scholarly journals Fentanyl Plasma Concentrations after Application of a Transdermal Patch in Three Different Locations to Refine Postoperative Pain Management in Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Mirschberger ◽  
Christian von Deimling ◽  
Anja Heider ◽  
Claudia Spadavecchia ◽  
Helene Rohrbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Postoperative Pain Management ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Fentanyl Patch ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Patch Application ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Patch Removal ◽  
Fentanyl Plasma Concentration

Transdermal patches allow a noninvasive and “stress free” analgesia in rabbits. As fentanyl uptake is dependent on exogenous and endogenous factors of the area where the patch is applied, this study investigated three different locations (neck, inner and outer surfaces of the ear) for fentanyl patch application to provide adequate and reliable fentanyl plasma concentrations above those previously shown to be analgesic. Fentanyl plasma concentration was measured at different time points (3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120 h) and rabbits were assessed for their general conditions and treatment-related side effects. Practicability of the proposed methods was evaluated. Following patch application on the neck, fentanyl plasma concentrations equal to or above the analgesic value were measured in all rabbits between 6 and 72 h. Comparable concentrations were reached between 9 and 48 h in all animals for the outer ear surface. However, for the inner ear surface, analgesic concentrations were not reached, even if practicability was considered the best for this location. Preparation of the neck skin was judged as the most cumbersome due to the clipping of the dense fur and patch removal resulted in erythema. In summary, the application of the fentanyl patch on the neck and outer ear surface allowed the reach of reliable plasma concentrations above the analgesic threshold in rabbits. When applied on the neck, fentanyl patches provided the longest duration of analgesic plasma concentrations, whereas patch application and removal were easier on the outer ear surface.

Plasma Concentrations of Lidocaine in Dogs Following Lidocaine Patch Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Ko ◽  
Ann Weil ◽  
Lara Maxwell ◽  
Takashi Kitao ◽  
Todd Haydon
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Patch Application ◽  
Transdermal Absorption ◽  
Plasma Lidocaine ◽  
Patch Removal ◽  
Lidocaine Patch ◽  
Clinically Significant

Transdermal absorption of lidocaine was determined by measuring plasma lidocaine concentrations following skin application of 5% lidocaine patches. Two lidocaine patches were placed on the ventral abdominal midline of seven dogs for 72 hours. Lidocaine was detectable in plasma 12 hours after patch application, and it reached steady-state concentrations between 24 and 48 hours. Plasma lidocaine levels decreased dramatically at 60 hours post-application. Low plasma lidocaine concentrations remained for 6 hours after patch removal. No clinically significant side effects were noted.

scholarly journals Case Report: Intoxication in a Pig (Sus Scrofa Domesticus) After Transdermal Fentanyl Patch Ingestion

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerneja Sredenšek ◽  
Maša Bošnjak ◽  
Urša Lampreht Tratar ◽  
Tina Kosjek ◽  
Maja Cemazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Fentanyl Patch ◽  
Transdermal Fentanyl ◽  
Transdermal Fentanyl Patch ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Fentanyl Plasma Concentration ◽  
Experimental Pigs

An experimental study on the effects of electroporation on pancreatic tissue was performed in pigs, and the fentanyl transdermal patch (FTP) was used postoperatively as part of multimodal pain management. Ingestion of an FTP, which resulted in fentanyl intoxication, was suspected 5 days after placement in one of the experimental pigs. The pig was first dysphoric, running in the stall, panting and vocalizing until it finally became depressed and it remained lying on the floor. Ingestion of an FTP was not observed but the fentanyl plasma concentration on the day of intoxication was 20.7 ng/ml, while at its peak after FTP administration it was only 0.492 ng/ml. The intoxication was successfully treated with a single intramuscular naloxone injection.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Profile of Fentanyl in the Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) after Intravenous Administration, and Absorption via a Transdermal Patch

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3550
Author(s):  
Fumie Tokonami ◽  
Benjamin Kimble ◽  
Merran Govendir
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fentanyl Patch ◽  
Transdermal Fentanyl ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Patch Application ◽  
Transdermal Fentanyl Patch

Fentanyl was administered as a single intravenous bolus injection at 5 µg/kg to five koalas and fentanyl plasma concentrations for a minimum of 2 h were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The median (range) fentanyl elimination half-life and clearance were 0.53 (0.38–0.91) h, and 10.01 (7.03–11.69) L/kg/h, respectively. Assuming an analgesic therapeutic plasma concentration of 0.23 ng/mL (extrapolated from human studies), an intravenous constant infusion rate was estimated at approximately between 1.7 to 2.7 µg/kg/h (using the clearance 95% confidence intervals). A transdermal fentanyl patch was applied to the antebrachium of an additional two koalas for 72 h. Fentanyl plasma concentrations were determined during the patch application and after patch removal at 80 h. The fentanyl plasma concentration was greater than 0.23 ng/mL after 12 to 16 h. While the patch was applied, the maximum fentanyl concentration was approximately 0.7 ng/mL from 32 to 72 h. Fentanyl plasma concentrations increased to 0.89 ng/mL 1 h after the patch was removed, and then decreased to a mean of 0.47 ng/mL at 80 h. The transdermal fentanyl patch is likely to provide some level of analgesia but should be initially co-administered with another faster acting analgesic for the first 12 h.

scholarly journals Impact of weight loss achieved through a multidisciplinary intervention on appetite in patients with severe obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. E91-E98 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Coutinho ◽  
J. F. Rehfeld ◽  
J. J. Holst ◽  
B. Kulseng ◽  
C. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
The Impact

The impact of lifestyle-induced weight loss (WL) on appetite in patients with obesity remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the short- and long-term impact of WL achieved by diet and exercise on appetite in patients with obesity. Thirty-five (22 females) adults with severe obesity (body mass index: 42.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2) underwent a 2-yr WL program focusing on diet and exercise. Body weight (BW), cardiovascular fitness (V̇o2max), appetite feelings, and plasma concentrations of insulin, active ghrelin (AG), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin (CCK), in the fasting and postprandial states, were measured at baseline (B), week 4 (W4), and 1 and 2 yr (and average values for all fasting and postprandial time points computed). BW was significantly reduced and V̇o2max(ml·kg−1·min−1) increased at all time points compared with B (3.5, 8.1, and 8.4% WL and 7, 11, and 8% increase at W4 and 1 and 2 yr, respectively). Basal hunger and average hunger and desire to eat were significantly increased at 1 and 2 yr. Basal fullness was significantly increased at W4, and average ratings were reduced at 1 yr. Average AG and PYY were significantly increased, and insulin was reduced, at all time points compared with B. Average GLP-1 was reduced at W4, and CCK was increased at 2 yr. After lifestyle-induced WL, patients with severe obesity will, therefore, have to deal with increased hunger in the long term. In conclusion, sustained WL at 2 yr achieved with diet and exercise is associated with increased hunger feelings and ghrelin concentration but also increased postprandial concentrations of satiety hormones.

Transdermal Patch Administration and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)—2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 001857872098713
Author(s):  
Janna Afanasjeva ◽  
Michael Gabay ◽  
Thomas Poznanski ◽  
Stefanie Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Prescribing Information

This is an update to the 2010 article published in Hospital Pharmacy on safety concerns involving transdermal patches and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since publication of the original article, new brand and generic transdermal medications have become available and notable changes regarding the presence or absence of metallic content among existing transdermal formulations occurred. To update the tables within the article, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved transdermal medications through October 2020 were researched in order to determine metallic content and procedures for reapplication after MRI, if applicable. Readers should consult the prescribing information or manufacturer for the most current information on use of transdermal medications in the MRI setting. Of note, manufacturers have not evaluated the use of transdermal products while patients undergo a MRI scan.

Skin Care Using Heparinoid Creams for Long-Term Treatment with Oxybutynin Transdermal Patches without Skin Irritation in Elderly OAB Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Luke Jackson ◽  
Jonathan Noah ◽  
Miguel Seth ◽  
Collin Jared
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Bladder Symptom ◽  
Overactive Bladder Symptom Score

Background: Overactive bladder is an age-related urologic disease. An oxybutynin transdermal patch is used to treat overactive bladder; however, long-term use is not advised because of potential adverse reactions at the site of application. The present study aimed to investigate the advantages of administering a combination of heparinoid cream and oxybutynin transdermal patch treatment for overactive bladder in elderly patients. Methods: Eight patients (>65 years of age) with overactive bladder were included. The heparinoid cream was applied topically for 1 week, and skin hydration and transepidermal water loss were quantified before and after application. Thereafter, patients were treated with a combination of an oxybutynin transdermal patch and a heparinoid cream for 12 weeks, and the sites of application were monitored for adverse reactions. Clinical effects of the combinatorial treatment were assessed based on the overactive bladder symptom score. Results: Application of the heparinoid cream did not decrease transepidermal water loss, but increased skin hydration and improved dryness. Oxybutynin transdermal patch therapy was not interrupted because no skin irritation was observed at the site of application for 12 weeks, and the overactive bladder symptom score decreased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusions: Combination treatment with an oxybutynin transdermal patch and a heparinoid cream improved treatment outcomes, suggesting that skin hydration with heparinoid cream is a promising treatment method to ensure appropriate use of oxybutynin transdermal patches in elderly patients with overactive bladders.

scholarly journals 1553. Human-Simulated Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Cefiderocol and Meropenem Are Conserved in Murine Models of Thigh Infection With or Without Iron Overload

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S567-S567
Author(s):  
James M Kidd ◽  
Kamilia Abdelraouf ◽  
David P Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Tissue Iron ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
And Control ◽  
Student’S T Test

Abstract Background A translational murine model of thigh infection with comorbid iron overload was previously developed to study the efficacy of iron-dependent siderophore-antibiotic conjugates under conditions where the hypoferremic response of innate immunity may be compromised. Given the potential for functional organ damage from excessive tissue iron, which could alter the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of antibiotics being compared for efficacy using this model, the effects of iron overload on a siderophore-β-lactam conjugate, cefiderocol (CFDC), and a non-siderophore β-lactam, meropenem (MEM), were studied. Methods Female CD-1 mice received iron dextran (Fe-D) 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 14 days as previously shown to produce vastly supranormal iron concentrations in serum, liver, and spleen (ASM Microbe 2019 abstract HMB-373). Age-matched control mice were not dosed with Fe-D. Mice were rendered neutropenic. On day 15, both thighs of iron-overloaded and control mice were inoculated intramuscularly with Acinetobacter baumannii suspensions of 107 CFU/mL. Two hours after inoculation, mice in each model were dosed with previously developed human-simulated regimens (HSR) of CFDC or MEM simulating human PK profiles after doses of 2g q8h (3 hours infusion) for both drugs. At 4 time points per regimen, 6 mice per model were sacrificed for blood collection. Plasma total MEM and CFDC concentrations were measured with HPLC and LC-MS-MS, respectively. Free concentrations were calculated with murine protein binding. At each time point, mean free concentrations in both models were compared using Student’s t-test. Results Observed murine-free plasma concentrations ± 95% CI of CFDC and MEM are overlaid with simulated human and murine profiles in the figure. In both models, these regimens approximated human exposures after clinical doses. For all time points and both drugs, concentrations were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between models with or without iron overload. Conclusion Iron overload did not significantly alter PK profiles of a siderophore-β-lactam conjugate, CFDC, or a non-siderophore β-lactam, MEM. These data support the use of CFDC and MEM HSR for pharmacodynamic studies utilizing both iron-overloaded and standard murine thigh infection models. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Maculopapular eruption to rivastigmine’s transdermal patch application and successful oral desensitization

Allergy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 925-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Makris ◽  
S. Koulouris ◽  
I. Koti ◽  
X. Aggelides ◽  
D. Kalogeromitros
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Patch ◽  
Patch Application ◽  
Maculopapular Eruption ◽  
Oral Desensitization

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Sequential Doses of Capreomycin Powder for Inhalation in Guinea Pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2612-2618 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Garcia-Contreras ◽  
Pavan Muttil ◽  
John K. Fallon ◽  
Mohan Kabadi ◽  
Robert Gerety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Insufficient Time

ABSTRACTThe global control of tuberculosis (TB) is at risk by the spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). Treatment of MDR TB is lengthy and involves injected drugs, such as capreomycin, that have severe side effects. It was previously reported that a single daily dose of inhaled capreomycin had a positive effect on the bacterial burden of TB-infected guinea pigs. The modest effect observed was possibly due to a dose that resulted in insufficient time of exposure to therapeutic systemic and local levels of the drug. In order to determine the length of time that systemic and local drug concentrations are above therapeutic levels during the treatment period, the present study investigated the disposition of capreomycin powders after sequential pulmonary administration of doses of 20 mg/kg of body weight. Capreomycin concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue of animals receiving a series of one, two, or three doses of capreomycin inhalable powder were significantly higher (50- to 100-fold) at all time points than plasma concentrations at the same time points or those observed in animals receiving capreomycin solution by intramuscular (i.m.) injection (10- to 100-fold higher). Notably, at the end of each dosing period, capreomycin concentrations in the lungs were approximately 100-fold higher than those in plasma and severalfold higher than the MIC, suggesting that sufficient capreomycin remains in the lung environment to killMycobacterium tuberculosis. No accumulation of capreomycin powder was detected in the lungs after 3 pulmonary doses. These results indicate that the systemic disposition of capreomycin after inhalation is the same as when injected i.m. with the advantage that higher drug concentrations are present at all times in the lungs, the primary site of infection.

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