scholarly journals Cochlear nuclei

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Hassanzadeh ◽  
Craig Hacking
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Nuclei

scholarly journals Development in the Mammalian Auditory System Depends on Transcription Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4189
Author(s):  
Karen L. Elliott ◽  
Gabriela Pavlínková ◽  
Victor V. Chizhikov ◽  
Ebenezer N. Yamoah ◽  
Bernd Fritzsch
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Auditory System ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
System Development ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Spiral Ganglion Neuron ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cells ◽  
Cochlear Nuclei ◽  
Bhlh Genes

We review the molecular basis of several transcription factors (Eya1, Sox2), including the three related genes coding basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH; see abbreviations) proteins (Neurog1, Neurod1, Atoh1) during the development of spiral ganglia, cochlear nuclei, and cochlear hair cells. Neuronal development requires Neurog1, followed by its downstream target Neurod1, to cross-regulate Atoh1 expression. In contrast, hair cells and cochlear nuclei critically depend on Atoh1 and require Neurod1 expression for interactions with Atoh1. Upregulation of Atoh1 following Neurod1 loss changes some vestibular neurons’ fate into “hair cells”, highlighting the significant interplay between the bHLH genes. Further work showed that replacing Atoh1 by Neurog1 rescues some hair cells from complete absence observed in Atoh1 null mutants, suggesting that bHLH genes can partially replace one another. The inhibition of Atoh1 by Neurod1 is essential for proper neuronal cell fate, and in the absence of Neurod1, Atoh1 is upregulated, resulting in the formation of “intraganglionic” HCs. Additional genes, such as Eya1/Six1, Sox2, Pax2, Gata3, Fgfr2b, Foxg1, and Lmx1a/b, play a role in the auditory system. Finally, both Lmx1a and Lmx1b genes are essential for the cochlear organ of Corti, spiral ganglion neuron, and cochlear nuclei formation. We integrate the mammalian auditory system development to provide comprehensive insights beyond the limited perception driven by singular investigations of cochlear neurons, cochlear hair cells, and cochlear nuclei. A detailed analysis of gene expression is needed to understand better how upstream regulators facilitate gene interactions and mammalian auditory system development.

Cochlear electrical stimulation: Influence of age of implantation on Fos immunocytochemical reactions in inferior colliculi and dorsal cochlear nuclei of the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 438 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chung Hsu ◽  
Antonio Campos-Torres ◽  
Frederic Portier ◽  
Eric Lecain ◽  
Thierry Van Den Abbeele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cochlear Nuclei ◽  
Inferior Colliculi

Optical imaging of glycinergic inhibition in the vestibular and cochlear nuclei

2002 ◽  
Vol 949 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Shi-Ming Yang ◽  
Tadashi Doi ◽  
Shen Jing ◽  
Toshihiko Kaneko ◽  
Ayumi Matsumoto-Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Cochlear Nuclei ◽  
Glycinergic Inhibition

Norepinephrine innervation of the cochlear nuclei by locus coeruleus neurons in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence F. Kromer ◽  
Robert Y. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cochlear Nuclei
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