scholarly journals ANÁLISE ESTRUTURAL E USO MÚLTIPLO DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM FLORESTAS MANEJADAS NO MÉDIO VALE DO RIO CURUÁ-UNA, PARÁ

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Diego Dos Santos Vieira ◽  
João Ricardo Vasconcellos Gama ◽  
Márcio Leles Romarco de Oliveira ◽  
Renato Bezerra Da Silva Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
M 12 ◽  
Unmanaged Forest ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar alterações florísticas e estruturais ocorridas em áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Pará, em decorrência das atividades de exploração de impacto reduzido. Para isso, foram utilizadas duas áreas de floresta não manejada (FNM1 e FNM2) e duas de floresta manejada (FM1 e FM2), explorada há quatro anos, com intensidade de corte de 30 m³.ha-1. Utilizou-se amostragem estratificada, com alocação de 24 parcelas de 28 x 350 m, sendo 12 na FM1 e 12 na FNM1, e 20 parcelas de 50 x 200 m, sendo nove na FM2 e 11 na FNM2, mensurando-se todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 10 cm. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com número diferente de repetições. No período de quatro anos após a exploração, ocorreram alterações não significativas na composição florística e abundância de indivíduos, no entanto os índices de Shannon calculados para as áreas diferiram significativamente. A espécie de maior valor de importância na FM1 e FNM1 foi Rinorea guianensis Aubl. e na FM2 e FNM2 foram Licania kunthiana Hook.f. e Richardella macrophylla (Lam.) Aubrév., respectivamente. Após quatro anos da colheita, foram identificadas diferenças significativas apenas no volume total e na dominância absoluta entre FM2 e FNM2.AbstractStructural analysis and multiple use of tree species in managed forest, Middle River Valley of Curuá-una, Pará. This research aimed to evaluate the floristic and structural changes in areas of dense rain forest in Pará, due to the reduced impact logging activities. Inorder to that, two areas of unmanaged forest were used (FNM1 and FNM2), and two of managed forest (FM1 and FM2), explored for four years with intensity of cut 30 m³.ha-1. A stratified sampling was used with allocation of 24 plots of 28 m x 350 m, 12 in the FM1and 12 in the FNM1, and 20 plots of 50 m x 200 m, 9 in the FM2 and 11 in the FNM2, we measured all individuals with DBH ≥ 10 cm. The lineation was completely randomized with different number of repetitions. In the period of four years after forest harvest, non-significant changes occurred in the floristic composition and abundance of individuals, however, the Shannon-Weaver indices calculated for the areas differed significantly. The species with the highest importance value in FM1 and FNM1 was Rinorea guianensis Aubl. and in FM2 and FNM2 were Licania kunthiana Hook.f. and Richardella macrophylla (Lam.) Aubrév., respectively. After four years of harvests, significant differences were found only in total volume and absolute dominance between FM2 and FNM2.Keywords: Phytosociology; Amazon; Forest management.

scholarly journals FOREST DYNAMICS IN THE EASTERN AMAZON WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAPOTACEAE SPECIES

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pequeno Reis ◽  
Pamella Carolline Marques dos Reis ◽  
Ademir Roberto Ruschel ◽  
José Natalino Macedo Silva ◽  
João Olegário Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging ◽  
Observation Period

AbstractSapotaceae species are among the most dominant tree species in the Amazon forest and are high valued timbers. This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) over a dense tropical rain forest with special reference to Sapotaceae species, to generate information helping decision making in forest management. In 1997, out of a 1050 ha forest area located in the municipality of Moju, State of Pará, Brazil, 200 ha were selected to be logged applying a logging intensity of 23 m3 ha-1 and RIL techniques. To monitor forest dynamics, 22 permanent sample plots (11 ha sampling area) were established and all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured in years 1995, 1998 and 2010. In the whole observation period, mortality and ingrowth of Sapotaceae species were, respectively, 1.5% year-1 and 1.0% year-1. Trees with full overhead light grew 0.39 cm year-1 and those completely shaded grew only 0.16 cm year-1. Mortality higher than ingrowth indicates that the population of Sapotaceae species still need a period longer than 13 years to recover equilibrium after RIL, despite showing increased diametric growth rates.ResumoDinâmica de uma floresta no leste da Amazônia com ênfase às espécies de Sapotaceae. As espécies de Sapotaceae estão entre as mais dominantes na floresta amazônica e possuem alto valor comercial. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da Exploração de Impacto Reduzido (EIR) sobre uma floresta ombrófila densa com ênfase às espécies de Sapotaceae para gerar informações que possam subsidiar decisões a serem tomadas sobre o manejo de florestas nativas. De uma área florestal de 1.050 ha, situada no município de Moju, PA, foram selecionados 200 ha para EIR com intensidade de 23 m3 ha-1 em 1997. O monitoramento florestal foi feito com 22 parcelas permanentes (11 ha), sendo medidas todas as árvores com DAP ≥ 10 cm, nos anos de 1995, 1998 e 2010. No período total (1995 a 2010) a mortalidade das espécies de Sapotaceae foi de 1,5% ano-1 e o ingresso de 1,0% ano-1. As árvores com copas totalmente expostas à luz tiveram o incremento de 0,39 cm ano-1 e aquelas totalmente cobertas o incremento foi de 0,16 cm ano-1. A mortalidade maior que o ingresso indica que as espécies de Sapotaceae necessitam de um período maior que 13 anos para recuperar o equilíbrio após a EIR, apesar do aumento no crescimento diamétrico.Palavras-chave: Impacto pós-colheita; mortalidade; manejo florestal.

scholarly journals Changes in the floristic composition of a Terra Firme rain forest In Brazilian Amazonia over an eight-year period In response to logging

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Olegário Pereira de CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Number Of Species

Changes in the floristic composition over an eight-year period in a logged area at the Tapajós National Forest in Brazilian Amazonia arc discussed. Two treatments of different intensities of logging were compared with an undisturbed (control) forest. Data were collected from permanent sample-plots. The effects of logging on floristic composition were stronger in the more heavily logged treatment. The number of species decreased immediately after logging, but started to increase before the fifth year after logging and was higher at the end of the study period than before logging. The more heavily logged plots responded more to disturbances, as judged by the increase in the number of species during the period after logging. This forest appears to recover its initial floristic composition after disturbance without intervention.

scholarly journals EFEITO DA EXPLORAÇÃO DE IMPACTO REDUZIDO EM ALGUMAS ESPÉCIES DE SAPOTACEAE NO LESTE DA AMAZÔNIA

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Pequeno Reis ◽  
José Natalino Macedo Silva ◽  
Pamella Carolline Marques Dos Reis ◽  
João Olegário Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
Waldenei Travassos de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Reduced Impact Logging

Avaliou-se o efeito da exploração de madeira, realizada em 1997, na estrutura e dinâmica de algumas espécies de Sapotaceae em uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa, no município de Moju, Pará (02º12’26”S e 48º48’14”W). De uma área de floresta de 1.050 ha, foram selecionados 200 hapara exploração seletiva de intensidade de 23 m3.ha-1. Nessa área, foram alocadas 22 parcelas permanentes de 0,5 ha, totalizando 11 ha amostrais, onde foram medidas todas as árvores com DAP ≥10 cm, nos anos de 1995 (antes da exploração), 1998 e 2010 (após exploração). Os parâmetros avaliados foram densidade (Da) e área basal (m2.ha-1). No período de 1995 a 2010, Sapotaceae apresentou uma redução significativa de 7,7% na densidade (p = 0,0147) e aumento na dominância em 1,4% (p = 0,7851). Nesse mesmo período, observou-se redução da densidade e dominância para Pouteria laurifolia (Gomes) Radlk. (66,7 e 50,6%), Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D. Dietr. (25 e 29,4%), Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) Eyma (20 e 11%), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. (16,4 e 17,7%) e Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl. (12,5 e 31,4%). A espécie com maior valor comercial, M. huberi, não mostrou recuperação nesse parâmetro, porém houve ingresso de três novas espécies na população de Sapotaceae estudada.AbstractEffect of reduced impact logging in some sapotaceae species in the eastern amazon. Effect of logging, held in 1997, on structure and dynamics of some Sapotaceae species were evaluated in a dense tropical rain forest located in the municipality of Moju, Pará (02º 12’ 26” S e 48º 48’ 14” W). Two hundred ha out of 1,050 ha forest area were selectively logged for timber (23 m3ha-1 logging intensity) in 1997.Twenty-two 0.5 ha permanent sample plots (11 ha sample) were established and all trees with dbh ≥ 10 cm were identified and measured for dbh in 1995 (before logging), 1998 and 2010 (after logging). Parameters evaluated were Density (De) and Basal area (G-m2 ha-1). Sapotaceae presented a significant reduction of 7.7% on tree density (p=0.0147), and an dominance increase of 1.4% (p=0.7851). In the same period, decreases in density and basal area were observed to Pouteria laurifolia (Gomes) Radlk. (66.7 and 50.6%), Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D. Dietr. (25 and 29.4%), Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) Eyma (20 and 11%), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) A. Chev. (16.4 and 17.7%) and Manilkara paraensis (Huber) Standl. (12.5 and 31.4%). The main commercial species M. Huberi did not recover its original density. On the other hand, three new species of the family were recorded in the focused period.Keywords: Forest management; Pouteria; Manilkara; Amazonian Forest.

scholarly journals Vascular epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest in the Sinos River basin, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: richness, floristic composition and community structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2 suppl) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Barbosa ◽  
DFP Becker ◽  
S Cunha ◽  
A Droste ◽  
JL Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes

<p>The Atlantic Forest, which has a vast epiphytic richness, is a priority area for preservation, listed as one of the five most important world hotspots. Vascular epiphyte richness, composition and community structure were studied in two fragments, one of the ombrophilous (29º43'42"S and 50º22'00"W) and the other of the seasonal (29º40'54"S and 51º06'56"W) forest, both belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome in the Sinos River basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In each fragment, 40 trees, divided into four ecological zones, were analyzed. In each zone, the occurrence of the species was recorded, and the importance value of each species was calculated according to the frequency of phorophytes and intervals, and cover scores. The Shannon index was calculated for the two communities. In the fragment of the ombrophilous forest (F1), 30 epiphytic species were recorded, and in the seasonal forest (F2), 25. The highest importance value was found for <italic>Microgramma squamulosa</italic> (Kaulf.) de la Sota in both fragments. The diversity indexes for F1 (H'=2.72) and F2 (H'=2.55) were similar and reflected the subtropical location of the areas. The decrease in mean richness in both fragments in zone 3 (internal crown) to zone 4 (external crown) may be associated with time and space availability for epiphyte occupation and microclimate variations. Exclusive species were found in the areas, which suggest that a greater number of preserved fragments may result in a greater number of preserved epiphytic species in the Sinos River basin.</p>

Wildlife, Fire and Future Climate

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Model Case ◽  
Ecosystem Studies ◽  
Climate Analysis ◽  
Wet Forests

The conservation of Earth's forest ecosystems is one of the great environmental challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. All of Earth's ecosystems now face the spectre of the accelerated greenhouse effect and rates of change in climatic regimes that have hitherto been unknown. In addition, multiple use forestry – where forests are managed to provide for both a supply of wood and the conservation of biodiversity – can change the floristic composition and vegetation structure of forests with significant implications for wildlife habitat. Wildlife, fire and future climate: a forest ecosystem analysis explores these themes through a landscape-wide study of refugia and future climate in the tall, wet forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. It represents a model case study for the kind of integrated investigation needed throughout the world in order to deal with the potential response of terrestrial ecological systems to global change. The analyses presented in this book represent one of the few ecosystem studies ever undertaken that has attempted such a complex synthesis of fire, wildlife, vegetation, and climate. Wildlife, fire and future climate: a forest ecosystem analysis is written by an experienced team of leading world experts in fire ecology, modelling, terrain and climate analysis, vegetation and wildlife habitat. Their collaboration on this book represents a unique and exemplary, multi-disciplinary venture.

Towards the Managed Forest: Going Places That We've Never Been

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Jack Ward Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Managed Forest ◽  
Renewable Resource Management

Keywords: Renewable Resource Management, Forest Management, Wildlife Management, Integration, Multiple Use.

Identification and characterization of floristic groups in dry forests relicts of a West Coast region of New Caledonia

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanguy Jaffré ◽  
Frédéric Rigault ◽  
Jérôme Munzinger
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Exact Relation ◽  
Humid Forest

We describe the floristic composition of dry forest relicts on the west coast of New Caledonia. Using multivariate techniques, four floristic groups were defined from 71 floristic samples. The large proportion of species with rain forest affinities in all floristic groups shows similarities with the ?dry? rainforest of Australia. The two more open and disturbed groups have the highest proportion of species associated with dry areas, the strongest level of endemism and more ?most threatened? species. The two more closed groups have the highest proportion of rain forest species, but are slightly less original and have fewer threatened species. This raises the question of the exact relation of the dry forest still present in the study area to mesic forest, which has not yet been studied separately from dense humid forest in New Caledonia. The influence of the local micro-climatic conditions on the distribution of floristic groups appears critical. A good knowledge of these conditions is necessary for a sound delimitation of new protected areas, and for the implementation of protective and restorative measures appropriate to each vegetation category.

The demography of a dominant Amazon liana species exhibits little environmental sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana de Campos Franci ◽  
Jens-Christian Svenning ◽  
Henrik Balslev ◽  
Fernando Roberto Martins ◽  
Jacob Nabe-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract:Despite its high plant diversity, the Amazon forest is dominated by a limited number of highly abundant, oligarchic tree and liana species. The high diversity can be related to specific habitat requirements in many of the less common species, but fewer studies have investigated the characteristics of the dominant species. To test how environmental variation may contribute to the success of dominant species we investigated whether the vital rates of the abundant liana Machaerium cuspidatum is sensitive to canopy height, topographic steepness, vegetation density, soil components and floristic composition across an Ecuadorian Amazon forest. The population was inventoried in 1998 and in 2009. Plants were divided into seedling-sized individuals, non-climbers and climbers. Out of 448 seedling-sized plants 421 died, 539 of 732 non-climbers died, and 107 of 198 climbers died. There was weak positive effect of dense understorey on the relative growth rate of climbers. The mortality of seedling-sized plants was higher in areas with intermediate slope, but for larger plants mortality was not related to environmental variation. The limited sensitivity of the vital rates to environmental gradients in the area suggests that ecological generalism contributes to the success of this dominant Amazonian liana.

scholarly journals Fitossociologia de manguezais em zonas urbanas: um estudo de caso em Aracaju, Sergipe

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Jose Paulo Santana ◽  
Eduardo Vinícius Da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Túlio Vinícius Paes Dantas ◽  
Myrna Friederichs Landim ◽  
Patrício Adriano da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Laguncularia Racemosa ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus ◽  
Avicennia Schaueriana

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a composição florística e a estrutura fitossociológica dos bosques de manguezais de áreas urbanas em Aracaju, estado de Sergipe, com diferentes tempos de regeneração e intensidades de impacto antrópico. Para o levantamento fitossociológico, foi adotado o método de parcelas múltiplas, sendo seis ou sete parcelas distribuídas equitativamente em dois transectos paralelos em quatro bosques de manguezais nos bairros 13 de julho, Porto Dantas, São Conrado e Mosqueiro. Destes, somente o bosque do Mosqueiro não apresentava tensores antrópicos contínuos como descarga de esgotos domésticos, retirada de madeira ou contribuição alóctone de sedimento. Para caracterizar a estrutura dos manguezais foram calculados os parâmetros densidade, frequência, dominância e o índice de valor de importância de cada espécie. Procedeu-se com a comparação estatística entre os bosques avaliados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis quanto a densidade geral e por espécie, diâmetro e altura geral dos indivíduos. Foram identificadas quatro espécies: Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia schaueriana, Rhizophora mangle e Conocarpus erectus, que apresentaram diferenças de abundância e dominância entre os bosques analisados. De maneira geral, L. racemosa foi à espécie mais abundante e dominante nos bosques mais impactados, porém no bosque do Mosqueiro, R. mangle foi a mais dominante. Não houve diferenças significativas na densidade, diâmetro e altura geral dos indivíduos, porém a densidade de A. schaueriana e R. mangle diferiu entre os bosques. Em relação à altura, os bosques da 13 de julho e São Conrado apresentaram os maiores valores, ainda que possuíssem o menor tempo de regeneração pós-distúrbios.Phytosociology of mangroves in urban areas: a case study in Aracaju city, Sergipe stateA B S T R A C TThe aim of this paper was to compare the floristic composition and the phytosociological structure of the mangrove forests in urban areas with different levels of regeneration and intensities of anthropic impact. The study was performed in the municipality of Aracaju, Sergipe state, Brazil Northeast. For the phytosociological survey, the multiple plots method was adopted; so six or seven plots were equally distributed in two parallel transects in four mangrove forests in the neighborhoods 13 de Julho, Porto Dantas, São Conrado and Mosqueiro. Of these, only the Mosqueiro mangrove did not have continuous anthropic tensors such as discharge of domestic sewage, removal of wood or allochthonous contribution of sediment. To characterize the structure of the mangroves, the parameters density, frequency, dominance and the importance value index for each species were calculated. Statistical comparison was made among the mangroves evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test between general density and by species, diameter and general height of individuals. Four species were identified: Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia schaueriana, Rhizophora mangle and Conocarpus erectus, which showed differences in abundance and dominance between the mangroves evaluated. In general, L. racemosa was the most abundant and dominant species in the most impacted mangrove, but in the Mosqueiro mangrove, R. mangle was more dominant. There were no significant differences in the density, diameter and general height of the individuals; however the density of A. schaueriana and R. mangle differed between mangroves. In relation to height, the forests of 13 de Julho and São Conrado presented the highest values, even though they had the shortest time of regeneration after disturbances.Keywords: ecotone, mangrove, forest structure, coastal zone, Brazil northeast.

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