scholarly journals DEPENDÊNCIA DA TRAJETÓRIA, IRREVERSIBILIDADE E O PAPEL DA HISTÓRIA NA SELEÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Luis Licha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Lock In

O artigo apresenta uma breve revisão dos conceitos de retornos crescentes e path-dependency e de sua importância para a teoria econômica, tomando como ponto de partida as contribuições de Brian Arthur. São discutidas algumas aplicações desses conceitos na análise de problemas específicos, especialmente na área da inovação tecnológica. É também apresentada uma versão simplificada do clássico modelo de Arthur, onde se geram situações de irreversibilidade da trajetória quando existem retornos crescentes. Abstract The paper offers a brief review of the relevance of the concepts of increasing returns and path-dependency in economic theory, taking as a starting point the contributions of Brian Arthur. The paper discusses some applications of these concepts in the analysis of specific problems, particularly in the field of technological innovation. In addition, a simplified version of the model of Brian Arthur is presented, in which lock in emerges in the presence of increasing returns.

Structuralism as a Pamphlet (On the Book by E. Reinert “How Rich CountriesGot Rich... And Why Poor Countries Stay Poor”. 2nd ed.)

2014 ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
P. Orekhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
The Other ◽  
Static Theory ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Historical School ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

The review outlines the connection between E. Reinert’s book and the tradition of structural analysis. The latter allows for the heterogeneity of industries and sectors of the economy, as well as for the effects of increasing and decreasing returns. Unlike the static theory of international trade inherited from the Ricardian analysis of comparative advantage, this approach helps identify the relationship between trade, production, income and population growth. Reinert rehabilitates the “other canon” of economic theory associated with the mercantilist tradition, F. Liszt and the German historical school, as well as a reconside ration of A. Marshall’s analysis of increasing returns. Empirical illustrations given in the book reveal clear parallels with the path of Russian socio-economic development in the last twenty years.

Increasing Returns and Path Dependency in the Economy

1995 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dickson ◽  
W. Brian Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependency ◽  
Increasing Returns

scholarly journals Carbon Lock-In and Sustainable Growth Challenges : Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 01-25
Author(s):  
Aminatou Kemajou Pofoura ◽  
Huaping Sun ◽  
Maxwell Opuni Antwi ◽  
Charles Kwarteng Antwi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Lock In

This research seeks to investigate the risks of carbon lock-in by examining the potential factors influencing carbon dioxide emissions levels in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given this, we employed a panel Sub-Saharan Africa comprised of 35 countries in the sub-region, from 2000 to 2014 with cross-sectional dependence among variables. We used the Two-step robust System Generalized Method of Moments to estimate the influencing factors of carbon emissions level that create path dependency. The main findings are: (1) income per capita, urbanization, and financial resources contribute to the increase of carbon emissions level in the Sub-Saharan Africa countries, in the short-run; (2) we noticed that in the short-run, the impacts of fossil fuels per capita, energy intensity and total energy consumption are insignificant; (3) in the long-run, income per capita, urbanization and financial resources increase carbon emissions level; (4) from various factors that increase carbon emissions level, these factors form a path dependency that slow the introduction of low-carbon systems, thus, creating carbon lock-in in the Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Considering this, policymakers and governments should ensure the strict compliance of environmental regulations by financial institutions and organizations, promote low-carbon cities during economic transformation, and encourage investments in low-carbon projects. The government should also educate and build awareness on the effects of environmental pollution on population health, provide incentives for energy conservation and promote the use of clean products to avoid future risks of lock-in in the sub-region.

scholarly journals CAUSAÇÃO CUMULATIVA EM MYRDAL E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS ENQUANTO ALTERNATIVAS AO CONCEITO DE EQUILÍBRIO

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Dumont Oliveira ◽  
Luccas Assis Attílio
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependency ◽  
Lock In

O artigo discute em que medida o conceito de causação cumulativa (em geral) permite superar as dificuldades relacionadas ao conceito de equilíbrio para se pensar em desenvolvimento econômico e apresenta o conceito de causação cumulativa de Myrdal (em particular). Para além de argumentar que a abordagem de Myrdal consiste em um arcabouço amplo que incorpora elementos pós-keynesianos, institucionalistas e evolucionários, analisamos alguns trabalhos de Setterfield como um desdobramento do pensamento de Myrdal. Nosso argumento é de que através de uma visão holística do sistema econômico que combina distintas vertentes, pode-se tratar o tema desenvolvimento econômico combinando questões relacionadas ao crescimento econômico com a análise histórica da evolução das instituições. Para ilustrar discutimos a incorporação de path-dependency, lock-in e institutional interrelatedness em um modelo proposto por Setterfield.

scholarly journals Rewriting a History of Open Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungmee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Distance Educators

This article reports eight distance teachers’ stories about teaching at two open universities over the past two decades with a focus on their perceptions and feelings about the changes in their teaching practice. This qualitative study employed a methodological approach called the autoethnographic interview, aiming to document more realistic histories of the open universities and to imagine a better future for those universities. As a result, the paper presents autobiographical narratives of distance teachers that dissent from the general historical accounts of open universities. These narratives are categorized into three interrelated themes: a) openness: excessive openness and a lost sense of mission; b) technological innovation: moving online and long-lasting resistance, and c) teaching: transactional interactions and feelings of loneliness. The paper then presents a discussion of useful implications for open universities, which can serve as a starting point for more meaningful discussions among distance educators in a time of change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document