scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Sau Kim Lum ◽  
◽  
Xuefeng Zhou ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Monthly Household Income

This erratum corrects (1) the year in the Abstract, and (2) the value in Table A.1 in the published version of the paper appearing in the Winter Issue of the International Real Estate Review (2019, Vol. 22, No. 4, (2019), 597-625). Specifically, in line 2 of the Abstract, the line should read "... declining since 2006¨ instead of "... declining since the 1990s¨. In addition, in Table A.1 of the Appendix, the "3-room flat¨ monthly household income ceiling for 1994 should be "$1000e¨ and not "$3000e¨. All online versions of this article have been corrected.

scholarly journals HAV infection in Brazilian men who have sex with men: The importance of surveillance to avoid outbreaks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256818
Author(s):  
Lisie Souza Castro ◽  
Grazielli Rocha de Rezende ◽  
Fernanda Rodas Pires Fernandes ◽  
Larissa Melo Bandeira ◽  
Gabriela Alves Cesar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Household Income ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Hepatitis A is a fecal-oral infection caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) have been reported as target groups for HAV infection. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, risk factors, and circulating strains associated with HAV infection among MSM and TW in Central Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2011 to September 2013. Serum samples were collected from 425 individuals for anti-HAV antibody testing and HAV molecular characterization. Of them, 149 (35.1%) participants were self-identified as transgender women. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors of HAV seropositivity. Results The seroprevalence of HAV exposure was 69.7% (95% Confidence Interval: 65.3–74.0%). Serological evidence of HAV was significantly higher in participants who self-identified as transgender women (83.2%) than MSM (62.3%). Increasing age, non-white race, and lower monthly household income were independently associated with HAV exposure among MSM. Only lower monthly household income was independently associated with HAV exposure among TW. One anti-HAV IgM positive sample, from a transgender woman (0.2%), was detected and classified as subgenotype IA. Conclusions High HAV prevalence was observed, markedly among TW. Considering the risky sexual behaviors this population is exposed to, HAV vaccination and prevention programs targeting this population should be considered to prevent outbreaks and the burden of the disease.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-444
Author(s):  
Kazuya Tani ◽  
◽  
Yoshiyuki Kikuchi ◽  
Hideo Takaoka ◽  
Shubin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Commercial Housing ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Housing Units

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the housing acquisition process by providing profiles of residents in Shanghai. A questionnaire was prepared for residents in both public housing and commodity housing to analyze the relationship between the purchase prices of housing units and the annual household incomes of the buyers. The ability to purchase private condominium units depends on whether the purchasers already possess any real properties. In Shanghai, the number of condominiums supplied by private developers has been rapidly increasing in recent years and represented about 40% of the number of households in 2009. However, as these prices are about 9 to 14 times the average annual household income, we believe that a path from renting public housing to owning commercial housing, which was a relocation process commonly witnessed in the 1980s in Japan, is considerably difficult to be followed by regular residents in Shanghai.

Heated tobacco products use in Chinese adults in Hong Kong: a population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2018-054719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongda Socrates Wu ◽  
Man Ping Wang ◽  
Sai Yin Ho ◽  
Ho Cheung William LI ◽  
Yee Tak Derek Cheung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Monthly Household Income

IntroductionWe investigated heated tobacco products (HTPs) use and associated factors in Chinese adults in Hong Kong where HTPs are not formally marketed yet, and cigarette smoking prevalence was the lowest in the developed world.MethodsA population-based landline telephone survey in 2017 interviewed 5131 (45.2% male; 26.7% aged ≥60) adults to collect information on awareness, intention to use, ever use of HTPs, cigarette smoking status and sociodemographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics were weighted by the age, sex and smoking status of the Hong Kong adult population. Sociodemographics were mutually adjusted in logistic regression to yield adjusted ORs (AORs) for awareness of HTPs, controlling for smoking status.ResultsOverall, 11.3% (95% CI 10.0% to 12.7%) were aware of HTPs and 1.0 % (0.8%–1.2%) had ever used it. Awareness was associated with aged 40–49 years (AOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.87) or 30–39 years (2.03, 1.41–2.91) (vs ≥60 years), born in Hong Kong (1.37, 1.11–1.68) and higher monthly household income (p for trend 0.001). Ever HTP users had higher educational attainment and monthly household income, and more were aged 30–39 and economically active (all p<0.003). In never HTP users, intention to use HTPs (7.3%, 4.9%–10.8%) were more prevalent in respondents with similar characteristics (all p<0.008). More current (vs never) smokers were aware of HTPs, intent to use HTPs and had ever used HTPs (all p<0.001).ConclusionHigher socioeconomic status was associated with HTP use and intention to use. Public health education on HTPs is needed especially for this high-risk group.

The portfolio effect of pension reforms: evidence from Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENATA BOTTAZZI ◽  
TULLIO JAPPELLI ◽  
MARIO PADULA
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Italian Survey ◽  
Social Security Wealth ◽  
Portfolio Effect ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
Social Security Benefits

AbstractWe estimate the portfolio effect of changes in social security wealth exploiting a decade of Italian pension reforms. The Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth records detailed portfolio data and elicits expectations of retirement outcomes, thus allowing us to measure expected social security wealth and assess to what extent Italian households perceive the innovations brought about by the reforms. We find that households have responded to cuts in pension benefits mostly by increasing real estate wealth, and that this response is stronger among households able more accurately to estimate future social security benefits. We also compute that for the average household consumable wealth increases by 40 percent of the reduction in social security wealth.

HOW WILL THE LAND REVENUE POLICY REFORM AFFECT CHINA’S ECONOMY? A SIMULATION ANALYSIS BASED ON GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
HAISHENG HU ◽  
WANHAO DONG ◽  
CHIEN-LUNG HSU ◽  
JIUN-NAN PAN
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Negative Impact

The aim of this paper is to simulate the effect of land revenue policy reform in China under the shock of tax policy reform. To this end, this research has built a computable general equilibrium model and collected data from China’s input–output table for 2017 to construct the China land revenue social accounting matrix for 2017. Five scenarios of land reform policy have been considered. The first scenario concerns a reduction in the construction land supply; the simulation shows that the reform will lead to increasing real estate prices, which will result in a crowding-out effect for the manufacturing industry. The second scenario involves levying a property tax nationwide, which will restrain the trend of the increase in the real estate price and increase the local governments’ revenue, although household income and economic growth will be restrained. The third scenario has to do with a reduction in the deed tax. The simulation shows that this reform can alleviate the negative impact on the economy. The fourth scenario is related to a combination of the first and second scenarios, which will lead to a decrease in employment demand and an increase in land financial revenue. Finally, the fifth scenario is also a combined policy involving the first, second and third scenarios, which will result in higher urban and rural household income than the fourth scenario.

Antibiotic use in pregnancy: knowledge, attitudes and practices among pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre N H Bulabula ◽  
Angela Dramowski ◽  
Shaheen Mehtar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Monthly Household Income ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Objectives To establish the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and self-medication among pregnant women. Methods We conducted a KAP survey of 301 pregnant women hospitalized at a tertiary hospital obstetric service in Cape Town, South Africa in November and December 2017, using an interviewer-administered 12 item questionnaire. We stratified analysis of attitudes and practices by participants’ mean knowledge score (K-score) group (<6 versus ≥6 out of 7 questions). Multivariate models were built to identify independent predictors of antibiotic self-medication and K-score. Results The mean age of pregnant women was 29 (SD 6.1) years, 44/247 (17.8%) were nulliparous, 69/247 (27.9%) were HIV-infected, 228/247 (92.3%) had completed secondary school and 78/247 (31.6%) reported a monthly household income in the lowest category of ≤50–100 US dollars (USD). The mean K-score was 6.1 (SD 1.02) out of 7 questions. Sixteen percent of the cohort reported antibiotic self-medication, with higher rates among pregnant women with K-score <6 [18/48 (37.5%) versus 32/253 (12.6%); P < 0.001]. The monthly household income category of >500 USD (the highest category) was the only predictor of antibiotic self-medication behaviour [adjusted OR = 6.4 (95% CI 1.2–35.2), P = 0.03]. Conclusions Higher antibiotic knowledge scores are associated with lower rates of antibiotic self-medication, whereas higher household income is correlated with increasing self-medication behaviours. Education of pregnant women regarding the potential dangers of antibiotic self-medication and stricter enforcement of existing South African antibiotic prescribing and dispensing regulations are needed.

Determining the factors affecting the consumers' willingness to pay higher prices for genetically unmodified products

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gokalp Goktolga ◽  
Kemal Esengun
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Monthly Household Income ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Conducting Research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the factors affecting the consumers' willingness to pay higher prices for genetically unmodified products.Design/methodology/approachTomato was selected as a model crop. Data used in this study were gathered from questionnaires conducted in Tokat province of Turkey in April 2006. Questionnaires were accomplished via face‐to‐face interviews over 262 households. “Ordered logit model” was used in determining the factors that affect the willingness of consumers for higher prices for genetically unmodified products. Ordered models are those that limit dependent variables to certain intervals. According to the results, variables of household size, monthly household income, household's monthly food consumption expenditure and level of consumers' sensitivity over the issue affected the willingness to pay higher prices for genetically unmodified products.FindingsResults of the study indicated that household size and monthly household income had negative effects on the willingness to pay extra, while monthly food expenditure and concern had positive effects.Originality/valueThe results of the study will be beneficial for the policy makers, producers, consumers and those conducting research in this area alike. Carrying out studies aimed at determining consumer preference, such as this, will help form consumer consciousness, especially in Turkey, to protect consumer health.

scholarly journals Ecotourism, Income Generation and Poverty Reduction: A Case of Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP), Pahang, Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Mukrimah A. ◽  
Mohd Parid M. ◽  
Motoe M. ◽  
Lim HF
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Household Income ◽  
National Park ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Monthly Household Income ◽  
Income Sources

Ecotourism is one strategy for supporting conservation, generating income, and creating employment for communities living around protected areas. In Malaysia, the management of national parks (protected areas) focuses on the planning and implementation of various activities which contribute to the long-term conservation of the areas while mitigating or reducing conflicts between human and the environment. The issue is whether ecotourism development helps to improve income and reduce rural poverty. A case study was conducted in 2014 where 158 Malay households from Kampung Kuala Tahan were interviewed. Villagers engaged in economic activities related to ecotourism development in Kuala Tahan National Park (KTNP) area (2,477 sq. km) directly and indirectly. The result shows the average monthly household income of this village was RM4, 035. On the whole, about 90% of the average monthly household income was cash income while 10% income in kind. The income sources of villagers were from those within the state land forest areas (related to NTFP harvesting), and outside KTNP (related to forestry and ecotourism). Income generated outside KTNP(related to forestry and ecotourism) area was significantly high compared to those within state land forest and outside KTNP (non-forestry). On average, about RM1, 895 or 47% of the average monthly household income was generated from the ecotourism related activities and forest area. The highest percentage of cash income was from villagers’ engagement as tour guides. Income generated from this source accounted for 13% of household income. Ecotourism related retail stores or restaurant operators also significantly contributed to the average monthly household income at 10%. The incidence of poverty among the households in the village was 4% in 2014 compared to 3.4% among rural Malaysian households in 2012. The findings in this study showed that the income received from forestry related activities and ecotourism is important in reducing poverty among local households.

scholarly journals Investigating Health Status Among Women Aged 50-70 years old in Hunan Province, China: A Cross-Sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Luo ◽  
NIE Min ◽  
MENG Yan-ting ◽  
XU Chen ◽  
QIN Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Household Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Household Income

Abstract Background: As promotion of the Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health 2016-2020 and the Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan, healthy ageing becomes a hot pot. It is crucial to identify health status of senior women and acquire characteristics of them. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the health of women aged 50-70 in Hunan Province of China, come out coping strategy and prompt an active discussion for healthy ageing.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 communities randomly selected from 5 sampled districts and 5counties in Hunan Province. A self-designed and structured questionnaire was used, included demographic data, diseases-related information, self-reported health, health behaviors, and psychological health. The data was collected by well-trained workers, double-entered into EpiData 3.0 and analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results: Among the 2585 senior women, 51.0% was chronic diseases, 49.6% was gynecopathy and 23.6% was mastopathy. Age [OR=1.394, 95% CI=(1.63-1.670)], household type [OR=1.700, 95% CI=(1.416-2.042)], BMI [OR=1.194, 95% CI=(1.043-1.367)], average monthly household income [OR=0.884, 95% CI=(0.809-0.965)] and self-reported physical health [OR=4.659, 95% CI=(3.913-5.546)] were significantly associated with chronic diseases. Age [OR=0.668, 95% CI=(0.564-0.792)], household type [OR=1.335, 95% CI=(1.094-1.629)], occupation [OR=1.045, 95% CI=(1.002-1.090)], average monthly household income [OR=1.243, 95% CI=(1.143-1.352)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.748, 95% CI=(1.510-2.024)] were significantly associated with gynecopathy. Age [OR=0.749, 95% CI=(0.616-0.910)], household type [OR=1.603, 95% CI=(1.269-2.026)], occupation [OR=1.057, 95% CI=(1.009-1.108)], average monthly household income [OR=1.233, 95% CI=(1.127-1.350)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.272, 95% CI=(1.077-1.502)] were significantly associated with mastopathy. Age [OR=0.778, 95% CI=(0.645-0.939)], household type [OR=2.090, 95% CI=(1.733-2.520)], and BMI [OR=1.218, 95% CI=(1.061-1.399)] were significantly associated with exposure to secondhand smoke. Age [OR=0.829, 95% CI=(0.701-0.980)] and occupation [OR=0.956, 95% CI=(0.923-0.990)] were significantly associated with regular physical examinations. Household type [OR=0.642, 95% CI=(0.398-1.035)] and self-reported physical health [OR=1.983, 95% CI=(1.340-2.935)] were significantly associated with anxiety.Conclusion: This cross-sectional study shows good description as an appropriate investigation for the identification of women aged 50-70 with certain diseases, health behaviors and psychological health problems in a representative and community-conducted sample of women in Hunan Province of China. It discloses their poor health status.

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