Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy: Why it Matters

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Bureau ◽  
Jacqueline Fendt
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The informal economy is generating 10–20% of GDP in developed countries. It takes many forms and is difficult to measure, but has nevertheless a permanent and widely acknowledged characteristic: strong entrepreneurial dynamism. However, research seldom focuses on this aspect. This paper addresses this gap by offering a conceptual framework for entrepreneurial activities within the informal economy. The authors also discuss how crossing canonical entrepreneurship models and theories with atypical empirical contexts – such as, for instance, deprived neighbourhoods – can help consolidate existing evidence and/or, on the contrary, unveil myths and even generate new hypotheses and innovative and stimulating management methods.

The Informal Economy: Studies in Advanced and Less Developed Countries.

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
[Michael P. Todaro] ◽  
Alejandro Portes ◽  
Manuel Castells ◽  
Lauren A. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries

scholarly journals A novel conceptual framework to identify the mineral laws in Iran: A real-case application of fuzzy TOPSIS method

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ghazanfari ◽  
Morteza Hashempour
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Mineral Industry ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Conflict Solution

Due to the important environmental effects on human life and the conflict between the mining process and environmental factors, the enactment of protectionist environmental laws in the mineral industry has received extensive attention especially in countries with high mining potential. In this regard, using an extended fuzzy TOPSIS method, this study develops a novel conceptual framework to identify the key protection laws in Iran by considering the mineral successful laws and regulations in mineral-developed countries such as Australia, Chile, India, Turkey, Canada, South Africa, and China. This helps to apply the experiences of the abovementioned countries in resolving similar conflicts in Iran’s mineral industry. The key protection laws are selected based on their national and international environmental treaties, mines’ environmental protection laws, conflict solution methods, social responsibilities in mining activity, and laws for the abandoned mines. The proposed framework demonstrates that Iran’s mineral laws require revision and more transparency to avoid ambiguity and conflict with mineral property laws and governmental rights.

scholarly journals Why Is Growth in Developing Countries So Hard to Measure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-242
Author(s):  
Noam Angrist ◽  
Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg ◽  
Dean Jolliffe
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Large Share ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Audit Data

Occasional widely publicized controversies have led to the perception that growth statistics from developing countries are not to be trusted. Based on the comparison of several data sources and analysis of novel IMF audit data, we find no support for the view that growth is on average measured less accurately or manipulated more in developing than in developed countries. While developing countries face many challenges in measuring growth, so do higher-income countries, especially those with complex and sometimes rapidly changing economic structures. However, we find consistently higher dispersion of growth estimates from developing countries, lending support to the view that classical measurement error is more problematic in poorer countries and that a few outliers may have had a disproportionate effect on (mis)measurement perceptions. We identify several measurement challenges that are specific to poorer countries, namely limited statistical capacity, the use of outdated data and methods, the large share of the agricultural sector, the informal economy, and limited price data. We show that growth measurement based on the System of National Accounts (SNA) can be improved if supplemented with information from other data sources (for example, satellite-based data on vegetation yields) that address some of the limitations of SNA.

scholarly journals Explorando el "apartidismo" en México: ¿apartidistas o apolíticos?

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamín Temkin ◽  
Sandra Solano ◽  
José del Tronco
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Party Loyalty ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Electoral Competitiveness

RESUMEN: En las últimas décadas, distintos estudios han identificado, especialmente en las democracias avanzadas, un proceso de debilitamiento de la lealtad partidista. Russell Dalton ha explicado este fenómeno a través del incremento de los niveles educativos y de la mayor capacidad de los ciudadanos para obtener información y participar en asuntos públicos de forma independiente a los partidos. Este trabajo analiza la pertinencia del modelo de Dalton para el caso mexicano, donde el proceso de modernización económica y apertura política es mucho más reciente. Los resultados muestran la utilidad del modelo, pero sugieren la necesidad de tomar en cuenta diversos factores políticos, insuficientemente considerados en su marco conceptual. Palabras clave: identificación partidista, comportamiento electoral, México, independientes, movilidad cognitiva. ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, numerous researchers have identified, in highly developed countries, a process that involves the weakening of party loyalty. Russell Dalton proposes that decrease in party adhesion is associated with higher educational levels and the increasing ability of citizens to obtain information and engage in political action independently. This paper analyzes the relevance of Dalton’s model for Mexico, a country with lower development levels and recent electoral competitiveness. Our findings show the relevance of Dalton’s analysis but reveal also the need to take into account political and mobilization factors not sufficiently considered in his conceptual framework.  

scholarly journals Youth entrepreneurship development: A review of literature and ten-year research results

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Dragan Ćoćkalo ◽  
Dejan Đorđević ◽  
Srđan Bogetić ◽  
Mihalj Bakator
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
School Students ◽  
Youth Entrepreneurship ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in economic development. Further, the concept of entrepreneurship has been argued as the important factor in overall economic growth. As youth unemployment rates are high both in developing and developed countries, improving the environment for entrepreneurial activities is a necessity as to increase youth entrepreneurship potential. In this paper, the results of ten-year research on youth entrepreneurship are reviewed. In this study 5670 participants-high school students, and university students from the Republic of Serbia, took part. Also, other literature sources were analyzed. The main goal of this paper was identify and determine the potential influence of students' attitudes regarding entrepreneurship and their intention to start a business. The paper analyzes the existing body of literature in order to provide a thoroughly investigated and concisely presented "image" in the domain of youth entrepreneurship. Hence, effectively provide a solid base for future research.

Advancing a Framework for Entrepreneurship Development in a Bioeconomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-315
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun James Oguntuase
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Substitute Products ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

This chapter frames bioeconomy as a pathway to sustainable development, and entrepreneurship as the bedrock of a bioeconomy. Its objective is threefold. First, the chapter enumerates the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship in a bioeconomy. Second, the chapter identifies the key production determinants and transformative game changers in a bioeconomy that should be the focus of innovative entrepreneurial activities. Third, it presents a conceptual framework for entrepreneurship development in a bioeconomy. The chapter employs systematic literature review approach to achieve its objectives. In total, the chapter asserts that there are several entrepreneurial opportunities in a bioeconomy, spanning the production determinants, the development of transformative game changers, and in distinct innovations like substitute products, new (bio-based) products and new (bio-based) processes.

Ambient Learning Conceptual Framework for Bridging Digital Divide in Higher Education

2015 ◽  
pp. 417-446
Author(s):  
Simon Nyaga Mwendia ◽  
Peter Waiganjo Wagacha ◽  
Robert Oboko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
International Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Digital Gap

According to ITU (2012), digital divide is the difference between countries in terms of levels of ICT development. This difference remains significant. In 2011, the ICT Development Index (IDI) value of developed countries (6.52) was twice as high as that of developing countries (3.24). The need to link the digital divide for universal broadband Internet access is within the key international development goals, which include World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) goals and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Ambient learning is the next generation of M-learning (Bick, Kummer, Pawlowski, & Veith, 2007), which allows flexible content access by considering learner's current situation and learning context (Kofod-Petersen, et al., 2008). However, ambient learning has not yet attained a state of common understanding (Winker, Scharf, Hahn, & Herczeg, 2011) and is not widely used or adopted (Bick, et al., 2007). This chapter presents a theoretical conceptual framework to foster creativity for innovative ambient learning applications, which can be used to bridge the digital gap between universities in developed and developing countries.

Entry and Stay in the Informal Economy: Qualitative Findings from a Least Developed Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorah K. Abdallah ◽  
Emiel L. Eijdenberg
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

This study explores the factors determining the entry and stay of entrepreneurs in the informal economy in a Least Developed Country (LDC): Tanzania. Qualitative data from a focus group with six experts, and individual interviews with two experts and 15 entrepreneurs from the informal economy, were analysed. The results show that (1) necessity motivations are important for the entry and stay of entrepreneurs, as well as (2) the unattractive factors of the formal economy (e.g. degree of excessive regulations regarding high taxes)/attractive factors of the informal economy (e.g. little procedures, low capital requirements) and (3) low levels of education possessed by entrepreneurs, emerged as essential. This study enriches the literature with personal narratives of entrepreneurial activities from the micro level. Therefore, many detailed factors are revealed of the lives of entrepreneurs and experts, dealing in one way or the other with the informal economy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Non-Accounting Ownership and Top Management Support on (ABC) Adoption among Service Companies in Jordan: Proposed Conceptual Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farouq Hussein Jebreel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Costing System ◽  
The Impact

Accurate costing information is crucial for services businesses and information for strategic decision, to maintain a competitive advantage over its competitor's Traditional costing system leads to cost information distortion ,therefor the management of these businesses to Activity Based Costing (ABC) was introduced to address the shortcomings of traditional volume-based costing system. Prior research in developed countries showed impact adoption of ABC for many of companies for different sectors However in developing countries there are shortage in these studies. In order to achieve the high degree of adopting ABC in developing countries. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the factors influences on the success of ABC through non-accounting ownership, top management and ABC adoption among Service Companies listed on the Amman Stock   Exchange (ASE). 

scholarly journals Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions among the Youth in Serbia with a Classification Decision Tree Model with the QUEST Algorithm

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Dejan Djordjevic ◽  
Dragan Cockalo ◽  
Srdjan Bogetic ◽  
Mihalj Bakator
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Youth unemployment rates present an issue both in developing and developed countries. The importance of analyzing entrepreneurial activities comes from their significant role in economic development and economic growth. In this study, a 10-year research was conducted. The dataset included 5670 participants—students from Serbia. The main goal of the study is to attempt to predict entrepreneurial intentions among the Serbian youth by analyzing demographics characteristics, close social environment, attitudes, awareness of incentive means, and environment assessment as potential influencing factors. The data analysis included Chi-square, Welch’s t-test, z-test, linear regression, binary logistic regression, ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) regression, and a QUEST (Quick, Unbiased, Efficient, Statistical Tree) classification tree algorithm. The results are interesting and indicate that entrepreneurial intentions can be partially predicted using the dataset in this current study. Further, most likely due to the robust dataset, the results are not complementary with similar studies in this domain; therefore, these findings expand the current literature and invite future research.

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