scholarly journals Explorando el "apartidismo" en México: ¿apartidistas o apolíticos?

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamín Temkin ◽  
Sandra Solano ◽  
José del Tronco
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Party Loyalty ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Electoral Competitiveness

RESUMEN: En las últimas décadas, distintos estudios han identificado, especialmente en las democracias avanzadas, un proceso de debilitamiento de la lealtad partidista. Russell Dalton ha explicado este fenómeno a través del incremento de los niveles educativos y de la mayor capacidad de los ciudadanos para obtener información y participar en asuntos públicos de forma independiente a los partidos. Este trabajo analiza la pertinencia del modelo de Dalton para el caso mexicano, donde el proceso de modernización económica y apertura política es mucho más reciente. Los resultados muestran la utilidad del modelo, pero sugieren la necesidad de tomar en cuenta diversos factores políticos, insuficientemente considerados en su marco conceptual. Palabras clave: identificación partidista, comportamiento electoral, México, independientes, movilidad cognitiva. ABSTRACT: In the last two decades, numerous researchers have identified, in highly developed countries, a process that involves the weakening of party loyalty. Russell Dalton proposes that decrease in party adhesion is associated with higher educational levels and the increasing ability of citizens to obtain information and engage in political action independently. This paper analyzes the relevance of Dalton’s model for Mexico, a country with lower development levels and recent electoral competitiveness. Our findings show the relevance of Dalton’s analysis but reveal also the need to take into account political and mobilization factors not sufficiently considered in his conceptual framework.  

Aplicaciones de la firma electrónica mediante certificados digitales: El Documento Nacional de Identidad Electrónico en el Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Fernando Cedeño Sarmiento ◽  
Alex Gregorio Mendoza Arteaga ◽  
Gregorio Isoldo Mendoza Cedeño ◽  
Enrique Javier Macías Arias
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Electronic Signatures ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Identity Document ◽  
Digital Certificates ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías ◽  
Computer Services

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de la usabilidad del Documento Nacional de Identidad electrónico en países desarrollados y su futura implementación en el Ecuador, la necesidad de tener un documento de identificación electrónico legal que permita validar la identidad de los ciudadanos al momento de acceder a los servicios electrónicos públicos y privados. Se analizan conceptos referentes a la firma electrónica, las entidades que intervienen en el proceso, los mecanismos de encriptación de un mensaje, hasta culminar con la implementación de dicha firma electrónica. Finalmente, se hace una reflexión sobre la implementación de un nuevo documento de identidad en el Ecuador el cual debería contener las características necesarias acorde a las nuevas tecnologías existentes, los estándares internacionales y sus posibles usos en los servicios informáticos disponibles en el país.  Palabras clave: Encriptación, tecnologías, servicios informáticos, identificación electrónica   Applications of electronic signatures using digital certificates: The National Electronic Identity in Ecuador   Aplicaciones electrónicas en Ecuador    Abstract  In the present article itself performs an analysis of the usability of the National Electronic Identity Document in developed countries and its future implementation in Ecuador, the need for a legal electronic identification document to validate the identity of citizens at time by accessing the electronic government and corporate services. Discusses concepts related to electronic signatures, the entities involved in the process, the mechanisms for the encryption a message, culminating with the implementation of electronic signatures. Finally, a reflection on the implementation of a new identity in Ecuador that should contain the necessary characteristics according to the new existing technologies, international standards and their possible uses and computer services available in the country. Keywords: Encriptación, tecnologías, servicios informáticos, identificación electrónica

scholarly journals The social context and the need of information from patients with epilepsy: evaluating a tertiary referral service

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Freitas-Lima ◽  
Edna Almeida Monteiro ◽  
Lígia Ribeiro Horta Macedo ◽  
Sandra Souza Funayama ◽  
Flávia Isaura Santi Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Referral Service ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Objective Characterize the social profile and the need of information from patients with refractory epilepsy. Method A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to 103 patients to investigate sociodemographic aspects, pharmacotherapy and any doubts about epilepsy. Results Patients were highly dependent on having a free and accessible supply of antiepileptic drugs. Sixty-eight percent of the population was unemployed, and 26% confirmed receiving social security benefits due to epilepsy. Twenty-nine percent of the population reached high school. Eighty-five percent of the patients had at least one doubt about epilepsy; treatment and epilepsy aspects in general were the main topics. Conclusion : As observed in developed countries, patients with refractory epilepsy from a developing country also have high rates of unemployment and low educational levels. The results raise a concern about the need of information about epilepsy by patients and their families, urging the necessity to invest in strategies to solve this deficiency in knowledge.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Hazard Correlation between Risk Factors and Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Huan-Cheng Chang ◽  
Mei-Chin Wang ◽  
Meng-Hao Chen ◽  
Hung-Chang Liao ◽  
Ya-huei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Healthy Behavior ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the occurrence of diabetes and sustainable risk factors in residents aged 30 and above of a community in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. The main purpose of this research was to explore the correlations between related variables and the occurrence of diabetes. The demographic variables, health exam variables, healthy behavior variables, and environmental variables had obvious impacts on the risk of diabetes. As age increased, the risk of developing the disease also increased; higher educational levels lowered risk, while unemployment raised it. Also, analysis of the health exam variables showed that abnormal BMIs, waist-hip ratios, and body fat percentages had significant impacts on individuals’ risk of diabetes. Moreover, it was found that smoking affected the risk of having diabetes: smokers, particularly male smokers, had a relatively higher risk of developing the disease. Lastly, the results showed that exposure to second-hand smoke did not have a significant effect on the diabetes proportion in the male population. However, a significantly higher proportion of females who had been exposed to second-hand smoke had diabetes.

scholarly journals La brecha digital de género como vértice de las desigualdades de las mujeres en el contexto de la pandemia por Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (136) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Claudia Ivette Pedraza Bucio
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Work Impact ◽  
The Impact

 El objetivo de este texto es analizar la brecha digital de g.nero como vértice de las desigualdades estructurales que conforman la vida de las mujeres, en el marco de la pandemia mundial de Covid-19 que ha colocado a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en el centro de la dinámica social. Para esto, en el primer apartado se recupera el concepto de brecha digital como un v.rtice en el cual convergen desigualdades que condicionan el acceso, uso y apropiaci.n de las tecnolog.as de la información y comunicación, pero también como un condicionante de las mismas. A continuación, se presentan las implicaciones del género en el análisis de la brecha digital; y a partir de esto, se revisan los problemas potenciales que supone la brecha digital de género en el contexto de COVID. La intención final es argumentar la necesidad de políticas y programas que atiendan la brecha digital no como un resultado de las desigualdades de género, sino como eje emergente a través del cual se mantienen, refuerzan y renuevan las mismas  Palabras clave Brecha digital, g.nero, Covid-19, TIC, desigualdad.   Bibliografía Alva de la Selva, A. (2015). Los nuevos rostros de la desigualdad en el siglo XXI: la brecha digital. Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales, 60(223), 265-285. Animal Político (2020), “SEP estima deserción de 10% en educación básica y 8% en superior por la COVID. Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.animalpolitico.com/2020/08/sep-desercion-educacion-covid/ Badillo, N. S., Esteban, O., y Vall-Llovera, M. (2012). Romper la brecha digital de género. Factores implicados en la opción por una carrera tecnológica. Athenea Digital: revista de pensamiento e investigación social, 12(3), 115-128. Becerril, W (2018). Mujeres que codean: la apropiación tecnológica de estudiantes egresadas de Laboratoria en México. Controversias y concurrencias latinoamericanas,10(16), 67-75. Braidotti, R. (2002). Un ciberfeminismo diferente. Debats, vol. 76, 100-117. Collado, C. (2010). Género y TIC. Presencia, posición y políticas Barcelona: Editorial UOC. Crovi, D. (2008). Dimensión social del acceso, uso y apropiaci.n de las TIC. Contratexto, (016), 65-79. Derechos Digitales (2017). Derechos de las Mujeres en Línea, resultado de la Evaluación. Chile: Derechos Digitales. Godínez, A. L (2016). Brecha digital de género: usos y apropiaciones de las TIC´s en estudiantes adolescentes. Retos y posibilidades (Tesis de maestr.a). México: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales-UNAM. IFT (2019 a). Uso de las TIC y actividades por internet en México: impacto de las características sociodemográficas de la población. M.xico: IFT IFT (2019 b). Encuesta de Usuarios de Servicios de Telecomunicaciones, Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas”. M.xico: IFT INEGI (2018) Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares.Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a.  INEGI (2019 a). Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de Información en los Hogares.  Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. INEGI (2019 b ). Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo  . Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. INEGI (2020), Encuesta Telefónica sobre COVID-19 y Mercado Laboral (ECOVIDML). Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. OCDE (2001). Understanding the digital divide . Paris: Organizaci.n para la Cooperaci.n y el Desarrollo Econ.micos: Paris. OIT (2020) COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses  Organizaci.n Internacional del Trabajo, Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/coronavirus/lang--en/index.htm ONU (2020) UN Secretary-General’s policy brief: The impact of COVID-19 on women .ONU . Nueva York: Organizaci.n de las Naciones Unidas. Observatorio Laboral (2019) Carreras mejor pagadas . Secretar.a del Trabajo y Previsi.n Social. Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.observatoriolaboral.gob.mx/#/ Peres, W., & Hilbert, M (2009). La sociedad de la informaci.n en Am.rica Latina y el Caribe. Desarrollo de las tecnologías y tecnologías para el desarrollo, CEPAL, Santiago de Chile . Selwyn, N. (2004). Reconsidering political and popular understandings of the digitaldivide. New Media and Society , 6(3), 341-362. UIT (2019) ICTs, LDCs and the SDGs: Achieving universal and affordable Internet in the least developed countries. Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones: Ginebra. UNESCO (2020). El cierre de escuelas debido a la COVID-19 en todo el mundo afectará más a las niñas . Consultado el 08/10/2020.Disponible en https://es.unesco.org/news/cierre-escuelas-debido-covid-19-todo-mundoafectaramasninas#:~:text=Plan%20International%20y%20la%20UNESCO,precoz%20y%20matrimonio%20precoz%20y Verges, N. (2012). De la exclusión a la autoinclusión de las mujeres en las TIC.Motivaciones, posibilitadores y mecanismos de autoinclusi.n. Atenea Digial  12,3:129-150. Wajcman, Judy (2006). El Tecnofeminismo. Valencia: C.tedra. Zafra, Remedios (2005). Netianas. N(h)acer mujer en Internet.  Madrid: Lengua de Trapo. Zapata, C. B.; Arra.za, P. M.; Silva, E. F. D.; Soares, E. D. C. (2017). Desaf.os de la Inclusi.n Digital: antecedentes, problem.ticas y medici.n de la Brecha Digital de G.nero. Psicología, Conocimiento y Sociedad , 7 (2), 121-151.    

scholarly journals A novel conceptual framework to identify the mineral laws in Iran: A real-case application of fuzzy TOPSIS method

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ghazanfari ◽  
Morteza Hashempour
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Mineral Industry ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Conflict Solution

Due to the important environmental effects on human life and the conflict between the mining process and environmental factors, the enactment of protectionist environmental laws in the mineral industry has received extensive attention especially in countries with high mining potential. In this regard, using an extended fuzzy TOPSIS method, this study develops a novel conceptual framework to identify the key protection laws in Iran by considering the mineral successful laws and regulations in mineral-developed countries such as Australia, Chile, India, Turkey, Canada, South Africa, and China. This helps to apply the experiences of the abovementioned countries in resolving similar conflicts in Iran’s mineral industry. The key protection laws are selected based on their national and international environmental treaties, mines’ environmental protection laws, conflict solution methods, social responsibilities in mining activity, and laws for the abandoned mines. The proposed framework demonstrates that Iran’s mineral laws require revision and more transparency to avoid ambiguity and conflict with mineral property laws and governmental rights.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Toward SARS-COV-2 Infection in the United Arab Emirates Population: An Online Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamda Musabbah Alremeithi ◽  
Aljazia Khalfan Alghefli ◽  
Rouqyah Almadhani ◽  
Latifa Mohammad Baynouna AlKetbi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
P Value ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Depression Risk ◽  
Higher Educational

Population's preventive practices and self-isolation is determinantal in the prevention and mitigation. This study explored the adult population's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 in UAE between the 4th and 14th of April 2020. The study was a community-based, cross-sectional study using a self-administered electronic questionnaire covering five different aspects: demographics, knowledge, practice, attitude, source, and trust of information, and a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-2) for depression screening. Results were analyzed using frequencies, cross-tabulation, and regression analysis. A total of 1,867 people responded to the survey. The mean age of participants was 36.0 years S.D. 10.8. Males were 19.3% and female (80.7%). Knowledge was significantly better in people with higher educational levels (B 0.17, P-value < 0.001), good preventive practice (B 0.12, P-value < 0.001), and higher perceived risk scores (B 0.053, P-value = 0.025). The best practice scores were shown by participants with older age (B 0.097, P-value < 0.05), with good knowledge (B 0.086, P-value < 0.05), were of non-UAE nationalities (B −0.08, P-value < 0.05), with jobs that cannot be practiced from home, military and health care employees (B −0.104, P-value < 0.05), had a personal history of contact with COVID-19 patients (B 0.053, P-value < 0.05), higher educational levels (B 0.052, P-value < 0.05), and a positive attitude toward taking a vaccine (B 0.088, P-value < 0.05). Depression risk was significantly higher in men, non-UAE nationals, in those with lower knowledge scores, and younger ages. The most followed practices were staying home, handwashing, avoiding social gatherings, limiting three people per vehicle, and avoiding public transportation. The least practiced measures were covering the face while sneezing or coughing and wearing masks. Although staying home was reported by 92.5% of participants, 22.6% mentioned that they were visited by more than two people and visited others in 18.4% during the last week. Social media was the source of information for 82.1% of the participants and most trusted doctors and healthcare providers. Depression risk was present in 18.9% of the participants, and most respondents (89%) agreed that SARS-COV-2 infection would be finally be successfully controlled. An encouraging finding is the willingness of two-third of the participants (64.5%) to take the COVID-19 vaccine and if it was developed, although it was very early in the pandemic. Only 14.6% said they would not take the vaccine, and 20.9% were not sure. The obtained results on knowledge and practices, although satisfactory, could be insufficient to prevent this pandemic from being contained. Therefore, we recommend the intensification of awareness programs and good practices. In addition, mental health is an area worth further studies.

Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy: Why it Matters

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Bureau ◽  
Jacqueline Fendt
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The informal economy is generating 10–20% of GDP in developed countries. It takes many forms and is difficult to measure, but has nevertheless a permanent and widely acknowledged characteristic: strong entrepreneurial dynamism. However, research seldom focuses on this aspect. This paper addresses this gap by offering a conceptual framework for entrepreneurial activities within the informal economy. The authors also discuss how crossing canonical entrepreneurship models and theories with atypical empirical contexts – such as, for instance, deprived neighbourhoods – can help consolidate existing evidence and/or, on the contrary, unveil myths and even generate new hypotheses and innovative and stimulating management methods.

Ambient Learning Conceptual Framework for Bridging Digital Divide in Higher Education

2015 ◽  
pp. 417-446
Author(s):  
Simon Nyaga Mwendia ◽  
Peter Waiganjo Wagacha ◽  
Robert Oboko
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
International Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Digital Gap

According to ITU (2012), digital divide is the difference between countries in terms of levels of ICT development. This difference remains significant. In 2011, the ICT Development Index (IDI) value of developed countries (6.52) was twice as high as that of developing countries (3.24). The need to link the digital divide for universal broadband Internet access is within the key international development goals, which include World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) goals and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Ambient learning is the next generation of M-learning (Bick, Kummer, Pawlowski, & Veith, 2007), which allows flexible content access by considering learner's current situation and learning context (Kofod-Petersen, et al., 2008). However, ambient learning has not yet attained a state of common understanding (Winker, Scharf, Hahn, & Herczeg, 2011) and is not widely used or adopted (Bick, et al., 2007). This chapter presents a theoretical conceptual framework to foster creativity for innovative ambient learning applications, which can be used to bridge the digital gap between universities in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals The Impact of Non-Accounting Ownership and Top Management Support on (ABC) Adoption among Service Companies in Jordan: Proposed Conceptual Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Mohammad Farouq Hussein Jebreel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Information Distortion ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Costing System ◽  
The Impact

Accurate costing information is crucial for services businesses and information for strategic decision, to maintain a competitive advantage over its competitor's Traditional costing system leads to cost information distortion ,therefor the management of these businesses to Activity Based Costing (ABC) was introduced to address the shortcomings of traditional volume-based costing system. Prior research in developed countries showed impact adoption of ABC for many of companies for different sectors However in developing countries there are shortage in these studies. In order to achieve the high degree of adopting ABC in developing countries. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to investigate the factors influences on the success of ABC through non-accounting ownership, top management and ABC adoption among Service Companies listed on the Amman Stock   Exchange (ASE). 

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