scholarly journals Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome and albumin-bound paclitaxel in cancer: a nanotechnology perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Rajib Hossain ◽  
Rasel Ahmed Khan ◽  
Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽  
Divya Jain ◽  
Pracheta Janmeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Tumor Cell Membrane ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Specific Reactions ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Nanoparticles (1-100 nanometres in size), products of nanotechnology, offer a modern way to transport anti-cancer drugs by acting as transporters of drugs into tumor cells, hence quenching tumor cell proliferation. Such nanoparticles may be formulated to bind to the tumor cell membrane or inhibit specific reactions of tumor biosynthetic pathway by gene repression, or directly bind to the active sites of essential enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Consequently, drugs are completely delivered to the desired cancerous cells without system interference. Liposomal doxorubicin and albumin-bound paclitaxel are two examples of nanotechnologically developed drugs for treating cancer. Modern knowledge of nanotechnology opens up new opportunities for innovative research on cancer therapies and administration and helps minimize harm to healthy cells. This review focuses on the doses and routes of administration of these chemotherapeutic agents used in treating cancers.

Hypoxia inhibition of camptothecin-induced apoptosis by Bax loss

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoungsook Park ◽  
Abdela Woubit ◽  
Cesar Fermin ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Tsegaye Habtemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Normoxic Condition ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cancer Chemotherapeutics ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cell Hypoxia ◽  
Human Solid Tumors ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

AbstractTumor cell hypoxia is linked to the resistance of human solid tumors to the various anti-cancer therapies: thus, its exploitation has been considered to be a potential target for cancer treatment. Previously, we demonstrated for the first time that hypoxia inhibits apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through blocking translocation of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, from the cytosol to the mitochondria. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism coupling hypoxia to resistance for drugs, especially for anti-cancer chemotherapeutics, still remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxia attenuates camptothecin (CPT)-induced apoptosis by decreasing the protein levels of Bax, thereby leading to resistance to the drug. DNA damage after exposure to CPT resulted in an increase of p53, and a concomitant up-regulation of p21, regardless of oxygen content. Under normoxic condition, CPT induced expression of p53 and its down-stream target molecule Bax as well, in the presence of increased p21. In contrast, when preexposed to hypoxia, Bax-inducing activity of CPT was completely lost and the Bax level was even decreased, although CPT increased both p53 and p21 as observed under normoxic condition. Our data indicate that hypoxia attenuates apoptosis via Bax. Our data also suggest that hypoxia regulates tumor cell apoptosis differentially, through regulating Bax translocation or through down-regulating Bax levels, depending on death-inducing signals as shown by TRAIL- or CPT-induced apoptosis.

scholarly journals DNA Repair Pathways in Cancer Therapy and Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan-ya Li ◽  
Yi-di Guan ◽  
Xi-sha Chen ◽  
Jin-ming Yang ◽  
Yan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Dna Damaging Agents ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Mitochondria Dna ◽  
Repair Pathways

DNA repair pathways are triggered to maintain genetic stability and integrity when mammalian cells are exposed to endogenous or exogenous DNA-damaging agents. The deregulation of DNA repair pathways is associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. As the primary anti-cancer therapies, ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic agents induce cell death by directly or indirectly causing DNA damage, dysregulation of the DNA damage response may contribute to hypersensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic agents and targeting DNA repair pathway can increase the tumor sensitivity to cancer therapies. Therefore, targeting DNA repair pathways may be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. A better understanding of the biology and the regulatory mechanisms of DNA repair pathways has the potential to facilitate the development of inhibitors of nuclear and mitochondria DNA repair pathways for enhancing anticancer effect of DNA damage-based therapy.

scholarly journals Platelet–Tumor Cell Hybrid Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoparticles for Enhancing Therapy Efficacy in Glioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wu ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Junjie Deng ◽  
Weide Xu ◽  
Bingyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Tumor Cell Membrane ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Abstract Cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles are drawing increasing attention because their surfaces retain the natural functionalities of the cell plasma membranes, making them a unique class of biomimetic materials combining natural and synthetic components. Modifying the cell membranes or combining the functions of different types of membranes enhances their functionality. Herein, we prepared platelet and tumor cell membrane camouflaged antitumor nanoparticles. The effects of β-mangostin-loaded nanoparticles on the target and its anticancer action in glioma were measured in vitro and in vivo. Multifunctional nanoparticles were manufactured with platelet–C6 hybrid biomimetic coating (PCM), lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), and β-mangostin. PCM increased the proportion of active drug targeting in C6 and immune escape characteristics in THP-1 cells, thus enhancing the cytotoxicity of β-PCNPs. The β-PCNPs were comprehensively characterized to study the inherent properties of both source cells. Compared with bare β-NPs, β-PCNPs exhibited high tumor-targeting ability and induced apoptosis of C6 cells in vitro. Mice experiments with intravenous administration of the drug revealed that the β-PCNP platform enhanced the tumor targeting capability and exhibited excellent chemotherapy with high inhibition rate of glioma tumor growth in vivo. The mice in the β-PCNP group had a markedly prolonged circulation lifetime and exhibited better outcome than those in the β-NP group. These results provide a new strategy of utilizing PCNPs as carriers for drug delivery, which improves the targeting efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents for glioma therapy.

scholarly journals Oncolytic animal viruses and their applications in anti-cancer therapies

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Marcin Chodkowski ◽  
Joanna Cymerys ◽  
Anna Słońska ◽  
Marcin W. Bańbura
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Cancer is one of the most frequent causes of death in Poland and in the world. The low efficacy of conventional treatment, as well as the high toxicity of the usual therapies, have stimulated the search for alternative methods. One of them is the deployment of oncolytic viruses. Oncolytic viruses have a natural ability to lyse tumor cells or can obtain this ability through certain modifications. The aim of virotherapy is to discover a virus that will lyse only tumor cells, and will not be dangerous to healthy cells, and moreover will not cause an undesirable response from the host’s immune system. Animal viruses with oncolytic abilities are very promising, because they are not pathogenic for humans and often show a high specificity for human cancerous cells.

The Link between Conventional and Novel Anti-Cancer Therapeutics with Thrombotic Microangiopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Elena Cervantes ◽  
Sam Kant ◽  
Mohamed Atta
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

Background: Kidney disease associated with cancer and anti-cancer therapies has been increasingly recognized in the field of Onco-nephrology. In particular, drug-induced nephrotoxicity has necessary implications since most chemotherapeutic agents have nephrotoxic potential. Also, standard creatinine clearance methods used to measure kidney function have been questioned in cancer patients due to factors like low muscle mass and poor nutritional status. Overestimations of the glomerular filtration rate not only increase the nephrotoxic potential of different agents but also can further limit the use of first-line therapies. Objective: This review covers drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy explicitly. It has two pathophysiologic mechanisms, including immune or idiosyncratic reactions and non-immune or dose-dependent ones. Conclusion: As novel cancer therapies are developed, it is paramount to understand better conventional and novel chemotherapeutic agents and their role in kidney disease.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives for Targeted Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilkamal Pramanik ◽  
Sameer Kumar Jagirdar
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Targeted therapeutics are considered next generation cancer therapy because they overcome many limitations of traditional chemotherapy. Cancerous cells may be targeted by various hyaluronic acid modified nanovehicles that kill these cells. Particularly, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives bind with high affinity to cell surface protein, CD44 enriched tumor cells. Moreover, these molecules have the added advantage of being biocompatible and biodegradable, and may be conjugated with a variety of drugs and drug carriers for developing various formulations as anti-cancer therapies such as nanogels, self-assembled and metallic nanoparticulates. In this chapter, we have covered various aspects of hyaluronic acid-modified delivery systems including strategies for synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility. Next, the use of hyaluronic acid-modified systems as anti-cancer therapies is discussed. Finally, the delivery of small molecules, and other pharmaceutical agents are also elaborated in this chapter.

scholarly journals Combination of Anti-Cancer Drugs with Molecular Chaperone Inhibitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Shevtsov ◽  
Gabriele Multhoff ◽  
Elena Mikhaylova ◽  
Atsushi Shibata ◽  
Irina Guzhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pharmacological Stress ◽  
Proteotoxic Stress ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Anti Cancer

Most molecular chaperones belonging to heat shock protein (HSP) families are known to protect cancer cells from pathologic, environmental and pharmacological stress factors and thereby can hamper anti-cancer therapies. In this review, we present data on inhibitors of the heat shock response (particularly mediated by the chaperones HSP90, HSP70, and HSP27) either as a single treatment or in combination with currently available anti-cancer therapeutic approaches. An overview of the current literature reveals that the co-administration of chaperone inhibitors and targeting drugs results in proteotoxic stress and violates the tumor cell physiology. An optimal drug combination should simultaneously target cytoprotective mechanisms and trigger the imbalance of the tumor cell physiology.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Ginseng in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Zhi Wang ◽  
Chun-Su Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancer and a leading cause of cancer related death in the US. Many currently used chemotherapeutic agents are derived from botanicals. Identifying herbal sources, including those from ginseng family, to develop better anti-cancer therapies remains an essential step in advancing the treatment of the cancer. In this article, potential roles of ginseng herbs, especially American ginseng and notoginseng, in colorectal cancer therapeutics are presented. The major pharmacologically active constituents of ginsengs are ginsenosides, which can be mainly classified as protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol groups. Structure-activity relationship between their chemical structures and pharmacological activities are discussed. In addition, various steaming temperature and time treatment of the ginseng herbs can change ginsenoside profiles, and enhance their anti-cancer activities. This heat treatment process may increase the role of ginseng in treating colorectal cancer.

ANTICANCER EFFECT OF UVARIA GENUS

2014 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Thi Bich Hien Le ◽  
Viet Duc Ho ◽  
Thi Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Cancer Activity

Nowadays, cancer treatment has been a big challenge to healthcare systems. Most of clinical anti-cancer therapies are toxic and cause adverse effects to human body. Therefore, current trend in science is seeking and screening of natural compounds which possess antineoplastic activities to utilize in treatment. Uvaria L. - Annonaceae includes approximately 175 species spreading over tropical areas of Asia, Australia, Africa and America. Studies on chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Uvaria showed that several compound classes in this genus such as alkaloid, flavonoid, cyclohexen derivaties, acetogenin, steroid, terpenoid, etc. indicate considerable biological activities, for example anti-tumor, anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, etc. Specifically, anti-cancer activity of fractions of extract and pure isolated compounds stands out for cytotoxicity against many cancer cell lines. This study provides an overview of anti-cancer activity of Uvaria and suggests a potential for further studies on seeking and developing novel anti-cancer compounds. Key words: Anti-cancer, Uvaria.

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