scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. Infection in Cattle from Central and Northern Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2014
Author(s):  
Theresa Schafbauer ◽  
Anou Dreyfus ◽  
Benedikt Hogan ◽  
Raphael Rakotozandrindrainy ◽  
Sven Poppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Very High

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, especially in tropical countries. The current Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in cattle from central and northern Madagascar is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence resulting from infections with pathogenic Leptospira spp. in zebu cattle from these areas. Serum samples from 194 animals were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 12 serovars as antigens. Samples with a titer of ≥1:100 were considered positive. The overall seroprevalence was 59.3% (95% CI; 52.0–66.2%) with titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1600. Among the seropositive animals, the most frequent antibody reactions were against serovar L. Tarassovi (serogroup L. Tarassovi) with 40.2% (33.3–47.5%), followed by L. Hardjo (L. Sejroe) with 13.9% (9.5–19.8%), L. Grippotyphosa (L. Grippotyphosa) with 9.8% (6.2–15.1%), L. Pomona (L. Pomona) with 7.7% (4.5–12.7%) and L. Autumnalis (L. Autumnalis) with 5.2% (2.6–9.5%). Less than 5% of the samples reacted positively against the remaining serovars. These results indicate a very high exposure of Malagasy cattle to Leptospira spp. which, consequently, poses a definite risk for people working with cattle acquiring this zoonotic infection.

scholarly journals Serological survey on Leptospirosis of cattle in Cu Chi, Ho Chi Minh City

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Mai C. Duong
Keyword(s):  
Herd Size ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Very High

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance, especially in tropical countries. The purpose of this study to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira in cattle in Ho Chi Minh city. Serum samples from 446 animals were tested by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of 24 Leptospira serovars kits provided by Ho Chi Minh City Pasteur Institute. Results showed that seroprevalence of Leptospira at herd-level was 61.54%; and at individual-level was 31.17%. In which, the percentage of beef cattle (29.77%) infected with Leptospira was lower than that of dairy cattle (31.75%). Cattle from 2 to 3 years of age had the highest rate of Leptospira infection in was 37. 72%. According to herd size, the results found that medium-scale farming (from 25 to 50 animals) had the lowest seroprevalence rate with Leptospira spp. (28.65%). No significant differences were found among aged groups of cattle. There were a totally 7 serovars that were detected in cattle, in which, the two most popular serovars were L. Hardjo bovis (31.37%) and L. Hebdomadis (30.26%). There were twelve animals infected with four Leptospira serovars (8.63%); meanwhile, the majority of animals infected with one serovar were 42.45%. The ratio of positive animals at antibody titer of 1:200 was 53.70%. These results indicated a very high exposure of Cu Chi cattle to Leptospira spp. which consequently posed a definite risk for people working with cattle acquiring this zoonotic infection

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and distribution of serogroup-specific pathogenic Leptospira antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1212-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha Alamuri ◽  
Sushma R. A. Thirumalesh ◽  
S. Sowjanya Kumari ◽  
K. Vinod Kumar ◽  
Parimal Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leptospira Serovars

Aim: In this study, the prevalence and the distribution status of Leptospira serogroup-specific antibodies among cattle and buffaloes in enzootic districts of Andhra Pradesh, a South Indian state was carried out. Materials and Methods: A total of 426 serum samples were randomly sampled from various villages from Prakasam, Kurnool, Guntur, Chittoor, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, and Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh between 2016 and 2017. Serum samples from cattle (n=106) and buffaloes (n=320) having a history of pyrexia, and reproductive problems such as agalactia, infertility, abortions, and stillbirth. The serum samples were screened for Leptospira-specific antibodies by microscopic agglutination test using a reference panel of 18 live cultures of pathogenic Leptospira serovars. Results: The overall seropositivity of 68.08% (290/426) was observed with 70.8% (75/106) in cattle and 67.18% (215/320) in buffaloes. The frequency distribution of predominant serogroup-specific Leptospira antibodies in the sampled areas was determined against the employed serovars as follows: Icterohaemorrhagiae - 21.38%, Hebdomadis - 18.97%, Australis - 18.62%, Pomona - 17.24%, Sejroe - 15.86%, Tarassovi - 15.86%, Autumnalis - 15.52%, Panama - 14.83%, Shermani - 12.07%, Javanica - 11.38%, Hurstbridge - 11.03%, and Pyrogenes - 10.69%. Conclusion: It was evident that bovines had a role in maintaining several predominant Leptospira serovars with the change in the trend over a period. The results from this study would also help in strategizing and mitigating the disease burden in cattle and buffaloes of the enzootic area. Keywords: buffaloes, cattle, distribution of serovars, leptospirosis, microscopic agglutination test, seroprevalence.

scholarly journals Presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in captive yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis) in the Eastern Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Maria Santos Miranda ◽  
Katarine de Souza Rocha ◽  
Louysse Helene Monteiro ◽  
Ianny Watuzy Monteiro Baia ◽  
Thamillys Rayssa Marques Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Region ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Podocnemis Unifilis ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
River Turtles

ABSTRACT: We describe anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinin in yellow-spotted river turtles (Podocnemis unifilis)in the Amazon region. Ninety-eight serum samples from individuals housed at the Bosque Rodrigues Alves Zoobotanical Garden of Amazonia, Belém, PA, Brazil, were subject to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using 19 different Leptospira spp. antigen serogroups. Thirty-four of the 98 samples (35%) were reactive, with titers ranging from 100 to 3200, and eight 8 reactive samples (23.5%) co-agglutinated under two or more serovars.The most common serogroup was Hebdomadis (26.9%, 7/26), followed by Semaranga (23%, 6/26), Shermani (19.2%, 5/26), Djasiman (11.5%, 3/26), and Australis (7.7%, 2/26); Bataviae, Javanica, and Sejroewere represented by a single sample each (3.9%). The presence of turtles reactive to anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies implies exposure to the pathogen.

scholarly journals Evidence of exposure to Leptospira spp. in dogs at a zoonosis control center in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mírian Da Rocha Albuquerque ◽  
Thalita Amaral dos Reis ◽  
Katarine De Souza Rocha ◽  
Jacqueline Da Silva Brito ◽  
Gleiciane Schupp De Sena Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Prior Contact

Evidence of exposure to Leptospira spp. in dogs housed in the kennel of the Zoonosis Control Center of Belém, Pará, Brazil, was investigated. Whole blood and serum samples from 145 dogs were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microscopic agglutination test (MAT), respectively. A total of 64.14% of the dogs were found to be seropositive for Leptospira spp., with the most frequent serogroup being Djasiman (39.73%). However, PCR results revealed that all of the dogs were negative for Leptospira spp. DNA. Although the results of the study suggest the animals did not currently have leptospires in blood, they only show circulating anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, implying prior contact with the bacteria.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Household and Stray Dogs by Microscopic Agglutination Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Ali Shabestari Asl ◽  
Mohammad Bafandehzendeh ◽  
Gholamreza Abdollahpoor
Keyword(s):  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Leptospira Serovars ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide significance in human beings and many animals. This zoonotic disease causes infection in dogs and other pet animals and these animals can influence human’s health. Given the unknown prevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in our area, this study was performed to investigate the sero-epidemiology of leptospirosis and evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira serovars in both household and stray dogs by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Methods: Serum samples of 90 dogs in two household and stray groups (45 dogs for each group) were collected. Specimens were examined by MAT (in accordance with the procedure recommended by WHO) against antigens of serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo, Autumnalis, and Ballum. Results: In total, 6.7% of (n=6) dogs (1 stray and 5 household dogs) had a serum titer of 1:100 or more against Leptospira serovars. Dominant serovars were Canicola (8.9%), Grippotyphosa (2.2%), and Pomona (2.2%), respectively. The antibody titer against more than one serovar was observed only in one dog. The sero-prevalence was 11.1% in household dogs and 2.2% in stray dogs. Since 4 pet dogs had been vaccinated recently, it seems that the actual percentage of infection in household dogs must be just 2.2% and actual infection in dogs including stray dogs is approximately 4.4% in Tabriz. Conclusion: Fortunately, the rate of infection in Tabriz is low and this can be due to special geographical and climatic conditions, regular and annual vaccination of household dogs against this disease, and lack of suitable conditions for the growth and survival of such micro-organisms in the environment

scholarly journals Prevalence and spatial analysis of antileptospiral agglutinins in dairy cattle - Microregion of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 2009/2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Nicolino ◽  
L.B. Lopes ◽  
R.O. Rodrigues ◽  
J.F.B. Teixeira ◽  
J.P.A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Herd Prevalence ◽  
Lactating Cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in the dairy herds from Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the years 2009 and 2010. A total of 2,915 serum samples were collected from the lactating cows of 151 properties in eleven municipalities located in the Sete Lagoas region. The Microscopic Agglutination Test was used to detect antileptospiral agglutinins. An individual animal prevalence of 20.7% (95% CI = 17.1% - 24.3%) and a herd prevalence of 80.8% (95% CI = 73.8% = 87.7%) were determined. The most prevalent serovars were hardjoprajitno at 19.4%; hardjoprajitnostrain Norma at 17.4%; and hardjo-bovis at 17.4%. These results show the significance of the hardjo serovar in bovine leptospirosis cases in Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals Prevalencia de leptospirosis en perros de trabajo vacunados y en población humana con riesgo ocupacional

Biomédica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supl. 1) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
César A. Murcia ◽  
Miryam Astudillo ◽  
Marlyn H. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Leptospira Spp

Introducción. Los perros de trabajo pueden infectarse con diversas serovariedades de Leptospira que se mantienen en sus túbulos renales e intersticios por mucho tiempo, por lo que se convierten en portadores y fuentes de infección para otros huéspedes.Objetivo. Establecer la prevalencia de Leptospira spp. en perros de trabajo vacunados y en población humana con riesgo ocupacional de seis unidades policiales en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Mediante tres instrumentos estructurados, se evaluaron 92 perros de trabajo con inmunización previa contra Leptospira spp. (65 machos y 27 hembras) y 69 personas de seis unidades policiales de los municipios de Manizales, Pereira, Armenia, Ibagué, Tuluá y Cali. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas de las personas y de los perros, las cuales se evaluaron mediante la prueba de microaglutinación (Microscopic Agglutination Test, MAT) en 24 serogrupos. Se hizo un examen clínico de los perros y se obtuvieron muestras de orina para urocultivo.Resultados. La seroprevalencia de leptospirosis en las personas fue de 2,9 % (n=2) y en los perros de 57,61 % (n=53). Los serogrupos más prevalentes en los perros fueron Leptospira canicola y L. panama. El urocultivo fue positivo en 58,7 % (54/92) de las muestras y se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad de los perros (≥10 años; p=0,043) y la ubicación de la unidad policial (p=0,016).Conclusión. Las características epidemiológicas de la leptospirosis en los perros sugieren una presentación endémica de la infección. Se requieren algoritmos diagnósticos sensibles y específicos para investigar la leptospirosis canina y diferenciar los anticuerpos vacunales de la infección natural.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and distribution of leptospiral serovars in livestock (cattle, goats, and sheep) in flood-prone Kelantan, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Siti Khairani Bejo ◽  
Zunita Zakaria ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Mohd Azri Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Serum Samples

AbstractIntroductionLeptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals, the occurrence of which increases markedly during and after heavy rainfall and flooding. The aim of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of leptospiral infection in livestock after a voluminous flood in 10 districts of the Malaysian state of Kelantan.Material and MethodsIn December 2014, Kelantan was hit by an extensive flood. A total of 1,728 serum samples were collected from livestock from the state, comprised of 1,024 from cattle, 366 from goats and 338 from sheep, and they were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).ResultsAltogether, 203 (11.75%; 203/1728; 95% CI: 10.20%–13.30%) of the tested sera were found to be positive serologically. Cattle had the highest prevalence of 14.16% (145/1024), while goats and sheep had 11.20% (41/366) and 5.03% (17/338) respectively. The most frequent serovars detected were Hardjo-bovis (3.70%; 64/1728), Hebdomadis (2.08%; 36/1728) and Pomona (1.04%; 18/1728). There was a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between livestock that were exposed to the flood and seropositivity.ConclusionThis study showed that flood is a risk factor that can play a role in the epidemiology of leptospiral infection in livestock.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ANTI-LEPTOSPIRA SPP. ANTIBODIES IN SWINE SLAUGHTERED IN THE PUBLIC SLAUGHTERHOUSE OF PATOS CITY, PARAÍBA STATE, NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
S.S. Azevedo ◽  
R.M. Oliveira ◽  
C.J. Alves ◽  
D.M. Assis ◽  
S.F. Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
Serologic Diagnosis ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Serologic Survey

ABSTRACT A serologic survey was conducted among 131 swine slaughtered in the public slaughterhouse of Patos city, Northeast region of Brazil, to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins. For serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was carried out using live cultures of 22 pathogenic and two saprophytic Leptospira spp. serovars. The most frequent serovar was found crossing the results of frequency and titer of agglutinins, and sera presenting equal titers for two or more serovars were not considered for this analysis. Of the 131 swine analyzed, 44 were seropositive for at least one Leptospira spp. serovar, resulting in a seroprevalence of 33.6% (95% CI = 25.5% 42.4%). The most frequent serovar was Pomona, with 38 (29.0%; 95% CI = 21.4% 37.6%) reactant sera. Other reactant serovars and respective prevalence were: Pyrogenes (2.3%; 95% CI = 0.5% 6.5%), Canicola (1.5%; 95% CI = 0.2% 5.4%) and Shermani (0.8%; 95% CI = 0.02% 4.2%). There was statistical difference in seroprevalence to serovar Pomona compared with others reactant serovars (P < 0.0001).

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