Understorey fire propagation and tree mortality on adjacent areas to an Amazonian deforestation fire

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Carvalho Jr ◽  
C. A. Gurgel Veras ◽  
E. C. Alvarado ◽  
D. V. Sandberg ◽  
S. J. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Fire Characteristics ◽  
Slash Burning

Fire characteristics in tropical ecosystems are poorly documented quantitatively in the literature. This paper describes an understorey fire propagating across the edges of a biomass burn of a cleared primary forest. The experiment was carried out in 2001 in the Amazon forest near Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as part of biomass burning experiments conducted in the same area since 1997. The vegetation of a 200 × 200-m2 forested area was clear-cut in early June and burned in late August. The understorey fire that escaped from the main burn was monitored across the four sides of the land clearing area. Flame-front spread varied between 0.14 and 0.35 m min–1. Maximum flame height was about 30 cm and typical flame depth was 10 to 15 cm. Tree mortality was investigated in 2003 in four areas adjacent to the biomass burning experiment. A total of 210 trees were counted in the four areas, 29.5% were dead as a consequence of the understorey fire that had occurred 2 years before. This fire-caused mortality is evidence of the synergistic effect between slash burning, tree mortality and future fire vulnerability on the forest–land clearing interfaces.

scholarly journals LANDSCAPE FRAGMENTATION AND FIRE VULNERABILITY IN PRIMARY FOREST ADJACENT TO RECENT LAND CLEARINGS IN THE AMAZON ARC OF DEFORESTATION

FLORESTA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Alvarado ◽  
David V. Sandberg ◽  
Joao Andrade De Carvalho Jr. ◽  
Ralf Gielow ◽  
José Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Landscape Fragmentation ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Land Clearing ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Undisturbed Forest

Deforestación extensiva en el Amazonas ha creado una selva bastante fragmentada en regiones con tasas altas de deforestación y de uso del fuego para limpia y mantenimiento de terrenos. El bosque en la interfase con estas deforestaciones sufre cambios drásticos en microclima, vegetación y procesos ecológicos, los cuales son favorables para la combustión bajo las copas después de una sequía prolongada. Un incremento en el uso del fuego, aunado a una mayor área de bosque vulnerable a incendios es una amenaza para la integridad y sustentabilidad de selvas tropicales. Se presentan resultados de estudios conducidos en Mato Groso de 1997 al 2003 como parte de experimentos para estudiar combustión de biomasa, tasas de liberación de carbono y flamabilidad de selvas. Se monitorearon cambios en susceptibilidad a incendios en la interfase entre el bosque y áreas recientemente deforestadas durante la temporada de sequía, al final de la cual se desarrollaron quemas experimentales. Abstract Extensive deforestation in the Amazon has created a highly fragmented forest in regions with an extensive rate of land use conversion and use of fire for land clearing, agriculture and grassland maintenance. The forest on the interface with land clearings suffers drastic changes in micro weather, vegetation, and ecological processes. Those altered conditions are favorable to sustaining understory fires after a prolonged drought. An increasing amount of fire usage, coupled with large areas of forest vulnerable to fire creates a new threat to the integrity and sustainability of the tropical forests in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropical world. This paper presents the results of experimental burnings conducted from 1997 to 2003 in Mato Grosso. The study monitored the change in vulnerability of the interface between primary forest and recent deforested patches, monitored fire behavior and depth of fire penetration in the undisturbed forest on the edge of land clearing.

scholarly journals ALTERAÇÃO NA COBERTURA FLORESTAL DA REGIÃO NOROESTE DA AMAZÔNIA MATOGROSSENSE

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Luani Rosa de Oliveira Piva ◽  
Rorai Pereira Martins Neto
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Landsat 8 Oli ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Past ◽  
Landsat 5 Tm

Nos últimos anos, a intensificação das atividades antrópicas modificadoras da cobertura vegetal do solo em território brasileiro vem ocorrendo em larga escala. Para fins de monitoramento das alterações da cobertura florestal, as técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto da vegetação são ferramentas imprescindíveis, principalmente em áreas extensas e de difícil acesso, como é o caso da Amazônia brasileira. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com este trabalho identificar as mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo no período de 20 anos nos municípios de Aripuanã e Rondolândia, Noroeste do Mato Grosso, visando quantificar as áreas efetivas que sofreram alterações. Para tal, foram utilizadas técnicas de classificação digital de imagens Landsat 5 TM e Landsat 8 OLI em três diferentes datas (1995, 2005 e 2015) e, posteriormente, realizada a detecção de mudanças para o uso e cobertura do solo. A classificação digital apresentou resultados excelentes, com índice Kappa acima de 0,80 para os mapas gerados, indicando ser uma ferramenta potencial para o uso e cobertura do solo. Os resultados denotaram uma conversão de áreas florestais principalmente para atividades antrópicas agrícolas, na ordem de 472 km², o que representa uma perda de 1,3% de superfície de floresta amazônica na região de estudo.Palavras-chave: conversão de áreas florestais; uso e cobertura do solo; classificação digital; análise multitemporal. CHANGE IN FOREST COVER OF THE NORTHWEST REGION OF AMAZON IN MATO GROSSO STATE ABSTRACT: In the past few years, the intensification of anthropic activities that modify the soil-vegetation cover in Brazil’s land has been occurring on a large scale. To monitor the forest cover changes, the techniques of Remote Sensing of vegetation are essential tools, especially in large areas and with difficult access, as is the case of the Brazilian Amazon. The aim of this work was to identify the changes in land use and land cover, over the past 20 years, in the municipalities of Aripuanã and Rondolândia, Northwest of Mato Grosso State, in order to quantify the effective altered areas. Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI digital classification images techniques were used in three different dates (1995, 2005 and 2015) and, later, the detection to the land use and land cover changes. The digital classification showed excellent results, with kappa index above 0.80 for the generated maps, indicating the digital classification as a potential tool for land use and land cover. Results reflect the conversion of forest areas mainly for agricultural activities, in the order of 472 km², representing a loss of 1.3% of Amazon forest surface in the study region.Keywords: forest conversion; land use and land cover; digital classification; multitemporal analysis.

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal evolution of landscape degradation on the Guamá River Basin, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Tatiane Camila Martins Silva ◽  
Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira ◽  
Marcelo Cordeiro Thalês
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Map Algebra ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
Secondary Vegetation

The goal of this study was to determine the anthropization evolution of the Guamá river basin in the years 2000, 2008 and 2018 by means of the Anthropic Transformation Index. Land use and cover maps were obtained from two databases, Project Mapbiomas (Brazilian Annual Land Use and Land Cover Mapping Project) and PRODES (Project for the Satellite Monitoring of the Brazilian Amazon Forest). The main classes defined in the mapping process are: forest, natural non-forest vegetation, agriculture and livestock farming, secondary vegetation, urban infrastructure, water and others. Secondary vegetation was considered as the area where the forest classes of Mapbiomas intersects with the deforested areas of PRODES, as determined by the map algebra operator. The expansion of agriculture and livestock farming achieved an increase of about 10%, while the forest was reduced in almost 10%. The Guamá river basin obtained an Anthropic Transformation Index of 4.44 in 2000, 5.04 in 2008 and 5.09 in 2018, going from a regular to a degraded state in 18 years. The occupation process caused major alterations in the natural components of the landscape over the course of 18 years, notably in the amount of forest. Protection of 35% of the remnant primary forest in the Guamá river basin is vital for the conservation of water resources vulnerable to changes in land use.

Amblyomma tick species infesting amphibians and reptiles in the seasonally dry Amazon forest, with new host records for Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Hiroiuki Oda ◽  
Clóvis Kitagawa ◽  
Janaina Da Costa Noronha ◽  
Domingos De Jesus Rodrigues ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
New Host ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
New Host Records

Our study yielded a list of ticks found on amphibians and reptiles at five sites within seasonally dry Amazon forest in Mato Grosso State, central Brazil, in addition to new host records for A. rotundatum. We collected 431 tick specimens: 79 larvae, 115 nymphs, 38 females, and 199 males belonging to A. humerale, A. rotundatum, and Amblyomma sp., on 39 anurans and 21 reptiles. The toads R. guttatus and R. margaritifera and the frog L. pentadactylus are new hosts for A. rotundatum.

scholarly journals Biomass burning emission disturbances of isoprene oxidation in a tropical forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 12715-12734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Santos ◽  
Karla Longo ◽  
Alex Guenther ◽  
Saewung Kim ◽  
Dasa Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Smoke Plumes ◽  
Isoprene Oxidation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. We present a characterization of the chemical composition of the atmosphere of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest based on trace gas measurements carried out during the South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) airborne experiment in September 2012. We analyzed the observations of primary biomass burning emission tracers, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), isoprene, and its main oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH). The focus of SAMBBA was primarily on biomass burning emissions, but there were also several flights in areas of the Amazon forest not directly affected by biomass burning, revealing a background with a signature of biomass burning in the chemical composition due to long-range transport of biomass burning tracers from both Africa and the eastern part of Amazonia. We used the [MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] ratio and the hydroxyl radical (OH) indirect calculation to assess the oxidative capacity of the Amazon forest atmosphere. We compared the background regions (CO < 150 ppbv), fresh and aged smoke plumes classified according to their photochemical age ([O3] ∕ [CO]), to evaluate the impact of biomass burning emissions on the oxidative capacity of the Amazon forest atmosphere. We observed that biomass burning emissions disturb the isoprene oxidation reactions, especially for fresh plumes ([MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] =  7) downwind. The oxidation of isoprene is higher in fresh smoke plumes at lower altitudes (∼ 500 m) than in aged smoke plumes, anticipating near the surface a complex chain of oxidation reactions which may be related to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. We proposed a refinement of the OH calculation based on the sequential reaction model, which considers vertical and horizontal transport for both biomass burning regimes and background environment. Our approach for the [OH] estimation resulted in values on the same order of magnitude of a recent observation in the Amazon rainforest [OH] ≅ 106 (molecules cm−3). During the fresh plume regime, the vertical profile of [OH] and the [MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] ratio showed evidence of an increase in the oxidizing power in the transition from planetary boundary layer to cloud layer (1000–1500 m). These high values of [OH] (1.5 × 106 molecules cm−3) and [MVK + MACR + ISOPOOH] ∕ [isoprene] (7.5) indicate a significant change above and inside the cloud decks due to cloud edge effects on photolysis rates, which have a major impact on OH production rates.

Fire damage, mortality, and suckering in aspen

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Brown ◽  
Norbert V. DeByle
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Fire Damage ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Tree Number ◽  
Fire Characteristics

Relationships among fire characteristics, fire damage, tree mortality, and sucker response in Populustremuloides Michx. are described. Circumference charred averaged more than 75% on trees killed and less than 50% on live trees. Average char heights ranged from 0.5 m in low severity fire to 1.5 m in high severity fire. Logistic regression analysis showed that probability of mortality was strongly related to diameter at breast height (dbh), char height, and circumference charred. Char heights of 30 cm had a 90% probability of killing aspen less than 25 cm dbh. Bark thickness at breast height and 10 cm aboveground, which relates to fire resistance, related strongly to tree dbh. Bark thickness was the same at sidehill, downhill, and uphill positions. Minimal flame heights required to kill aspen with 90% probability ranged from 10 cm for a 10-cm dbh tree to 60 cm for a 25-cm dbh tree. Number of suckers per hectare on three burns varied from 9 880 to 57 570 the 1st year following fire and from 7 060 to 21 240 4 years after the fire. Depth of sucker origin ranged from 0.2 to 18 cm and was related to fire severity. Sucker density varied greatly between plots and was not significantly related to fire severity.

Vulnerability of Amazonian tree communities to global change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert ◽  
Thomas Pugh ◽  
Timothy Baker ◽  
Kyle Dexter ◽  
Simon Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Tree Communities ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Vegetation Models ◽  
Global Vegetation

&lt;p&gt;Tree mortality is the principal mechanism whereby forests lose living biomass. This process has been observed to have increased across the Amazon forest over recent decades. Greater tree mortality rates have been attributed largely to an increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts, and to the intensification of competition, as a consequence of greater tree growth stimulated by higher CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;concentrations. Analysing the trends in mortality for different taxa allows us to test the contribution of these different drivers to the rise in tree mortality. Droughts are expected to kill wet-affiliated, large, and low wood density taxa. Increased competition is likely to affect slow growth, understory taxa. We assess data from over 30 years of forest monitoring across the Amazon to investigate the changes in mortality across different taxa, providing a greater understanding of the drivers of increased tree mortality across the basin and the vulnerability of these forests to water stress. We observed that the proportion of dead trees across different taxa has changed across the Amazon forest. We show an increase in the mortality of drought-vulnerable trees, particularly in those areas where dry climatic events have intensified over the last 30 years. However, the proportion of large taxa within the dead trees has not changed over the length of this study. We also observed indications of increasing competition-driven mortality represented by a decrease in abundance of slow-growth shade-tolerant species. A suite of mechanisms, varying regionally in importance, are acting synchronically to drive recent increases in tree death across Amazonia. The patterns and mechanisms observed here are amenable to incorporation within the latest generation of global vegetation models and Earth system models, providing a basis for improved simulations of forest dynamics in one of the world&amp;#8217;s most carbon-dense ecosystems.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Widespread Amazon forest tree mortality from a single cross-basin squall line event

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (16) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson I. Negrón-Juárez ◽  
Jeffrey Q. Chambers ◽  
Giuliano Guimaraes ◽  
Hongcheng Zeng ◽  
Carlos F. M. Raupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Squall Line ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Single Cross

Impact of clearcutting and slash burning on ectomycorrhizal associations of Douglas-fir seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Pilz ◽  
David A. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Soil Origin ◽  
Slash Burning

The effect of clear-cutting, with and without slash burning, on ectomycorrhizal formation of Douglas-fir seedlings (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was studied in field and greenhouse bioassays. Twelve ectomycorrhizal types were found in three western Cascade Mountain sites on seedlings planted in soils exchanged among burned and unburned portions of clear-cuts and undisturbed forest. Rhizopogon sp. and an unidentified brown type consistently formed at least two-thirds of the ectomycorrhizal root tips. Regardless of soil origin, more ectomycorrhizae formed in clear-cuts than in undisturbed forest (primarily due to more brown mycorrhizae). Soil origin did not affect total numbers of ectomycorrhizae; however, more different types formed in undisturbed forest soils than in clear-cut soils, irrespective of aboveground environment. More nonmycorrhizal tips occurred in clear-cut soils. Seedlings grown in the same soils formed the same proportions of Rhizopogon and brown types in field and greenhouse, but not the same proportions of less common ectomycorrhizal types. Soil pasteurization increased root-tip numbers. Inoculated soils (1 part nonpasteurized: 9 parts pasteurized) produced as many ectomycorrhizae as nonpasteurized field soils and generally fewer tips than pasteurized soils. Formation of major (but not minor) ectomycorrhizal types on all sites was influenced more by aboveground changes that accompany clear-cutting and site preparation than by alterations in soil chemistry or biology.

Laboratory evaluation of Amazon forest biomass burning emissions

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (39) ◽  
pp. 7455-7461 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Soares Neto ◽  
J.A. Carvalho ◽  
E.V. Cortez ◽  
R.G. Azevedo ◽  
R.A. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Amazon Forest
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document