scholarly journals Serological survey on Leptospirosis of cattle in Cu Chi, Ho Chi Minh City

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Mai C. Duong
Keyword(s):  
Herd Size ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Very High

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, especially in tropical countries. The purpose of this study to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira in cattle in Ho Chi Minh city. Serum samples from 446 animals were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 24 Leptospira serovars kits provided by Ho Chi Minh City Pasteur Institute. Results showed that seroprevalence of Leptospira at herd-level was 61.54%; and at individual-level was 31.17%. In which, the percentage of beef cattle (29.77%) infected with Leptospira was lower than that of dairy cattle (31.75%). Cattle from 2 to 3 years of age had the highest rate of Leptospira infection in was 37. 72%. According to herd size, the results found that medium-scale farming (from 25 to 50 animals) had the lowest seroprevalence rate with Leptospira spp. (28.65%). No significant differences were found among aged groups of cattle. There were a totally 7 serovars that were detected in cattle, in which, the two most popular serovars were L. Hardjo bovis (31.37%) and L. Hebdomadis (30.26%). There were twelve animals infected with four Leptospira serovars (8.63%); meanwhile, the majority of animals infected with one serovar were 42.45%. The ratio of positive animals at antibody titer of 1:200 was 53.70%. These results indicated a very high exposure of Cu Chi cattle to Leptospira spp. which consequently posed a definite risk for people working with cattle acquiring this zoonotic infection

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. Infection in Cattle from Central and Northern Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Theresa Schafbauer ◽  
Anou Dreyfus ◽  
Benedikt Hogan ◽  
Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy ◽  
Sven Poppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Very High

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, especially in tropical countries. The current Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in cattle from central and northern Madagascar is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence resulting from infections with pathogenic Leptospira spp. in zebu cattle from these areas. Serum samples from 194 animals were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 12 serovars as antigens. Samples with a titer of ≥1:100 were considered positive. The overall seroprevalence was 59.3% (95% CI; 52.0–66.2%) with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1600. Among the seropositive animals, the most frequent antibody reactions were against serovar L. Tarassovi (serogroup L. Tarassovi) with 40.2% (33.3–47.5%), followed by L. Hardjo (L. Sejroe) with 13.9% (9.5–19.8%), L. Grippotyphosa (L. Grippotyphosa) with 9.8% (6.2–15.1%), L. Pomona (L. Pomona) with 7.7% (4.5–12.7%) and L. Autumnalis (L. Autumnalis) with 5.2% (2.6–9.5%). Less than 5% of the samples reacted positively against the remaining serovars. These results indicate a very high exposure of Malagasy cattle to Leptospira spp. which, consequently, poses a definite risk for people working with cattle acquiring this zoonotic infection.

SEROPREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSPECIES PARATUBERCULOSIS IN FARMED GOATS IN CENTRAL-SOUTHERN TAIWAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Heng-Ching Lin ◽  
Wai How Chong ◽  
Han Hsiang Huang ◽  
Chi-Chung Chou ◽  
Yi-Lun Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Identification Rate ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Southern Taiwan

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) are Gram positive, aerobic, acid-fast, catalase positive bacteria. The Johne’s disease, caused by MAP, is a wasting disease found in all ruminants including cattle, sheep, goats, deer, camelids and wildlife ruminants. MAP has attracted hygienic attention due to the link between Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans and MAP presence in the gut of patients. The aims of this study are to investigate and monitor the serological prevalence and molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine feces and verify the MAP-negative goat farms in central-southern Taiwan. A total of 8486 blood samples were randomly collected between the years 2011 and 2015 from 321 caprine farms. The serum samples were assessed by commercial ELISA while 3015 fecal samples from 201 anti-MAP antibodies (MAP-Ab) negative herds were further molecularly examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from year 2014 to 2015. The individual seroprevalence rate of caprine MAP in 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was 0% (0/1032), 0% (0/429), 0% (0/1402), 0.14% (4/2917) and 0.07% (2/2706), respectively. Molecular identification rate of MAP in caprine fecal samples at MAP-Ab negative farms accounted for 0.92% (14/1515) and 0.93 (14/1500), respectively, in the years 2014 and 2015. Meanwhile, there was no association between the MAP seroprevalence and the sampling regions or years at farm or individual level. The seroprevalence data revealed in this study highlighted the rising prevalence of caprine MAP and the link of MAP to farmed ruminant species and its possible implications in hygienic aspects.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for Leptospira spp. in cattle herds in the south central region of Paraná state

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Y Hashimoto ◽  
Juliana A Dias ◽  
Kledir A.H Spohr ◽  
Maria C.P Silva ◽  
Maria G.B Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
South Central ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Control And Eradication

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and the risk factors for Leptospira spp. infection in breeding cattle herds in the south central region of Paraná state. It was based on the statistic delineation/serological samples and information regarding the selected farms employed in the study of bovine brucellosis for Paraná state in the context of National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis. A total of 1.880 females aged >24 months from 274 non vaccinated herds were studied. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira spp. using microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with 22 Leptospira serovars. The epidemiological questionnaire was applied on all the selected farms and aimed to obtain epidemiological data. Hundred eighty one of 274 herds were positive for Leptospira spp./presenting prevalence of positive herds of 66.06% (IC95%=60.12-71,65%). Presence of >43 cattle (OR=3.120; IC=1.418-6.867)/animal purchase (OR=2.010; IC=1.154-3.500)/rent of pastures (OR=2.925; IC=1.060-8.068) and presence of maternity paddock (OR=1.981; IC=1,068-3,676) were identified as risk factors for leptospirosis due to any serovar in the multivariate logistic regression. Risk factors for leptospirosis due to serovar Hardjo were presence of >43 cattle (OR=3.622; IC=1.512-8,677)/animal purchase (OR=3.143; IC=1.557-6.342)/rent of pastures (OR=4.070; IC=1.370-12.087) and presence of horses (OR=2.981; IC=1.321-6.726). These results indicate that Leptospira spp. infection is widespread in the south central region of Paraná state and that factors related to the herd characteristic and management are associated with the infection.

scholarly journals Low seroprevalence rates of Zika virus in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Ching Sam ◽  
Magelda Montoya ◽  
Chong Long Chua ◽  
Yoke Fun Chan ◽  
Andrew Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Binding Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Denv Serotypes ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Low Incidence

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) is believed to be endemic in Southeast Asia. However, there have been few Zika cases reported to date in Malaysia, which could be due to high pre-existing levels of population immunity. Methods To determine Zika virus (ZIKV) seroprevalence in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1085 serum samples from 2012, 2014–2015 and 2017 were screened for anti-ZIKV antibodies using a ZIKV NS1 blockade-of-binding assay. Reactive samples were confirmed using neutralization assays against ZIKV and the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. A sample was possible ZIKV seropositive with a ZIKV 50% neutralization (NT50) titre ≥20. A sample was probable ZIKV seropositive if, in addition, all DENV NT50 titres were <20 or the ZIKV NT50 titre was >4-fold greater than the highest DENV NT50 titre. Results We found low rates of possible ZIKV seropositivity (3.3% [95% confidence interval {CI} 2.4 to 4.6]) and probable ZIKV seropositivity (0.6% [95% CI 0.3 to 1.4]). Possible ZIKV seropositivity was independently associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.06], p<0.0001) and male gender (OR 3.5 [95% CI 1.5 to 8.6], p=0.005). Conclusions The low ZIKV seroprevalence rate, a proxy for population immunity, does not explain the low incidence of Zika in dengue-hyperendemic Kuala Lumpur. Other factors, such as the possible protective effects of pre-existing flavivirus antibodies or reduced transmission by local mosquito vectors, should be explored. Kuala Lumpur is at high risk of a large-scale Zika epidemic.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Ali Shabestari Asl ◽  
Mohammad Bafandehzendeh ◽  
Gholamreza Abdollahpoor
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance in human beings and many animals. This zoonotic disease causes infection in dogs and other pet animals and these animals can influence human’s health. Given the unknown prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in our area, this study was performed to investigate the sero-epidemiology of leptospirosis and evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars in both household and stray dogs by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Methods: Serum samples of 90 dogs in two household and stray groups (45 dogs for each group) were collected. Specimens were examined by MAT (in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO) against antigens of serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo, Autumnalis, and Ballum. Results: In total, 6.7% of (n=6) dogs (1 stray and 5 household dogs) had a serum titer of 1:100 or more against Leptospira serovars. Dominant serovars were Canicola (8.9%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), and Pomona (2.2%), respectively. The antibody titer against more than one serovar was observed only in one dog. The sero-prevalence was 11.1% in household dogs and 2.2% in stray dogs. Since 4 pet dogs had been vaccinated recently, it seems that the actual percentage of infection in household dogs must be just 2.2% and actual infection in dogs including stray dogs is approximately 4.4% in Tabriz. Conclusion: Fortunately, the rate of infection in Tabriz is low and this can be due to special geographical and climatic conditions, regular and annual vaccination of household dogs against this disease, and lack of suitable conditions for the growth and survival of such micro-organisms in the environment

Serological evidence for BVDV-1 infection in goats in Poland — Short communication

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Czopowicz ◽  
Jarosław Kaba ◽  
Horst Schirrmeier ◽  
Emilia Bagnicka ◽  
Olga Szaluś-Jordanow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Blocking Elisa ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

A serological survey was conducted in 2007 in the breeding goat population in Poland to gain insights into the epidemiology of pestivirus infection. All breeding herds were included in the study and representative serum samples were taken in each herd to evaluate herd-level seroprevalence at 10% expected individual-level prevalence and 95% level of confidence. Altogether 1060 serum samples from 49 herds were tested with blocking ELISA and then the positive and inconclusive results were confirmed in a serum neutralisation test, which also allowed us to determine the pestivirus species responsible for seroconversion. Herd-level seroprevalence proved to be 10.2% and bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) was responsible for the seroconversion in seven out of eight cases. In the remaining serum sample the causative virus could not be identified due to a pronounced cross-neutralising activity possibly derived from multiple infections. This is the first report on the diagnosis of BVDV-1 infection in Polish goats.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Failure of Passive Transfer of Immunity in Dairy Calves in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Staněk ◽  
Eliška Nejedlá ◽  
Petr Fleischer ◽  
Alena Pechová ◽  
Soňa Šlosárková
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Prevalence of failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunity remains relatively high worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the FPT prevalence in Czech dairy calves and to evaluate the selected factors – breed, herd size, sex of calves, single versus twin births and the influence of the season of birth. A total of 1,175 serum samples were taken from calves of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breed from 33 herds between October 2015 and October 2017. Serum IgG concentration was determined by reference method for IgG determination – radial immunodiffusion. Statistical evaluation was performed by Kruskal‑Wallis test. The concentration of IgG ranged from 1.5 to 46.6 g/L with average value 13.7 g/L and was significantly influenced by breed, size of the herd and season. Using the criterion IgG < 10 g/L, it was found that 34.6 % of calves had FPT. The prevalence of FPT by breed was 42.9 % vs. 24.2 % (Czech Fleckvieh vs. Holstein), by size of the herd 45.0, 44.4, 25.5 and 22.0 % (< 200, 200–399, 400–599 and ≥ 600 cows per herd, respectively) and by season 25.3, 34.6, 29.9 and 52.5 % (spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively). The sex of calves was not found to be a statistically significant factor. The study in newborn calves showed that FPT is still an important problem in Czech dairy herds, especially in the Czech Fleckvieh breed. In smaller herds and especially in the winter, the prevalence of FPT was very high.

Abstract P426: Association of Serum Soy Isoflavones with Metabolic Markers in Japanese Men and Women

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhobert W Evans ◽  
Akira Sekikawa ◽  
Takashi Kadowaki ◽  
Abhishek Vishnu ◽  
Sayaka Kadowaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Soy isoflavones may have beneficial roles as antioxidants and phytoestrogens. Dietary intake varies widely across populations: very high in Japan but low in North America. We measured the concentrations of daidzein and genistein in the serum of Japanese men and women and evaluated their associations with metabolic markers. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from a population based sample of 94 Japanese men (mean age 45.3), and 142 Japanese women (mean age 66.6; 97% were post-menopausal). Isoflavones were analyzed after extraction and derivatization using GC-MS. Concentrations of daidzein and genistein were summed to obtain total isoflavone concentrations. Results: Isoflavone concentrations were very high among the Japanese. Median values (nM) for men: 558, 452 and 86 and for women 660, 494 and 150 (total isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, respectively). Spearman correlation coefficients for the isoflavones with multiple outcomes among Japanese men and women are shown in the table. No significant (p<0.05) associations were observed among the men but borderline negative associations were observed for total isoflavones (p=0.063) and genistein (p=0.063) with LDLc. Among women there was a significant association between total isoflavones (p=0.041) and daidzein (p=0.006) with HDLc. Borderline significant associations were also observed for total isoflavones (p=0.068) and genistein (p=0.061) with glucose. Discussion: The concentrations of isoflavones are high in the Japanese, approximately 50 times greater than those of N. Americans. Associations between the isoflavones and various outcomes were very weak for the Japanese men. This possibly reflects a plateau of isoflavone concentration has been reached that precludes observing any associations. Although, many correlations were calculated the positive associations of total isoflavones and daidzein with HDLc among women may be real. HDLc concentrations are high in Japanese women which may reflect the estrogenic actions of isoflavones.

Teenagers' Socio and Cultural Values

2015 ◽  
pp. 60-81
Author(s):  
Georg Dutschke ◽  
Julio Garcia del Junco ◽  
Francisco Espansandín-Bustelo ◽  
Mariana Dutschke ◽  
Beatriz Palacios Florencio
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Academic Performance ◽  
Very High

Investigations related to national culture and young are becoming more important (Brown et al., 2002; Larson, 2011). Gelhaar et al. (2007) state that “there is great concern about the poor academic performance and wiling to entrepreneurship of the adolescents and young adults in European countries, especially in the southern regions, where youth unemployment is very high”. For Iberia it's very important that adolescents and young adults have the want to become entrepreneurs, by developing new projects but, mainly, by having entrepreneurship as a purpose for their professional life. Entrepreneurship should be developed both at an individual level and within the organizations. It´s key to achive success, since originates innovation, both incremental and disruptive. This exploratory research aims to identify the relations between teenagers' socio and cultural values and their want to become entrepreneurs. In concrete, if socio and cultural dimensions identified by Hofstede and Minkov (2010) are related with the want to become entrepreneur.

Cardiovascular risk estimation at the individual level

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 846-863
Author(s):  
Yvo M. Smulders ◽  
Marie-Therese Cooney ◽  
Ian Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Estimation

The absolute benefit of any measure to prevent cardiovascular disease, be it lifestyle improvement or pharmacological therapy, depends on the baseline cardiovascular risk. This risk cannot be assessed exactly, but only be estimated because many known risk determinants cannot be accounted for in existing risk scoring systems, and because the application to an individual of risk estimates derived from populations is imprecise. Several cardiovascular risk estimation methods are available, and the European Society of Cardiology has favoured the European-based Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system as a basis for their cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines. SCORE estimates absolute 10-year cardiovascular mortality risk. In specific circumstances, estimation of relative risk, risk age, or lifetime risk may be considered. High- and very-high-risk population are defined by SCORE risks greater than 5% and greater than 10%, respectively, or by clinical conditions conferring (very) high risk, such as existing cardiovascular disease or chronic kidney disease. The role of additional risk information on top of the information entered in SCORE is generally limited. In particular, markers of early cardiovascular damage should be collected and interpreted with caution. Absolute cardiovascular risks in young and elderly individuals are almost always low or very high, respectively, and the options for appropriate interpretation and management of these risks are discussed.

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