Effects of Dacryodes edulis Leaf Extract on Pain and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
C.N. Okwesileze ◽  
◽  
G.A. Essiet ◽  
I.C. Okwesileze ◽  
F.V. Udoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Animal Research Ethics ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Ear Oedema ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis

Background: Dacryodes edulis leaf extract is used in traditional settings in management of many disease conditions including pain and inflammation. However, these empirical claims have not been evaluated scientifically. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Dacryodes edulis on pain and inflammation using rodents. Materials and Methods: Writhing test using acetic acid for induction of pain and tail-immersion in temperature controlled water were used to study the effect on pain sensation while xylene-induced ear oedema and carrageenan-induced paw oedema were used for the effect of Dacryodes edulis on inflammation. Male mice divided into seven groups and three different doses of extract viz,100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg based on the results of the acute toxicity study and the mean effective dose study, ED50 were used for the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar Animal Research Ethics Committee with number: 012PA31116. Results: 400mg/kg extract showed significant analgesic activity having 75% inhibition of pain in the writhing test while aspirin showed 80% inhibition of pain. The extract also significantly (p<0.05) prolonged flick latency period comparable to morphine in tail immersion test. The extract caused 72% inhibition of xylene induced ear oedema compared to 91% of dexamethasone. Similarly it showed comparable activity (p<0.05) with aspirin in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Conclusion: Dacryodes edulis leaf extract has activity against pain and inflammation. This validates its application in management of inflammation and pain in local settings.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri (Araliaceae) in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Ighodaro Igbe ◽  
Osaze Edosuyi ◽  
Agbonlahor Okhuarobo ◽  
Adarki Pongri ◽  
Nkechi Maduako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ear Oedema

Summary Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Syria. Potato tuber moth Cussonia barteri is a small tree that grows in the sub-Saharan part of Africa. Various parts of the plant are used for the treatment of a variety of ailments in ethno-medicine. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri. Material and methods: The leaves were air-dried, powdered and repeatedly extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, xylene-induced ear oedema and formalin-induced arthritis tests. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced mouse writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests. Results: All doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, however the 400 mg/kg dose gave a sustained effect. The extract significantly inhibited xylene induced ear oedema at all doses. There were no significant (p>0.05) reductions in paw swellings due to formalin. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased writhing at 400 mg/kg only. Reaction times were not significantly different from the control in the hot plate and tail flick tests. Conclusion: This study has shown that the methanol extract possesses acute anti-inflammatory and peripherally mediated analgesic effects.

scholarly journals Analgesic Effects of Thiamine in Male Long Evans Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayema Ainan ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Taskina Ali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Significant Decrement ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: The concept of analgesic effects of thiamine along with other B vitamins has been supported since long by various clinical and experimental evidences, though effects of individual thiamine on pain are yet to be clearly demonstrated.Objective: To assess the effects of increasing doses of thiamine supplementation on pain.Methods: Forty-eight (48) male Long Evans rats (200±20 gm) were given thiamine (100, 200, 250, mg/kg/day; experimental) or normal saline (5 ml/kg/day; control) intraperitonealy (i.p) for 7 consecutive days. The analgesic activity was evaluated by three experimental pain models, hot (52±0.50C) water tail immersion test, the interphase (6th-15th minutes) of formalin (50?l, 2.5%, subcutaneous) test and acetic acid (2%, i.p) induced writhing test. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test and p?0.05 was considered as significant.Results: In tail immersion test, %MPE significantly increased after 200 (p?0.05) and 250 (p?0.001) mg/kg of thiamine. In the formalin test, thiamine significantly lowered the jerking frequency (p?0.05, p?0.001, p?0.001, respectively) and duration of flexing and licking (p?0.001, in all doses), compared to control. In addition, in writhing test, significant increment in latency of appearance of 1st writhe (p?0.001, in higher 2 doses) and significant decrement in frequency of writhes (p?0.01, p?0.001, p?0.001, respectively, in all doses) were observed.Conclusion: The results of this study conclude that, repetitive administration of thiamine may cause alleviation of pain through central as well as peripheral inhibitory mechanisms, which is dose dependent as well.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2017, June; 12(1): 1-9

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Diethyl Ether and n-Hexane Extract of Polyalthia suberosa Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelufar Yasmen ◽  
Md. Abdullah Aziz ◽  
Afsana Tajmim ◽  
Mst. Irin Akter ◽  
Amit Kumar Hazra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Ear Edema ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In folk medicine, Polyalthia suberosa is used as abortifacient, laxative, febrifuge analgesic, filler of tooth cavities, and anti-HIV drug and for rheumatism and various skin infections. The present study was directed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of diethyl ether and n-hexane extracts of Polyalthia suberosa leaves (PSDE and PSNH). A variety of tests including formalin-induced paw licking test, acetic acid induced writhing test, and tail immersion test were used to assess the analgesic activity. In addition, xylene-induced ear edema test was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of PSDE and PSNH. PSDE and PSNH at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses expressed analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activities in mice. In formalin-induced paw licking test, acetic acid induced writhing test, and xylene-induced ear edema test, the extracts exhibited significant inhibition (P⁎<0.05 versus control) of pain and inflammation. Alternatively, in tail immersion test, PSDE 400 mg/kg showed significant (P⁎<0.05 versus control) latency at 30 min but another tested sample had no significant latency. From this study, it could be shown that Polyalthia suberosa leaves may contain analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents which support its use in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Study of analgesic effect of earthworm extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Luo ◽  
Zhen-han Deng ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Guo Cheng ◽  
Ronak Naveenchandra Kotian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Inhibition Ratio ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Major Clinical Problem

Pain represents a major clinical problem and one which has exercised generations of healthcare professionals. Earthworms are used as a traditional Chinese medicine, and have been applied pharmacologically and clinically since a long time in China. However, the analgesic effects of earthworm extract (EE) are seldom studied. Hence, we evaluated the analgesic effects of EE in mice. The obtained data showed that EE increased pain threshold and exhibited peripheral but not central analgesic effects in mice; evidenced by increased inhibition ratio in acetic acid writhing test and formalin test, whereas only slight increase in inhibition ratio in hot plate test and tail immersion test. In addition, EE decreased serum norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) concentration, similar to other analgesic drugs like morphine and aspirin. In a nutshell, the obtained data have demonstrated that EE has peripheral analgesic properties and could be used as a promising analgesic drug.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of Amaranthus viridis Linn. in different experimental models

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
K. Lakshman ◽  
K.N. Jayaveera ◽  
Sheshadri Shekar ◽  
C. Vivek
Keyword(s):  
Immersion Test ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Editorial Decision ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Font Color

The methanolic extract of the whole plant extract of Amaranthus viridis L (MEAV) was screened for antinociceptive activity using the acetic acid writhing test, hot plate test and tail immersion test in mice and for antipyretic activity using the yeast-induced pyrexia method in rats, at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Significant (p<0.01) dose-dependent antinociceptive and antipyretic properties were observed with 200 and 400 mg/kg. <br><br><b><font color="red">Detected autoplagiarism. Link to the Editorial Decision <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1004251U">10.2298/ABS1004251U</a></u></font></b><br>

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum in experimental mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Uka ◽  
Efosa Godwin Ewere ◽  
Grace Sylvester Effiong
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ear Oedema

Anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (ELESJ) was assessed in-vivo in mice by using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, egg albumin-induced paw oedema, and xylene-induced ear oedema model at doses of 474.34, 948.68, and 1423.03 mg/kgbw respectively. A total of seventy-five matured mice of both sexes weighing between 20 g and 24 g (divided into three groups of 25 mice each for the 3 different studies) were used for this study. Treatment was done intraperitoneally. Distilled water (10 mL/kgbw), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/kgbw) or dexamethasone (4 mg/kgbw) served as the normal and standard drugs respectively. The results showed that ELESJ produced significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent and time-dependent reductions in mean paw thickness in groups III-V compared with control group. Similarly, the extract caused a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and egg-albumin induced paw oedema (34.49%, 36.71%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg), comparable with the anti-inflammatory effects of the standard drug ASA (34.69%, 31.54%). The ELESJ also caused significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent decreases in xylene-induced ear oedema weight in all the test groups relative to control group and standard drug group. In addition, ELESJ showed a dose-dependent percentage inhibitory effect (44%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg) comparable with that of the standard drug, dexamethasone (48%). The results obtained from this study support the use of the leaf in folk medicine as it has significant anti-inflammatory properties and this may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the leaf.

Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Fam: Fabaceae) Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Israt Jahan Bulbul ◽  
Sumaiya Binta Fashiuddin ◽  
Mohammad R Haque ◽  
Md Zakir Sultan ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
External Application ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Crotalaria Pallida ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Family: Fabaceae) leaves based on its traditional uses in the treatment of urinary disorders, external application as a poultice to treat painful swelling of joints and to reduce fever. The anti-nociceptive effect was assessed in mice using acetic acidinduced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking and tail immersion assays. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats. In acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at different doses (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg bw) significantly (p<0.001) and dose-dependently reduced pain by 37.50% and 47.70%, respectively. The extract also significantly inhibited formalininduced paw licking in mice at both the early and late phases. In the tail immersion test, the extract caused a significant inhibition of pain (64.91% inhibition after 4 hrs) at a dose of 100 mg/kg. C. pallida exhibited a considerable inhibition of paw oedema development in the carrageenan-induced oedema test. The findings of the study suggested that C. pallida leaves have significant anti-nociceptive and antiinflammatory effects, confirming the traditional uses of this plant in the treatment of various diseases associated with pain and inflammation.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 165-171, 2017

scholarly journals Anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the ethanol root bark extract of Salacia lehmbachii in rats and mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Subarna Akuodor G. C. ◽  
Ohadoma S. C. ◽  
Ofor C. C. ◽  
Megwas A. U. ◽  
Chukwu L. C. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ear Oedema

Background: The decoction of the roots of Salacia lehmbachi is used in traditional medicine for the treatment different diseases such as malaria pains diabetes and microbial infections.Methods: Phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity tests were carried out on the ethanol root extract of the plant. Anti-nocicetive activity using acetic acid induced writhing and tail immersion method in mice, anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced paw oedema in rats and xylene induced ear oedema test in mice and antipyretic activity using Brewer’s yeast and D-amphetamine induced pyrexia in rats were determined at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of the root extract.Results: The ethanol root extract contain alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The oral acute toxicity tests was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. The root extract and the standard drug (Aspirin) significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) decreased the number of writhes caused by acetic acid. The extract and morphine significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.01) prolonged reaction time in tail immersion model. The extract produced significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) dose dependent inhibition of oedema which was comparable to aspirin in carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The root extract also demonstrated significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) effect in xylene induced mouse ear oedema test compared to dexamethasone. The extract significantly decreased high temperature in both Brewer’s yeast and d-amphetamine induced pyrexia.Conclusions: Findings show that S. lehmbachii may provide a good source of plant compounds with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities.

scholarly journals Potential Antinociceptive Effects of Chinese Propolis and Identification on Its Active Compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Sun ◽  
Lei Liao ◽  
Bei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Flavonoid Composition ◽  
Chinese Propolis

Propolis is an important bee product which has been applied to the treatment of several diseases. The aim of this study was to understand the material basis of Chinese propolis on pain relief; different Chinese propolis fractions (40W, 40E, 70E, and 95E raw propolis extracted followed by 40%, 70%, or 95% ethanol) were prepared, and their antinociceptive effects were evaluated. By analyzing using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, we showed that 40W was rich in phenolic acids, like caffeic acid, while 40E, 70E, and 95E have relatively high levels in flavonoids, like galangin, pinocembrin, and chrysin. Notably, chrysin amounts in 70E and 95E are much higher than those in 40E fraction. Antinociceptive effects by these propolis fractions were evaluated in mice using acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, and tail immersion test, respectively. We noticed that only 40E fraction showed a significant reduction on acetic acid-induced writhing test. Importantly, in the hot plate test, all groups showed their effectiveness, except for the 70E group. We also noticed that 40W, 40E, and 95E administration caused an increase in the tail withdrawal latency of the mice. These data suggested that the different antinociceptive effects of different fractions from Chinese propolis extracts are directly link to their flavonoid composition.

Analgesic Effectivty Of Nanoparticles Chitosan-Ethanol Leaf Extract Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) In White Male Mice (Mus Mucculus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Juliferd Gredi ◽  
Wintari Taurina ◽  
Mohamad Andrie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
White Male ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Optimal Formula

Papaya leaves has been shown to have efficacy as an analgesic. Analgesic effect caused by the flavonoids in leaves of papaya. To enhance the analgesic effi cacy papaya into dosage formulatio of nanoparticles. The purpose of this research was to create and characterized nanoparticles from ethanol extract of papaya leaves then tested for effectiveness as an analgesic. This study used polymer chitosan and NaTPP to created nanoparticles through ionic gelation method and analgesic activity tested using writhing test method and statistical tested. Optimal formula of nanoparticles were produced at concentration of 0.2% chitosan, Na-TPP extract 0.1% and 4% with a ratio of 6: 1: 1. The nanoparticles was formed a size of 255.4 nm with polidispers index of 0.7, the zeta potential of + 11,1mV, the adsorption effi ciency by 87% and rounded morphology (spherical). Analgesic effectiveness tested by comparison between the groups ethanol extract of papaya and the groups nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya statistically using the T-test Independent. The results of this research indicate that there are statistically signifi cant differences (p <0.05). This results shows that the preparation nanoparticles of chitosan-ethanol extract papaya is more effective as an analgesic than the ethanol extract of papaya leaves.

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