scholarly journals Brexit and the moon landing from a project complexity perspective: A comparative case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Roland Alter
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Dynamic Complexity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Professional Project ◽  
Moon Landing

With the Brexit vote in the United Kingdom on June 23, 2016, a majority of voters decided that the country should leave the European Union, resulting in the formal start of the exiting process on March 29, 2017. During the discussions in the run up to the referendum, the complexity of the undertaking itself was rarely an issue. The subsequent statement by Brexit-Secretary of State David Davis that the complexity of the moon landing would be dwarfed by the complexity of Brexit puts the undertaking into a new perspective and is the starting point for a comparison. Based on the concept of an intrinsic case study with the focus on learning and pattern identification, the comparison is carried out by using a framework of four complexity levels: (1) objective (2) relative (3) subjective and (4) dynamic complexity. The comparison concludes that both projects are characterized by extraordinarily high objective complexity. The difference emerges with respect to the subsequent levels. NASA was aware of the deficiencies and worked systematically to close the gap through professional project management. Brexit, on the other hand, is characterized by widespread ignorance of complexity without a systematic approach to close a dynamically widening complexity gap.

scholarly journals Religious focalisation in dictionaries: a comparative case study between English and Spanish

2011 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
María Alonso Alonso ◽  
Laura Torrado Mariñas
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Real Academia

The aim of this article is to expose the various strategies which are used by two of the most important dictionaries in the English and Spanish contexts, the Oxford English Dictionary and the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, to focalise religious discourse in the main body of the definitions appearing in each dictionary. A theoretical framework on ideology and the dictionary will serve as the starting point from which to analyse these strategies and offer a classification with practical examples, dwelling on the notions of modification and focalisation. The results obtained from both dictionaries will be discussed in relation to the major strategies alluded to, highlighting the fact that the dictionary does not exist in a vacuum. As such, it is always affected by ideology in a certain degree, something which seems to support our thesis that religious discourse is one of the areas where a more pervasive presence of focalisation can be felt.

scholarly journals Fighting for the Moral Cause? State Motivations for Humanitarian Intervention

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alayna Sublette ◽  
Class of 2016
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Naming And Shaming ◽  
Target Country ◽  
Main Factor

Why do states conduct humanitarian missions in certain states and not in others? This paper evaluates the motivations of states to intervene in other states under the guise of humanitarianism, with a focus on multilateral military operations. Further, the main factor that this paper addresses is the role that human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play in influencing states to intervene or not intervene, with an emphasis on NGO naming and shaming. By conducting a comparative case study between the civil conflicts in Kosovo and Rwanda, this paper tests the following hypothesis: the more comprehensive an NGO’s naming and shaming campaigns are in a particular state in regard to a humanitarian issue, the more likely an outside state will intervene in that target country. Although Kosovo and Rwanda both had naming and shaming, the difference lies in the amount and substance of the naming and shaming. This paper argues that Kosovo received more naming and shaming at a higher quality, while Rwanda received less naming and shaming at a lower quality. Further, this paper argues that these differences in naming and shaming contributed to the differing outcomes; Kosovo received substantial international attention, while Rwanda did not.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Building Smart Readiness Indicator Calculation: A Comparative Case-Study with Two Panels of Experts

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Vigna ◽  
Roberta Pernetti ◽  
Giovanni Pernigotto ◽  
Andrea Gasparella
Keyword(s):  
Energy Performance ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The last release of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018/844/EU stated that smart buildings will play a crucial role in the future energy systems. Consequently, the Directive introduced the Smart Readiness Indicator in order to provide a common framework to highlight the value of building smartness across Europe. The methodology for the calculation of the Smart Readiness Indicator is currently under development and therefore not yet officially adopted at the European Union level. In this context, the current research analyzed the second public release of the proposed methodology, discussing the feasibility of its implementation and the obtained results through a practical application. Specifically, the methodology was applied to a nearly zero-energy office building located in Italy, and the evaluation was carried out in parallel by two different expert groups composed by researchers and technical building systems specialists. With the aim of analyzing the impact of subjective evaluations on the calculated indicator, a two-step assessment was adopted: in a first phase the two groups worked separately, and only in a second phase they were allowed to compare results, discuss discrepancies and identify the difficulties in applying the methodology. As the main outcome of this research, a set of recommendations are presented for an effective broad implementation of the Smart Readiness Indicator, able to increase the relevance of its evaluation and effectiveness, as well as to enhance the comparability of smart readiness of buildings through the definition of benchmarks and to integrate with other measurable key indicators, especially concerning energy flexibility.

scholarly journals Identifying space for mainstreaming multilingual pedagogies in European initial teacher education policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 147490412110125
Author(s):  
Mari Bergroth ◽  
Júlia Llompart ◽  
Nathalie Pepiot ◽  
Karin van der Worp ◽  
Tjaša Dražnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Initial Teacher Education ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Professional Beliefs ◽  
Ideological Space ◽  
Structure Of Education

This study sought to explore the ideological and implementational spaces for mainstreaming multilingual pedagogies (MPs) in initial teacher education (ITE) policies and curricula across the European Union. The concept of linguistically sensitive teaching (LST) was used as a lens to examine inclusive, equity-centred MPs in ITE. A multi-sited comparative case study was conducted to collect data in nine locations. As a result, a general trend of ideological spaces was observed for MPs in language-in-education policies at the European and (sub)national levels. However, this ideological space was not always implemented in ITE. As a second result, explicit mentions of MPs and LST were identified in the ITE curricula of seven sites, and in each of the nine cases, a potential space for implementation was observed. As a third result we found that the greatest potential for opening implementational spaces for MPs lies in courses that aim to develop general pedagogical and sociolinguistic knowledge as well as professional beliefs in future teachers. In conclusion, we contend that the linguistic ecology and the organisational structure of education systems (decentralisation) are factors that help explain the successful mainstreaming of MPs in ITE institutions.

scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment Screening and National Security: Reducing Regulatory Hurdles to Investors Through Induced Reciprocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-595
Author(s):  
Cheng Bian
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
National Security ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Eu

Abstract An increasing number of States has adopted new or revised existing laws that establish foreign direct investment (FDI) screening mechanisms on grounds of national security. Comparing FDI screening in Germany and China as a case study, this article identifies three regulatory hurdles to investors related to such mechanisms, namely unpredictability, procedural uncertainty, and the lack of transparency in practice. Adopting the theory of induced reciprocity, this article argues that these regulatory hurdles could be reduced if symmetry constraint on national FDI screening schemes can be established between sovereign States in an international agreement. To achieve induced reciprocity between the European Union and China regarding FDI screening on grounds of national security, the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment could incorporate certain fundamental principles and regulatory objectives of EU Regulation 2019/452 Establishing a Framework for the Screening of Foreign Direct Investments into the Union as a starting point and a way forward.

6. The Crown and Royal Prerogative

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-182
Author(s):  
Lisa Webley ◽  
Harriet Samuels
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
Primary Materials

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. The royal prerogative is a special form of common law that may be exercised by the Crown, either through the Queen as monarch (her personal prerogative) or through the executive as Her Majesty’s government (the political prerogative). This chapter begins by tracing the history and development of the royal prerogative and the role of the Crown in the exercise of these powers, and then addresses the division between prerogative powers that are personally exercised by the Queen and those that are exercised on her behalf by the political executive. Next, it turns to the respective roles of Parliament and the courts in the operation and development of prerogative powers, considering the relevance of those powers today and proposals for reform, in part, in the context of the case study on the use of the royal prerogative to trigger article 50 to begin the process of withdrawal from the European Union (EU), as well as the government’s advice to the monarch to prorogue Parliament in the run up to the UK’s exit from the EU.

scholarly journals Violazioni amministrative in campo forestale. Confronto fra normative regionali

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Stefano Gerbaldo
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Interinstitutional Collaboration ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Present Argument ◽  
Forest Legislation ◽  
Stock Volume

The present work is proposed as a contribution to discussion about new Italian forest legislation and as a possible starting point for future policies. Some regional regulations have been compared for what concerns the administrative sanctioning rules applied in the sector. To give concreteness to the present argument, a specific case study has been carried out in the province of Cuneo (Piedmont, Italy). The istance has been chosen for its representativeness and high frequency, being its dendrometric parameters common in other regional contexts. Specifically, a pure meso-eutrophic beechwood has been analyzed. This has revealed a certain lack of homogeneity in the attribution of the form of forest management (coppice vs. highforest management systems). In fact there are different legal definitions of their dendrometric parameters. As a result, there are different silvicultural treatments to apply and very different levels of growing stock (in terms of number of trees, canopy cover area or tree volume) to be released. But it is above all the estimations of the allowable cut considered illegal (i.e. in stock volume and in number of trees), and even more the amounts of the administrative penalties that display the greatest differences. These differences would be even more relevant in the case of implementation of the European Union Regulation no. 995/2010, the so-called “Due Diligence”, which contrasts the trade of illegally sourced timber, and enumerates cases of law infringements strictly dependent on the configuration of the administrative offenses defined by regional regulations. The study carried out therefore highlights the opportunity to evaluate, in the appropriate areas of interinstitutional collaboration, the control algorithms for the best possible harmonization of the applicable regulations in Italy; the final goal should be the reduction of possible competitive imbalances between various companies operating in different regional contexts.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

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