Effect of Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Rubberlike Materials

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Elastic Compression ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Brass Plate ◽  
Rubberlike Materials

Abstract In the course of investigations into the mechanical properties of natural and synthetic rubbers intended for use in antivibration devices, variations of a large order were encountered. As these variations seemed to be largely dependent on temperature, a preliminary detailed examination in the region of 5° to 40° C was made. With the aid of a mechanical vibrator somewhat similar to that employed by Gehman, and working at 20–60 c.p.s., measurements of dynamic elastic compression modulus and associated resilience were made by the well known resonance method. A detailed description of the apparatus, method, and results is to be published later; for the present time, it may be said that the test-pieces were in the form of cylindrical rubber blocks, 0.875 inch in diameter and 0.875 inch high, bonded at each end to steel screws by the conventional brass-plate method.

Effect of nickel on formation of transition layer during liquid-phase aluminizing of titanium

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
A.I. Kovtunov ◽  
Yu.Yu. Khokhlov ◽  
S.V. Myamin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Melt ◽  
Titanium Aluminum ◽  
Titanium Foam

Titanium—aluminum, titanium—foam aluminum composites and bimetals obtained by liquid-phase methods, are increasingly used in industry. At the liquid-phase methods as result of the reaction diffusion of titanium and aluminum is formed transitional intermetallic layer at the phase boundary of the composite, which reduces the mechanical properties of titanium and composite. To reduce the growth rate of the intermetallic layer between the layers of the composite and increase its mechanical properties, it is proposed to alloy aluminum melt with nickel. The studies of the interaction of titanium and molten aluminum alloyed with nickel made it possible to establish the effect of temperature and aluminizing time on the thickness, chemical and phase compositions of the transition intermetallic layer. The tests showed the effect of the temperature of the aluminum melt, the nickel concentration on the strength properties of titanium—aluminum bimetal.

scholarly journals Optimization Analysis of Settlement Parameters for Postgrouting Piles in Loess Area of Shaanxi, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhou ◽  
Shanshan Zhu ◽  
Xiang Kong ◽  
Jiangtao Lei ◽  
Tong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Summation Method ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Loess Area ◽  
Elastic Compression ◽  
Settlement Calculation ◽  
Side Resistance ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
The Relationship

The settlement calculation of postgrouting piles is complex and depends on the calculation method and parameters. Static load tests were conducted to compare the settlement characteristics of nongrouting and postgrouting piles, and three vital parameters in the layer-wise summation method were revised to predict the settlement of postgrouting piles. The elastic compression coefficient was deduced based on the Mindlin–Geddes method by considering the influence of the change in the pile side resistance distribution and end resistance ratio on the elastic compression after grouting. The relationship between the compression modulus and soil gravity stress and cone penetration resistance were established, respectively, using experimental data. The optimum value of the settlement empirical coefficient was determined using regional data. Finally, we used the postgrouting pile of the Wuqi–Dingbian expressway as a practical example. The results obtained from the layer-wise summation method after parametric optimization were close to the measured values. The results of this study provide reference data and guidance for the settlement calculation of postgrouting piles in this area.

Properties of Hard Rubber. XIX. Effect of Temperature on Cross-Breaking Strength and Elongation

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-526
Author(s):  
W. H. Willott
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Electric Radiator ◽  
Usual Order

Abstract In a series of cross-breaking tests carried out on hard rubber during hot weather, the values of the breaking elongation were higher than was expected, although the cross-breaking strength was of the usual order. It was thought that the high temperature might account for these results by making the hard rubber more plastic. The following experiments were, therefore, performed to investigate the effect of small changes of temperature, such as are encountered at different times of the year, on the cross-breaking strength and elongation. Test-pieces of standard size (75 × 25 × 5 mm.) were cut from a sheet of hard rubber of the composition: 68 per cent rubber, 32 per cent sulfur, which had been vulcanized for 5 hours at 155° C. They were immersed in a beaker of water and kept at the required temperature for about 15 minutes, when they were judged to have attained a steady temperature. The tests were carried out on an Avery fabric-testing machine fitted with special clamps to give a three-point loading test, the distance between the supporting knife-edges being 50.4 mm. (2 in.). These clamps were heated to the temperature of the specimens by means of an electric radiator. The specimens were tested as soon as possible after they had been removed from the water, so that the change of temperature during the test was reduced as far as possible. The standard conditions already laid down, were observed.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and drawing ratio on the mechanical properties of polypropylene monofilaments

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Taheri ◽  
João Miguel Nóbrega ◽  
Pieter Samyn ◽  
José Antonio Covas
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Drawing Ratio

Effect of Temperature on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Mechanically Alloyed Al-Nio Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
M. Zygmunt-Kiper ◽  
L. Blaz ◽  
M. Sugamata
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
High Purity Aluminum ◽  
Extrusion Method

Abstract Mechanical alloying of high-purity aluminum and 10 wt.% NiO powders combined with powder vacuum compression and following hot extrusion method was used to produce an Al-NiO composite. Mechanical properties of as-extruded materials as well as the samples annealed at 823 K /6 h, were tested by compression at 293 K - 770 K. High mechanical properties of the material were attributed to the highly refined structure of the samples. It was found that the structure morphology was practically not changed during hot-compression tests. Therefore, the effect of deformation temperature on the hardness of as-deformed samples was very limited. The annealing of samples at 823 K/6 h induced a chemical reaction between NiO-particles and surrounding aluminum matrix. As a result, the development of very fine aluminum oxide and Al3Ni grains was observed.

scholarly journals Effect Of Temperature On The Mechanical Properties Of Fibronectin

2009 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 641a
Author(s):  
Isaac T.S. Li ◽  
Gilbert C. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

Investigating the Effect of Thermoelectric Processing on Ionic Aggregation in Thermoplastic Ionomers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasant Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Vishnu-Baba Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electrostatic Field ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Polymer Backbone ◽  
Ionic Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Temperature ◽  
Aggregate Morphology ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Ionomers are a class of polymers which contain a small fraction of charged groups in the polymer backbone. These ionic groups aggregate (termed ionic aggregates) to form temporary cross-links that break apart over the ionic dissociation temperature and re-aggregate on cooling, influencing the mechanical properties of these polymers. In addition to enhanced mechanical properties, some ionomers also exhibit self-healing behavior. The self-healing behavior is a consequence of weakly bonded ionic aggregates breaking apart and re-aggregating after puncture or a ballistic impact. The structure and properties of ionomers have been studied over the last several decades; however, there is a lack of understanding of the influence of an electrostatic field on ionic aggregate morphology. Characterizing the effect of temperature and electric field on the formation and structure of these ionic aggregates will lead to preparation of ionomers with enhanced structural properties. This work focuses on Surlyn 8940 which a poly-ethylene methacryclic acid co-polymer in which a fraction of the carboxylic acid is terminated by sodium. In this work, Surlyn is thermoelectrically processed over its ionic dissociation temperature in the presence of a strong electrostatic field. Thermal studies are performed on the ionomer to study the effect of the thermoelectric processing. It is shown that the application of a thermoelectric field leads to increase in the ionic aggregate order in these materials and reduction in crystal size distribution. Thermal Analysis is performed using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter and the resulting thermogram analysis shows that thermoelectric processing increases the peak temperature and onset temperature of melting by 4 C and 20 C respectively. The peak width at half maximum of the melting endotherm is reduced by 10 C due to thermoelectric processing. This serves as a measure of the increased crystallinity. A parametric study on the effect of field duration and field strength is also performed.

The Effect of Deformation on Mechanical Properties and Shakedown on Railroad Wheels

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Dedmon ◽  
Takashi Fujimura ◽  
Daniel Stone
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Rail Head ◽  
Class D ◽  
Shakedown Theory ◽  
Freight Car ◽  
Class C ◽  
Railroad Wheels

Plastic deformations alter the mechanical properties of many metals and alloys. Class C and Class D wheel steels such as are used in North American freight car service are particularly affected by plastic deformations occurring during rolling contact between the wheel tread and rail head. This investigation determines the effect plastic deformations have on the mechanical properties of Class C and D wheel steels and how those changes could relate to shakedown theory. The effect of temperature is also discussed.

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