Characterization of Ground Rubber Tire and its Effect on Natural Rubber Compound

2000 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit K. Naskar ◽  
S. K. De ◽  
A. K. Bhowmick ◽  
P. K. Pramanik ◽  
R. Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Ground Rubber

Abstract Ground rubber tire (GRT) particles of different sizes were characterized and the effect of these particles in a natural rubber (NR) compound was studied. It is found that smaller particles contain less polymer, but have higher amounts of fillers and metals with respect to polymer. NR compound containing smaller GRT particles shows better physical properties, but poorer aging characteristics.

Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/waste ground rubber tire powder microcellular composites by supercritical carbon dioxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xiu Zhang ◽  
Sung Hyo Lee ◽  
Jin Kuk Kim ◽  
Shu Ling Zhang ◽  
Zhen Xiang Xin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Ground Rubber ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Characterization of Snap-On Calf Nipple Product and Development of its Compound Formulation Based on Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Sarawut Prasertsri ◽  
Sansanee Srichan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rubber Component

This research aimed to develop the formulation of natural rubber filled with carbon black, silica and calcium carbonate for rubber calf nipple application. The reverse engineering was performed on the calf nipple product to analyze the rubber type and component by using Soxhlet extraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Furthermore, mechanical properties were examined to act as benchmark for the rubber compound design. The results showed that rubber component in the nipple product was natural rubber, whereas two filler types revealed as carbon black and calcium carbonate with 10 and 35 of the total weight. In addition, rubber nipple showed the hardness of 46±1 Shore A and tensile strength of 5.3±0.60 MPa. From the investigation of the properties of developed rubber compounds in this work, it was found that the mechanical properties depended on type and content of filler. The required mechanical properties of vulcanizates were achieved at 20 phr of carbon black (N330), 20 phr of silica and 120 phr of calcium carbonate.

Aromatic and Epoxidised Oil Curing and Rebound Resilience Characteristic and their Humidity Effect of Hardness on NR Vulcanizates

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rahmah ◽  
Wan Zain Norazira ◽  
Shafie Nur Ashyikin ◽  
Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Humidity Effect ◽  
Humidity Level ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Humidity Chamber ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Recently, aromatic oil (AO) is one of the substances that is typically used as a processing aid especially for high filler loadings in formulating rubber compound. Aromatic oil has disadvantages in that, it is hazardous to environment, toxic and has been labeled as carcinogenic. In this research, an epoxidised oil (EO) and aromatic oil were used to investigate the effect incorporation of oil onto the SBR/NR natural rubber vulcanizates (NR). From the result obtained, EO showed shorter cure time and scorch time as the oil loading were increased up to 20 pphr of EO. Physical properties such as hardness and rebound resilience of NR/EO vulcanisate were also investigated upon exposure to different humidity level in humidity chamber. At room temperature, the hardness of EO loading onto the SBR/NR vulcanisate is lower than AO loadings. Hardness was slightly decreased with increasing rate of humidity. There is great difference in hardness and rebound resilience values between AO and EO. Both hardness and rebound resilience were not affected by humidity. This implies the existence of good filler interaction with EO and rubber which do not impart changes in the hardness and resilience properties of rubber compound. Epoxidised oil has great promising potential to replace the carcinogenic aromatic oil as it has good overall performance and renewable in nature .

Plasma Polymerized Primers for Rubber to Metal Bonding: Characterization of the Interphase

1995 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Tsai ◽  
F. J. Boerio ◽  
Dong K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Metal Bonding

ABSTRACTPlasma polymerized acetylene films contained mono- and di-substituted acetylene groups, aromatic groups, and carbonyl groups which resulted from reaction of residual free radicals with oxygen when the films were exposed to the atmosphere. There was some evidence for formation of acetylides in the interphase between the films and the substrates. Reactions occurring in the interphase between the plasma polymerized films and natural rubber were simulated using a model rubber compound consisting of a mixture of squalene, zinc oxide, carbon black, sulfur, stearic acid, diaryl-p-diphenyleneamine, and N,N-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide (DCBS). Zinc oxide and cobalt naphthenate reacted with stearic acid to form zinc and cobalt stearates. The stearates reacted with the benzothiazole sulfonamide moiety of DCBS and with sulfur to form zinc and cobalt accelerator complexes and perthiomercaptides. The complexes and perthiomercaptides reacted with squalene and the plasma polymer to form pendant groups which eventually disproportionated to form crosslinks between squalene and the primer. Migration of double bonds during reaction of the model rubber compound with the films resulted in formation of conjugated double bonds in squalene.

Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Imperata cylindrica Activated Carbon Filled SMR L Compounding

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Kamarudin Husin ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Torque

The potential of activated carbon as a filler in rubber compound has been reviewed .Cure characteristics and physical properties ofImperataCylindricaactivated carbon filled natural rubber of Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR L) were studied. SMR L was used as the elastomer and the composition of filler loading were varied from 0-50 parts per hundred rubber (phr). A semi-efficient vulcanization system was used throughout the study. The cure characteristics of the rubber compound was determined by using rheometer. The samples of hardness and resilience were measured by durometer shore A and Wallace Dunlop Tripsometer. Cure characteristics showed that cure time, t90and scorch time,t2increased as increased filler loading which indicate poor interaction between rubber and filler which slow down the vulcanization time. Minimum torque,MLand maximum torque,MHincreased as increased filler loading due to the low processability of the SMR L compounds. Crosslink density and hardness exhibit increment as increased filler loading due to increase rigidity of the SMR L compounds. The resilience will decrease correspondingly as increased in rigidity of the compounds.

Reinforcing effect of nanosilica on the properties of natural rubber/reclaimed ground rubber tire vulcanizates

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debapriya De ◽  
Prabir Kr. Panda ◽  
Madhusudan Roy ◽  
Satyaban Bhunia ◽  
Abu Ismail Jaman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Ground Rubber

Study of Cure Synergism of the Thiocarbamylsulfenamide-Dibenzothiazyl Disulfide Accelerator System in the Vulcanization of Natural Rubber

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pal ◽  
B. Adhikari ◽  
D. K. Basu ◽  
A. K. Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Equimolar Concentration ◽  
Accelerator System

Abstract N-cyclopentamethylenethiocarbamyl-N′-cyclopentamethylenesulfenamide (CPTCS) and dibenzothiazyldisulfide (MBTS), as binary accelerators in a mixture have been found to provide significant mutual enhanced activity with regard to modulus, tensile strength, hardness, and elongation at break in the vulcanization of NR gum stocks. The synergistic activity of the CPTCS-MBTS system is very much dependent upon the accelerator ratios, concentration of sulfur and accelerator, as well as the temperature of vulcanization. Investigations carried out with the Monsanto rheometer also corroborate the above results. It is suggested that the synergism arises out of the interaction between CPTCS and MBTS which produces intermediate accelerators. N,N-Diethylthiocarbamyl-N′-cyclohexylsulfenamide (DETCS) in conjunction with MBTS, produces similar results in the vulcanization of NR. Structural characterization of the vulcanizates obtained at 140 and 160°C reveals that predominantly monosulfidic linkages are obtained with CPTCS or DETCS and MBTS combinations. The intermediate combinations, at near equimolar concentration of the two accelerators, exhibit maximum crosslink density. An attempt has been made to correlate physical properties with crosslink density as well as various types of crosslinks.

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