Plasma Concentrations of Lidocaine in Dogs Following Lidocaine Patch Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Ko ◽  
Ann Weil ◽  
Lara Maxwell ◽  
Takashi Kitao ◽  
Todd Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Patch Application ◽  
Transdermal Absorption ◽  
Plasma Lidocaine ◽  
Patch Removal ◽  
Lidocaine Patch ◽  
Clinically Significant

Transdermal absorption of lidocaine was determined by measuring plasma lidocaine concentrations following skin application of 5% lidocaine patches. Two lidocaine patches were placed on the ventral abdominal midline of seven dogs for 72 hours. Lidocaine was detectable in plasma 12 hours after patch application, and it reached steady-state concentrations between 24 and 48 hours. Plasma lidocaine levels decreased dramatically at 60 hours post-application. Low plasma lidocaine concentrations remained for 6 hours after patch removal. No clinically significant side effects were noted.

Diurnal Fluctuations in Free and Total Plasma Concentrations of Carbamazepine at Steady-State and Correlation with Intermittent Side Effects in Epileptic Patients

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Riva ◽  
Fiorenzo Albani ◽  
Giovanni Ambrosetto ◽  
Manuela Contin ◽  
Pietro Cortelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Epileptic Patients ◽  
Diurnal Fluctuations

scholarly journals Fentanyl Plasma Concentrations after Application of a Transdermal Patch in Three Different Locations to Refine Postoperative Pain Management in Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mirschberger ◽  
Christian von Deimling ◽  
Anja Heider ◽  
Claudia Spadavecchia ◽  
Helene Rohrbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Fentanyl Patch ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Patch Application ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Patch Removal ◽  
Fentanyl Plasma Concentration

Transdermal patches allow a noninvasive and “stress free” analgesia in rabbits. As fentanyl uptake is dependent on exogenous and endogenous factors of the area where the patch is applied, this study investigated three different locations (neck, inner and outer surfaces of the ear) for fentanyl patch application to provide adequate and reliable fentanyl plasma concentrations above those previously shown to be analgesic. Fentanyl plasma concentration was measured at different time points (3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120 h) and rabbits were assessed for their general conditions and treatment-related side effects. Practicability of the proposed methods was evaluated. Following patch application on the neck, fentanyl plasma concentrations equal to or above the analgesic value were measured in all rabbits between 6 and 72 h. Comparable concentrations were reached between 9 and 48 h in all animals for the outer ear surface. However, for the inner ear surface, analgesic concentrations were not reached, even if practicability was considered the best for this location. Preparation of the neck skin was judged as the most cumbersome due to the clipping of the dense fur and patch removal resulted in erythema. In summary, the application of the fentanyl patch on the neck and outer ear surface allowed the reach of reliable plasma concentrations above the analgesic threshold in rabbits. When applied on the neck, fentanyl patches provided the longest duration of analgesic plasma concentrations, whereas patch application and removal were easier on the outer ear surface.

Plasma concentrations of lidocaine in dogs following lidocaine patch application over an incision compared to intact skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Joudrey ◽  
D. A. Robinson ◽  
M. T. Kearney ◽  
M. G. Papich ◽  
A. F. da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Patch Application ◽  
Lidocaine Patch

scholarly journals Impact on Antibiotic Resistance, Therapeutic Success, and Control of Side Effects in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of Daptomycin: A Scoping Review

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Carolina Osorio ◽  
Laura Garzón ◽  
Diego Jaimes ◽  
Edwin Silva ◽  
Rosa-Helena Bustos
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Favorable Clinical Outcome ◽  
And Control

Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a problem that threatens the search for adequate safe and effective antibiotic therapy against multi-resistant bacteria like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Clostridium difficile, among others. Daptomycin is the treatment of choice for some infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, indicated most of the time in patients with special clinical conditions where its high pharmacokinetic variability (PK) does not allow adequate plasma concentrations to be reached. The objective of this review is to describe the data available about the type of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) method used and described so far in hospitalized patients with daptomycin and to describe its impact on therapeutic success, suppression of bacterial resistance, and control of side effects. The need to create worldwide strategies for the appropriate use of antibiotics is clear, and one of these is the performance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM helps to achieve a dose adjustment and obtain a favorable clinical outcome for patients by measuring plasma concentrations of an administered drug, making a rational interpretation guided by a predefined concentration range, and, thus, adjusting dosages individually.

scholarly journals The critical role of T cells in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Song ◽  
Lijuan Cao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) are widely used clinically, despite the presence of significant side effects, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). While GC are believed to act directly on osteoblasts and osteoclasts to promote osteoporosis, the detailed underlying molecular mechanism of GC-induced osteoporosis is still not fully elucidated. Here, we show that lymphocytes play a pivotal role in regulating GC-induced osteoporosis. We show that GIOP could not be induced in SCID mice that lack T cells, but it could be re-established by adoptive transfer of splenic T cells from wild-type mice. As expected, T cells in the periphery are greatly reduced by GC; instead, they accumulate in the bone marrow where they are protected from GC-induced apoptosis. These bone marrow T cells in GC-treated mice express high steady-state levels of NF-κB receptor activator ligand (RANKL), which promotes the formation and maturation of osteoclasts and induces osteoporosis. Taken together, these findings reveal a critical role for T cells in GIOP.

A System for Individualized Dosing of Intravenous Aminophylline Using a Programmable Calculator

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
J. Chris Mitsuoka ◽  
Richard J. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Serum Sample ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Programmable Calculator ◽  
Concentration Determination ◽  
A Value ◽  
Individualized Dosing ◽  
History Of

A program that calculates a value of clearance for an individual patient prior to reaching steady state in the early stages of aminophylline therapy is presented. The program is written for the Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator and may be used with or without the PC-100C printer. The program can provide clinically useful information concerning projected plasma concentrations prior to reaching steady state with an accurate history of the dose administration and serum concentration determination. If the patient has not received xanthene therapy prior to admission, only one serum sample is required. If there has been prior drug exposure, a second serum sample is required. An iterative technique, which would be impractical to use without calculator assistance, is employed to make these determinations.

scholarly journals Prediction of steady-state verapamil plasma concentrations in children and adults

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Wagner ◽  
Albert P Rocchini ◽  
John Vasiliades
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Plasma Concentrations

scholarly journals Comparison of Plasma, Epithelial Lining Fluid, and Alveolar Macrophage Concentrations of Solithromycin (CEM-101) in Healthy Adult Subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 5076-5081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Rodvold ◽  
Mark H. Gotfried ◽  
J. Gordon Still ◽  
Kay Clark ◽  
Prabhavathi Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTThe steady-state concentrations of solithromycin in plasma were compared with concomitant concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from intrapulmonary samples during bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 30 healthy adult subjects. Subjects received oral solithromycin at 400 mg once daily for five consecutive days. Bronchoscopy and BAL were carried out once in each subject at either 3, 6, 9, 12, or 24 h after the last administered dose of solithromycin. Drug concentrations in plasma, ELF, and AM were assayed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Solithromycin was concentrated extensively in ELF (range of mean [± standard deviation] concentrations, 1.02 ± 0.83 to 7.58 ± 6.69 mg/liter) and AM (25.9 ± 20.3 to 101.7 ± 52.6 mg/liter) in comparison with simultaneous plasma concentrations (0.086 ± 0.070 to 0.730 ± 0.692 mg/liter). The values for the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0–24values) based on mean and median ELF concentrations were 80.3 and 63.2 mg · h/liter, respectively. The ratio of ELF to plasma concentrations based on the mean and median AUC0–24values were 10.3 and 10.0, respectively. The AUC0–24values based on mean and median concentrations in AM were 1,498 and 1,282 mg · h/L, respectively. The ratio of AM to plasma concentrations based on the mean and median AUC0–24values were 193 and 202, respectively. Once-daily oral dosing of solithromycin at 400 mg produced steady-state concentrations that were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in ELF (2.4 to 28.6 times) and AM (44 to 515 times) than simultaneous plasma concentrations throughout the 24-h period after 5 days of solithromycin administration.

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