stripping of leaves, digging, transportation to the storage facility, and grading, and tying of bundles, there was a marked difference in the percentage of damaged buds between branched (26%) and unbranched (53%) trees. The B/UB live bud ratio before and after harvest was 1:0.45 and 1:0.26, respectively. This difference may have been due to a various morphological growth pattern which both types of trees had produced.

The Utilization of Medicines beyond Patent Expiration

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C Mansley ◽  
Steven M Teutsch ◽  
Dawn M White ◽  
Jamie D Busza ◽  
Steven S Geisel
Keyword(s):  
Patent Protection ◽  
Generic Competition ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Patent Expiration ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Utilization ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relative Utilization

BACKGROUND: The utilization of a medicine, both before and after patent expiration, is one of the key determinants of its long-run value to society, as consumer and producer surplus accumulate as utilization occurs. However, while utilization during the years of patent protection is followed fairly closely, usage after that is generally not, as multiple manufacturers are usually involved in the production and sale of generic alternatives. Since utilization beyond patent expiration is poorly understood, we selected a random sample of 60 drugs and assessed their long-term, post-patent use during the period of generic competition.METHODS: At five-year intervals beginning with the year generic competition began (YGCB), we estimated the U.S. utilization of each drug (including all generic and branded formulations) based on the number of prescriptions dispensed as projected by the National Prescription Audit™ (1964 to 2006) conducted by IMS™. These estimates were then compared to each medicine's baseline utilization, defined as the drug's usage during the last full year of patent protection – one year prior to the year generic competition began (YGCB-1). The absolute utilization levels were converted into relative utilization levels, whereby a measure of 1.0 indicates that utilization in that year was equal to utilization in the baseline year.RESULTS: Many drugs continued to be prescribed long after patent protection ended. Even after excluding one medicine that had unusually high utilization 15 to 30 years after generic competition began, relative utilization averaged between 0.64 and 0.99 for the 5-year intervals starting with YGCB+5 and ending with YGCB+30. This was true even though several of the medicines were available over-the-counter (OTC) during some of those years and we did not have data reflecting OTC utilization. After excluding those OTC years (to focus on medicines that had more complete data), relative utilization averaged between 0.88 and 1.15.CONCLUSION: Many medicines continue to be used far beyond their period of patent protection, somewhat countering the view that newer drugs quickly replace older ones. This extended, post-patent utilization can yield additional surplus for society that is over and above the surplus generated during the period of patent protection.

scholarly journals Stand-level windthrow patterns and long-term dynamics of surviving trees in natural secondary stands after a stand-replacing windthrow event

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Shibuya ◽  
Satoshi Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Initiation Stage

Abstract We examined typhoon windthrow patterns in stand-scale permanent plots within three natural forests and the long-term dynamics of surviving trees in two of these plots. The aim was to verify whether pre-disturbance composition and structure affected windthrow damage and stand recovery. The stands, which were in Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of Japan, differed in pre-disturbance composition (coniferous, mixed and broadleaved stands) and structure, and the basal area losses by the windthrow event were 81–93 per cent. Tree mortality was significantly related to tree size (diameter at breast height) and species. The windthrow patterns differed among the three stands; and, windthrow severity was affected by the pre-disturbance composition and structure. The mortality of trees that survived the windthrow event was ~60 per cent in the two plots. The surviving trees comprised a majority of the canopy layer in the secondary stands. The relative basal area of surviving trees decreased rapidly with increasing tree density in the stand initiation stage but differed between plots. Consequently, the pre-disturbance composition and structure influenced windthrow severity, stand recovery and secondary succession in the recovered stands.

scholarly journals Recovery of Posture Stability at Different Foot Placements in Patients Who Underwent Minimally Invasive Total Hip Arthroplasty: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ju Chang ◽  
Na-Ling Lin ◽  
Mel S. Lee ◽  
Jen-Suh Chern
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year

To understand the progression of recovery in postural stability and physical functioning after patients received the minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (MTHA), we monitor the pain level, functional capacity, and postural stability before and after operation within one year. In total of 23 subjects in our study, we found out that MTHA was effective in relieving pain in first 2 weeks and restoring the hip joint integrity, but the postural stability was influenced especially in tandem stand in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. The recovery of postural stability and functional capacity in one year duration fluctuated and no consistent improvement tendency was found. We suggested clinicians designing postsurgery rehabilitation program for consistent and progressive long-term recovery of postural stability and fall prevention to optimize surgical results and prevent undesired postoperative consequences.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document