scholarly journals How the Working Memory with Distributed Executive Control Model Accounts for Task Switching and Dual-Task Coordination Costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Vandierendonck
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Task Coordination ◽  
Coordination Costs

scholarly journals Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Executive Dysfunctions in ADHD: Implications for Inhibitory Control, Interference Control, Working Memory, and Cognitive Flexibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1928-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Nejati ◽  
Mohammad Ali Salehinejad ◽  
Michael A. Nitsche ◽  
Asal Najian ◽  
Amir-Homayoun Javadi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Left Dlpfc

Objective: This study examined effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) on major executive functions (EFs), including response inhibition, executive control, working memory (WM), and cognitive flexibility/task switching in ADHD. Method: ADHD children received (a) left anodal/right cathodal DLPFC tDCS and (b) sham stimulation in Experiment 1 and (a) left anodal DLPFC/right cathodal OFC tDCS, (b) left cathodal DLPFC/right anodal OFC tDCS, and (c) sham stimulation in Experiment 2. The current intensity was 1 mA for 15 min with a 72-hr interval between sessions. Participants underwent Go/No-Go task, N-back test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Stroop task after each tDCS condition. Results: Anodal left DLPFC tDCS most clearly affected executive control functions (e.g., WM, interference inhibition), while cathodal left DLPFC tDCS improved inhibitory control. Cognitive flexibility/task switching benefited from combined DLPFC-OFC, but not DLPFC stimulation alone. Conclusion: Task-specific stimulation protocols can improve EFs in ADHD.

Video game practice optimizes executive control skills in dual-task and task switching situations

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilo Strobach ◽  
Peter A. Frensch ◽  
Torsten Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Task Switching ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Game Practice ◽  
And Task

scholarly journals The Sources of Dual-task Costs in Multisensory Working Memory Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Katus ◽  
Martin Eimer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Shared Storage ◽  
Task Coordination ◽  
Executive Mechanism ◽  
Somatosensory Areas

We investigated the sources of dual-task costs arising in multisensory working memory (WM) tasks, where stimuli from different modalities have to be simultaneously maintained. Performance decrements relative to unimodal single-task baselines have been attributed to a modality-unspecific central WM store, but such costs could also reflect increased demands on central executive processes involved in dual-task coordination. To compare these hypotheses, we asked participants to maintain two, three, or four visual items. Unimodal trials, where only this visual task was performed, and bimodal trials, where a concurrent tactile WM task required the additional maintenance of two tactile items, were randomly intermixed. We measured the visual and tactile contralateral delay activity (CDA/tCDA components) as markers of WM maintenance in visual and somatosensory areas. There were reliable dual-task costs, as visual CDA components were reduced in size and visual WM accuracy was impaired on bimodal relative to unimodal trials. However, these costs did not depend on visual load, which caused identical CDA modulations in unimodal and bimodal trials, suggesting that memorizing tactile items did not reduce the number of visual items that could be maintained. Visual load did not also affect tCDA amplitudes. These findings indicate that bimodal dual-task costs do not result from a competition between multisensory items for shared storage capacity. Instead, these costs reflect generic limitations of executive control mechanisms that coordinate multiple cognitive processes in dual tasks. Our results support hierarchical models of WM, where distributed maintenance processes with modality-specific capacity limitations are controlled by a central executive mechanism.

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