scholarly journals LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION AND FIRE VULNERABILITY IN PRIMARY FOREST ADJACENT TO RECENT LAND CLEARINGS IN THE AMAZON ARC OF DEFORESTATION

FLORESTA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Alvarado ◽  
David V. Sandberg ◽  
Joao Andrade De Carvalho Jr. ◽  
Ralf Gielow ◽  
José Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Undisturbed Forest

Deforestación extensiva en el Amazonas ha creado una selva bastante fragmentada en regiones con tasas altas de deforestación y de uso del fuego para limpia y mantenimiento de terrenos. El bosque en la interfase con estas deforestaciones sufre cambios drásticos en microclima, vegetación y procesos ecológicos, los cuales son favorables para la combustión bajo las copas después de una sequía prolongada. Un incremento en el uso del fuego, aunado a una mayor área de bosque vulnerable a incendios es una amenaza para la integridad y sustentabilidad de selvas tropicales. Se presentan resultados de estudios conducidos en Mato Groso de 1997 al 2003 como parte de experimentos para estudiar combustión de biomasa, tasas de liberación de carbono y flamabilidad de selvas. Se monitorearon cambios en susceptibilidad a incendios en la interfase entre el bosque y áreas recientemente deforestadas durante la temporada de sequía, al final de la cual se desarrollaron quemas experimentales. Abstract Extensive deforestation in the Amazon has created a highly fragmented forest in regions with an extensive rate of land use conversion and use of fire for land clearing, agriculture and grassland maintenance. The forest on the interface with land clearings suffers drastic changes in micro weather, vegetation, and ecological processes. Those altered conditions are favorable to sustaining understory fires after a prolonged drought. An increasing amount of fire usage, coupled with large areas of forest vulnerable to fire creates a new threat to the integrity and sustainability of the tropical forests in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropical world. This paper presents the results of experimental burnings conducted from 1997 to 2003 in Mato Grosso. The study monitored the change in vulnerability of the interface between primary forest and recent deforested patches, monitored fire behavior and depth of fire penetration in the undisturbed forest on the edge of land clearing.

Understorey fire propagation and tree mortality on adjacent areas to an Amazonian deforestation fire

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Carvalho Jr ◽  
C. A. Gurgel Veras ◽  
E. C. Alvarado ◽  
D. V. Sandberg ◽  
S. J. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Fire Characteristics ◽  
Slash Burning

Fire characteristics in tropical ecosystems are poorly documented quantitatively in the literature. This paper describes an understorey fire propagating across the edges of a biomass burn of a cleared primary forest. The experiment was carried out in 2001 in the Amazon forest near Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as part of biomass burning experiments conducted in the same area since 1997. The vegetation of a 200 × 200-m2 forested area was clear-cut in early June and burned in late August. The understorey fire that escaped from the main burn was monitored across the four sides of the land clearing area. Flame-front spread varied between 0.14 and 0.35 m min–1. Maximum flame height was about 30 cm and typical flame depth was 10 to 15 cm. Tree mortality was investigated in 2003 in four areas adjacent to the biomass burning experiment. A total of 210 trees were counted in the four areas, 29.5% were dead as a consequence of the understorey fire that had occurred 2 years before. This fire-caused mortality is evidence of the synergistic effect between slash burning, tree mortality and future fire vulnerability on the forest–land clearing interfaces.

scholarly journals New records and geographic distribution of Grey Woolly Monkeys, Lagothrix cana (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates, Atelidae), in southern Brazilian Amazonia

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2007
Author(s):  
André V. Nunes ◽  
Vinicius S. Orsini
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
New Record ◽  
New Records ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Woolly Monkey ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Woolly Monkeys ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Southwestern Amazonia

We report a range extension of the Grey Woolly Monkey, Lagothrix cana, from southwestern Amazonia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lagothrix cana was seen in a forest fragment near the “arc of deforestation”. This new record shows the need for conservation of forests in the region to protect this endangered species.

Biomass and greenhouse-gas emissions from land-use change in Brazil's Amazonian “arc of deforestation”: The states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia

2009 ◽  
Vol 258 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Martin Fearnside ◽  
Ciro Abbud Righi ◽  
Paulo Maurício Lima de Alencastro Graça ◽  
Edwin W.H. Keizer ◽  
Carlos Clemente Cerri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation

scholarly journals Environmental integrity and damselfly species composition in Amazonian streams at the "arc of deforestation" region, Mato Grosso, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Schlemmer Brasil ◽  
Joana Darc Batista ◽  
Nubia França da Silva Giehl ◽  
Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão ◽  
Josias Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Stream Communities ◽  
Composition Methods ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Environmental Integrity ◽  
Different Levels

AIMS: Investigated how the loss of environmental integrity affects damselfly species composition in nine sites with different levels of environmental integrity in a Cerrado-Amazon transition region known as "arc of deforestation" in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. We also tested the influence of environmental variables on species composition. METHODS: We collected in transects of 100 m and used ordination (PCoA) and simple linear regression. RESULTS: Species composition was strongly influenced by the environmental quality of sites, and the best model to explain species composition included variables related to channel morphology. CONCLUSIONS: These results are connected to the environmental homogenization and loss of environmental integrity as a result of extensive agricultural practices which alter stream communities of dragonflies in this region.

scholarly journals MINERAL NUTRITION IN THE TREE Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Calophyllaceae)1

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Morandi ◽  
Simone Matias Reis ◽  
Beatriz Schwantes Marimon ◽  
Claudinei Oliveira-Santos ◽  
Edmar Almeida Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
State University ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Gallery Forests

ABSTRACT Riparian and gallery forests located at the “arc of deforestation” have been undergoing fast degradation. With the implementation of the new Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12,651 of 2012), these can be reduced further. Thus, new studies on seedling production for ecological restoration should be carried out using native species from the Amazon and Cerrado. The objective of the present study was to assess under which shading levels the seedlings of Calophyllum brasiliense, a tree species typical of humid environments, show the highest values of growth and nutrient use efficiency, aiming at using these seedlings for restoration. The study was carried out in a plant nursery of the State University of Mato Grosso in Nova Xavantina, Brazil. We assessed seedling growth in diameter, height, number of leaves, production of shoot and root dry mass, Dickson quality index (DQI), and efficiency in the internal use of nutrients (EIUN) in greenhouses at 0 (full sunlight), 30, 50, 70, and 90% shading. The treatments at 50 and 70% shading showed the best results. Ecologically, the species responds well under both gap conditions (50% shading) and canopy or closing gap conditions (70% shading). Our results showed that the ideal conditions to produce seedlings of this species with high EIUN are obtained in greenhouses with 70% shading.

scholarly journals Relationship between Land Property Security and Brazilian Amazon Deforestation in the Mato Grosso State during the Period 2013–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2085
Author(s):  
Daniella Tiemi Sasaki Okida ◽  
Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior ◽  
Osmar Luiz Ferreira de Carvalho ◽  
Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso Gomes ◽  
Renato Fontes Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Land Management System

This research examines the relations between forest decrease and legal property security in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The study area encompasses 133,090.4 km2 of the Amazonian biome, belonging to the Brazilian Legal Amazon, located at the arc of deforestation where agriculture and cattle ranching compete with the native vegetation cover. Cadastral monitoring and certification of productive land plots are Brazil’s public policies to implement to tackle these environmental challenges. In this context, we crossed the Land Management System (SIGEF) dataset launched in 2013 from the National Institute for Agrarian Reform and the Amazon Deforestation Monitoring Program (PRODES) dataset from the Brazilian National Institute of Space Research (INPE). The analysis considered the 2013–2018 period with public and private land plots and evaluated the differences in smallholders and large landowners’ deforesting behavior. The results demonstrate that the primacy of certified properties was in private land (94%), with a small portion of the public land (6%). Most properties have <80% forest coverage on certification, corresponding to 85% on private properties and 95% on public properties. This fact is important because environmental legislation in the Amazon region establishes a legal reserve of 80% in forest areas. The results show that the smaller the property, the greater the percentage of proportional deforestation in the certification. In the biennium, considering before and after certification, a proportion of 8% of private properties and 28% of public properties with vegetation cover had deforestation. The results demonstrate the tendency for smaller properties to deforest proportionally more than larger ones. The annual difference series in properties registered in 2015 demonstrates that the highest deforestation occurrence was in the year of certification in private properties and the subsequent year in public properties. The SIGEF system is relatively new, requiring more time to establish a consolidated trend. The combination of property rights and effective compliance with environmental legislation allows the conservation of the forest. However, it is essential to improve inspection. Land ownership inserts the owner into a system of rules to properly use natural resources, constituting a legal instrument to guide human action.

scholarly journals Integrating Environmental Variables by Multivariate Ordination enables the Reliable Estimation of Mineland Rehabilitation Status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Silvio Ramos ◽  
Cecílio Caldeira ◽  
Leonardo Trevelin ◽  
Rodolfo Jaffé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Multivariate Ordination ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rehabilitation Status

Despite the wide variety of variables commonly applied to measure different aspects of rehabilitation, the assessment and subsequent definition of indicators of environmental rehabilitation status are not simple tasks. The main challenges are comparing rehabilitated sites with target ecosystems as well as integrating individual environmental and eventually collinear variables into a single tractable measure of the state of a system before effective indicators that track rehabilitation may be modeled. For that, a consensus is lacking regarding which and how many variables need to be surveyed. Our approach considered ecological processes, vegetation structure, and community diversity from nonrehabilitated, rehabilitating and reference sites. We applied this approach to a curated set of 32 environmental variables retrieved from nonrevegetated, rehabilitating and reference sites associated with iron ore mines from the Urucum Massif, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. By integrating variables from a single attribute or the entire set of variables into a single estimation of rehabilitation status, the proposed multivariate approach is straightforward and able to adequately address collinearity among variables. The proposed approach allows for the identification of biases towards single variables, surveys or analyses, which is necessary to rank environmental variables regarding their importance to the assessment. Furthermore, we show that bootstrapping permitted the detection of the minimum number of environmental variables necessary to achieve reliable estimations of the rehabilitation status. Finally, we show that the proposed variable integration enables the definition of environmental indicators for more comprehensive monitoring of mineland rehabilitation. Thus, the proposed multivariate ordination represents a powerful tool to outline the benefits of rehabilitating sites for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services provided that sufficient environmental variables related to ecological processes, diversity and vegetation structure are gathered from nonrehabilitated, rehabilitating and reference study sites. By identifying deviations from predicted rehabilitation trajectories and providing assessments for environmental agencies, this proposed multivariate ordination increases the effectiveness of (mineland) rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Transpiration rates for several woody successional species and for a pasture in the upper Amazon basin in Venezuela

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (0) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Luvall ◽  
Christopher Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
The Village ◽  
Established Species

Evapotranspiration rates for a eight month old tropical pasture were estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation. Transpiration rates for several woody secondary successional species and stump sprous in the pasture and conucos (farm sites) were measured using the tritiated water technique.The stuty area was located near the village of San Carlos de Rio Negro (1° 56' N, 67° 03' W) in southern Venezuela, near the confluence of the Casiquiare and the Rio Guania wich forms the Rio Negro. The terrain was gently rolling with the areas between the small ridges supporting Amazon caatina forests on spodosols, and higher never flooded areas (tierra firma) supporting a mixed species forest.Results indicated that for a one month period, ET loss (0.46 cm/day) from the pasture, including soil and root mat evaporation, was about 0.43 cm/day less than estimated from the adjacent undisturbed forest (0.89 cm/day). Pan A evaporation for the same time period was 0.64 cm/day. Transpiration rates for seed established species were significantly less (0.38 cm/day) than for stump sprouts (1.09 cm/day) of the primary forest in the pasture.

scholarly journals Linking Greenspace Ecological Networks Optimization into Urban Expansion Planning: Insights from China’s Total Built Land Control Policy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Zhou Shen ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Shiqi Tian ◽  
Jiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Ecological Networks ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Land Transformation ◽  
Expansion Planning ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Land Control

Greenspace ecological networks (GENs) optimization is an effective way to prevent landscape fragmentation and promote ecological processes. Built land sprawl is an important factor affecting this optimization. However, few studies have specifically analyzed the encroachments caused by existing built land on GENs. Given the insights from China’s total built land control policy, this study proposed a new idea of linking GENs optimization into urban expansion planning through land transformation. This idea was implemented in the Su-Xi-Chang area and integrated a series of methods, emphasizing the importance of built land encroachments removal for restoring the connectivity and quality of GENs. We identified that the built land encroached on GENs. Furthermore, we proposed to transfer the scattered rural/industrial land, whose amount was set as the land quota for urban expansion planning. Four scenarios of urban expansion were simulated based on China’s land use policies/practices and assessed by landscape metrics. The land transformation happened between rural and urban land. The main findings indicated that more inclusive urban expansion planning with consideration of the GENs optimization can be obtained. This study has practical contributions regarding GENs optimization and urban expansion planning for policymakers and our ideas of land transformation provide a reference for similar studies.

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