scholarly journals Responding to cybercrime: results of a comparison between community members and police personnel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Cross ◽  
Thomas Holt
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Police Responses ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
Community Expectations ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
Short And Long Term

Advancements in information technology are sources of both opportunity and vulnerability for citizens. Previous research indicates that there are significant challenges for police in investigating cybercrime, that community expectations about police responses are based largely on media representations, and that victims experience high levels of frustration and stigmatisation. This paper examines the views of the Australian community and law enforcement officers about the policing of cybercrime. Results suggest that police personnel are more likely to view cybercrime as serious, and community members are more likely to ascribe blame to victims. Results also indicate a discrepancy between police and community members in their views of the efficacy of police responses. These discrepancies contribute to public dissatisfaction. Therefore, the paper covers some general strategies for short-and long-term cybercrime prevention.

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION FOR CONSUMERS IN TRANSACTIONS FOR E-COMMERCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Bing Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Business World ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Subjects

The development of information and electronic technology every time becomes faster, supported by the great curiosity of humans to make information technology and electronics as daily consumption. Technology penetrated into the business world pampering the community with ease of accessibility through ecommerce systems. People enjoy buying and selling facilities through e-commerce, but most people forget that every thing has a positive and negative side. The majority of people enjoy the convenience and convenience of e-commerce to access and obtain the desired items, but not a few community members have become victims of e-commerce transactions. The government acting as a regulator has issued a lot of laws and regulations, but until now all forms of injustice, fraud, and even crime through ecommerce buying and selling have not been completely blocked. Institutions established specifically to defend disadvantaged consumers also do not yet have adequate specifications to protect disadvantaged consumers through e-commerce buying and selling. The capabilities and facilities possessed by law enforcement officers are still limited, there are still many perpetrators of injustice, fraud and crime in buying and selling e-commerce that are still moving and operating freely. Based on the reality of e-commerce buying and selling formulated a problem regarding how legal protection is actually for consumers in buying and selling e-commerce? What obstacles are faced by consumers to get legal protection in buying and selling e-commerce? How is the legal effort made by consumers who are disadvantaged in buying and selling ecommerce? Using positive law analyzed with reality that occurs in the community it can be concluded that e-commerce buying and selling is arguably a new thing so that it demands for the whole legal system and legal subjects to adapt to technological developments and the progress of civilization

scholarly journals Homelessness and Nonrecreational Camping on National Forests and Grasslands in the United States: Law Enforcement Perspectives and Regional Trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Lee K Cerveny ◽  
Joshua W R Baur
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
Us Forest Service

Abstract National forest law enforcement officers regularly encounter “nonrecreational” campers whose tenure exceeds established stay limits (generally 2 weeks). Some long-term occupants are homeless and seek use of the forest as a temporary or long-term residence. Long-term nonrecreational campers present myriad concerns for forest officials, who seek to balance public access and resource conservation. In addition to biophysical impacts because of waste, disposal of chemicals, soil compaction, and damage to vegetation, nonrecreational campers can alter the social environment being shared with other forest visitors. For this exploratory study, US Forest Service law enforcement officers (n = 290) were surveyed to assess officer perceptions of the frequency of encounters, trends, and types of nonrecreational campers. We provide a descriptive summary of major findings and point out regional variations and trends. Officers perceive regional variations in the frequency of encounters with nonrecreational or homeless campers as well as types of campers encountered.

scholarly journals Do Paramedics Have a Professional Obligation to Work During a Pandemic? A Qualitative Exploration of Community Member Expectations

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412
Author(s):  
Cameron Anderson ◽  
Julie Ann Pooley ◽  
Brennen Mills ◽  
Emma Anderson ◽  
Erin C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Community Member ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Professional Obligation ◽  
Community Expectations ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
Risk Acceptability ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
And Training

ABSTRACTObjectives:Previous research has identified a lack of clarification regarding paramedic professional obligation to work. Understanding community expectations of paramedics will provide some clarity around this issue. The objective of this research was to explore the expectations of a sample of Australian community members regarding the professional obligation of paramedics to respond during pandemics.Methods:The authors used qualitative methods to gather Australian community member perspectives immediately before the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Focus groups were used for data collection, and a thematic analysis was conducted.Results:The findings revealed 9 key themes: context of obligation (normal operations versus crisis situation), hierarchy of obligation (individual versus organizational obligation), risk acceptability, acceptable occupational risk (it’s part of the job), access to personal protective equipment, legal and ethical guidelines, education and training, safety, and acceptable limitations to obligation. The factors identified as being acceptable limitations to professional obligation are presented as further sub-themes: physical health, mental health, and competing personal obligations.Conclusions:The issue of professional obligation must be addressed by ambulance services as a matter of urgency, especially in light of the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Further research is recommended to understand how community member expectations evolve during and after the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic.

scholarly journals ‘There’s Gonna Be Bad Apples’: Police–Community Relations through the Lens of Media Exposure Among University Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Levan ◽  
Kelsey Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Television News ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Television Shows ◽  
Police Community Relations

Recently, increased media attention has been given to tensions between law enforcement officers and the communities they police. An individuals’ opinions of law enforcement agencies may be formed from various areas, including their exposure to various forms of media. Here, we are interested in the types of media students are exposed to (particularly social media, television news, crime-related television shows). Through interviews with undergraduate students, we seek to understand how both an individual’s demographic characteristics and their media consumption contribute to how perceptions are formed on issues related to violence perpetrated by law enforcement, as well as against law enforcement. Future studies can build on the initial findings and be conducted on a broader range of community members.

Animal hoarding and its effects on children: observations from a humane law enforcement professional

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Dez Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Interagency Cooperation ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Animal Care

Abstract Children raised in animal hoarding situations experience both short- and long-term physical and emotional hazards. Far too often, the needs of children are under-served due to lack of interagency cooperation, societal misperceptions and other mitigating factors. These issues are discussed as they relate to the effects of animal hoarding on children in the home. Content is drawn from the lifelong experience of a humane law enforcement and animal care professional. A sampling of case studies is offered, and observations are presented regarding the immediate and long-term risks and trauma experienced by children in the hands of people who hoard animals. Included are a universal definition of animal hoarding, an explanation of animal behaviour in hoarded homes, information about humane law enforcement agencies and problems associated with a lack of interagency cooperation.

NO JUSTICE, NO PEACE

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Durán
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Interest Convergence ◽  
District Attorneys ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis article provides a thematic overview of a subset of controversial officer involved shootings that have occurred in Denver, Colorado during a period of thirty years (1983-2012). Determining whether a shooting was legally justified involved multiple participants, including local, national, and international representatives. The primary stakeholders were City and County District Attorneys regarding whether to file criminal charges against the officer, and Managers of Safety for whether officers acted within police departmental policy. Although most cases were processed without conflict, a small number were challenged by members of the community based on thematic reasons of shooting individuals who had not committed a crime, violating continuum of force standards, and entrusting law enforcement officers with the power to use deadly force both off-duty and while working secondary jobs. Despite outcome legitimacy vested in a small number of public officials, community members often reported a lack of justice and accountability. They struggled to get public officials to take notice and implement systematic change. Reviewing controversial shootings highlights the multiple issues involved in protecting law enforcement officers from encountering criminal charges, and in essence the procurement of colonial control. Critical Race Theory (interest convergence and storytelling), Social Dominance Theory, along with the historical framework of W. E. B. Du Bois, were utilized to explore a number of officer-involved shootings that continue to produce disparate outcomes by race, class, and gender.

scholarly journals State protection and implementation of civil rights in russian law enforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Metsger
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
State Protection

The article aims at studying the guarantees of civil rights in terms of their constitutional and industry-based specifics. The main method used in this article was the deductive method that allowed studying the legal nature and specifics of state protection, as well as the guarantees of civil rights in law enforcement (as exemplified by the Russian Federation). The article has proved that the theoretical issue of effective state protection and civil rights implementation in Russian law enforcement remains unresolved. The study has revealed that law enforcement is effective when the principles of social justice, legality, reasonableness, and expediency are observed. Thus, social justice is not the only problem of modern law enforcement: law enforcement activities must comply with the principles of legality, fairness, expediency, and validity. Under the current conditions (with due regard to the current development of legal awareness and legal culture), law enforcement officers should meet the principles of legality and validity when deciding. Only such an attitude can help achieve a long-term perspective in law enforcement, i.e. to ensure fairness in decision-making.

scholarly journals The black inside the blue : black law enforcement officers' perceptions of racial profiling in Missouri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Clarence Jr. Green
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Occupational Socialization ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Disproportionate Number

Nationally, law enforcement agencies are under tremendous scrutiny in reference to racial profiling. A gap exists in knowledge of Black law enforcement officers? in Missouri perceptions of racial profiling. Missouri has experienced a disproportionate number of traffic stops of Black motorists for the last 11 years. A review of the literature revealed that police officers have an identity formed through practices of the organization. This notion was further explained by examining social-identity theory and the key concepts of Black law enforcement officers, racial profiling, and occupational socialization. This qualitative bounded case study used semistructured interviews with rural Black law enforcement officers from three counties in Missouri, conducted three focus groups with community members, and performed an artifact review of law enforcement agencies? policies. The following themes emerged: racial profiling is not tolerated, law enforcement officers are held accountable for their behavior, Black law enforcement officers joined agencies because they wanted the ability to help others, Blacks are racially profiled more than others, racial profiling had been experienced, confidence existed in law enforcement agencies to not racially profile, and Blacks were perceived as bad people. These results allow law enforcement agencies and law enforcement training academies to address selection and training needs of officers. The results also aid policymakers to expand the collection of data around profiling as well as aid community leaders in understanding the dynamics of racial profiling.

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