Emulsion Polymerization of Synthetic Rubber in 10-Gram Systems. An Experimental Technique

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-493
Author(s):  
Charles F. Fryling
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Many manufacturers of monomers, emulsifying agents, initiators, modifiers, and other ingredients going into polymerization reactions find it necessary to have a reliable polymerization procedure for testing the quality of their products. The procedure presented, despite some shortcomings, has many advantages. Minimum amounts of material are required, and large numbers of experiments can be conducted in a relatively short time. A serious effort is made to point out some of the pitfalls which beset investigators of polymerization, regardless of the type of technique employed. The best recommendation for the procedure described is that it has been used to develop certain types of synthetic rubber which are now in commercial production.

ANALISIS VISUAL PADA SAMPUL DEPAN MAJALAH DESAIN GRAFIS “CONCEPT” EDISI ULTAH PERDANA (Sebuah Kajian Semiotika)

DeKaVe ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prayanto WH
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Content Information ◽  
Magazine Cover

Magazine is one of the forms of mass media that has fungsikomunikasi to convey information to mass audiences. The cover is an important element because it is through cover / cover one can guess the contents of the magazine, as well as further interested to know further information contained therein. On a magazine cover consists of drawings and writings are arranged in such a way that looks interesting and has meaning Press publications, especially magazines, today's not enough just to rely on the quality of news or manuscript, although verbal aspect is very important. It must be recognized that the visual aspects (design) as the cover / envelope has crucial role to capture the prospective reader. For the cover of a magazine is a window that shows the content information, can be either a text or photographs, illustrations, and design elements. The function of a magazine cover is to attract, dazzle prospective readers, by way influence the thoughts flow in a short time. So it's no wonder much current the magazine publisher who made the cover of such a way as to attract the attention of prospective readers. Thus the task of designers to magazine cover to create designs that attract the attention of the reader becomes increasingly severe. This study tries to analyze a visual on the front cover Magazine Graphic Design 'Concept' birthday inaugural edition by using the Roland Barthes' semiotic approach. As Roland Barthes (1984), any simple "design work (magazine cover)" continue to play in management of the sign. So that will generate a message (image) specific. Design cover, usually contains the elements of the sign in the form of objects, context of the environment, people or other beings who provide meaning to objects, and text (of writing) that reinforce the meaning.Keyword: cover, magazine Concept, semiotics

Scoundrels or Stars? Theory and Evidence on the Quality of Workers in Online Labor Markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Farrell ◽  
Jonathan H. Grenier ◽  
Justin Leiby
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Online Labor Markets ◽  
Online Labor ◽  
Low Pay

ABSTRACT Online labor markets allow rapid recruitment of large numbers of workers for very low pay. Although online workers are often used as research participants, there is little evidence that they are motivated to make costly choices to forgo wealth or leisure that are often central to addressing accounting research questions. Thus, we investigate the validity of using online workers as a proxy for non-experts when accounting research designs use more demanding tasks than these workers typically complete. Three experiments examine the costly choices of online workers relative to student research participants. We find that online workers are at least as willing as students to make costly choices, even at significantly lower wages. We also find that online workers are sensitive to performance-based wages, which are just as effective in inducing high effort as high fixed wages. We discuss implications of our results for conducting accounting research with online workers. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

Animal Models and Alternatives in the Quality Control of Vaccines: Are In Vitro Methods or In Vivo Methods the Scientific Equivalent of the Emperor's New Clothes?

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Coenraad Hendriksen ◽  
Johan van der Gun
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Vitro Test

In the quality control of vaccine batches, the potency testing of inactivated vaccines is one of the areas requiring very large numbers of animals, which usually suffer significant distress as a result of the experimental procedures employed. This article deals with the potency testing of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, two vaccines which are used extensively throughout the world. The relevance of the potency test prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia monographs is questioned. The validity of the potency test as a model for the human response, the ability of the test to be standardised, and the relevance of the test in relation to the quality of the product are discussed. It is concluded that the potency test has only limited predictive value for the antitoxin responses to be expected in recipients of these toxoids. An alternative approach for estimating the potency of toxoid batches is discussed, in which a distinction is made between estimation of the immunogenic potency of the first few batches obtained from a seed lot and monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches. The use of animals is limited to the first few batches. Monitoring the consistency of the quality of subsequent batches is based on in vitro test methods. Factors which hamper the introduction and acceptance of the alternative approach are considered. Finally, proposals are made for replacement, reduction and/or refinement (the Three Rs) in the use of animals in the routine potency testing of toxoids.

scholarly journals High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Diana Escuder-Vieco ◽  
Juan M. Rodríguez ◽  
Irene Espinosa-Martos ◽  
Nieves Corzo ◽  
Antonia Montilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
High Temperature Short Time ◽  
Lactose Concentration ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Milk Banks ◽  
Short Time

Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo-inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected.

Intravenous fluids

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Operating Theatres ◽  
Increasing Demand

Many hospitals are currently having difficulties in obtaining adequate supplies of i. v. fluids. Staff shortages and increased demand for special sterile bottled solutions for other purposes, for example in operating theatres, for peritoneal dialysis and for haemodialysis, have compelled many hospital pharmacy departments to reduce their output of i. v. fluids. Commercial production of i.v. fluids has not kept pace with the rapidly increasing demand. The quality of i.v. fluids varies considerably:1 pharmacopoeial standards are often not stringently applied, and some of them need revision.

ANALYSIS OF CAROTID ARTERIAL DOPPLER SIGNALS USING STFT AND WIGNER–VILLE DISTRIBUTION (WVD)

2009 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
MELLE SEDDIK AMINA ◽  
M. BEREKSI REGUIG FETHI
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Doppler Signals ◽  
Cross Terms ◽  
Noticeable Reduction ◽  
Doppler Power ◽  
Short Time

The study presented in this paper is concerned with the analysis of the ultrasound Doppler signal of the carotid arteries in the time-frequency domain using the short time Fourier transform (STFT) and the Wigner–Ville distribution (WVD). This study is carried out in order to investigate the behavior of the spectral broadening index (SBI) derived from spectra obtained using these methods. The variations in the shape of the Doppler power spectra as a function of time are presented in the form of sonograms in order to determine the degree of primitive carotid artery stenosis. The obtained results show a qualitative improvement in the appearance of the sonograms generated using the WVD over the STFT. However, despite this qualitative improvement the WVD suffers from some drawbacks: the presence of the cross terms which are primarily due to its quadratic nature. The application of the Choi–Williams distribution (CWD) in this analysis shows a noticeable reduction of these cross terms, improving therefore the quality of the sonograms. From these generated sonograms, the ultrasound frequency envelopes are extracted. The maximum and the mean frequencies in these envelopes are used to determine the SBI. The magnitude of the CWD-SBI is significantly greater than that of the STFT-SBI. In addition, there is a correlation between the SBIs obtained using the STFT and the CWD and the degree of severity of stenosis measured by 2D Doppler imaging.

scholarly journals Mutu Fisik Dan Teknik Pematahan Dormansi Benih Kayu Kuku (Pericopsis mooniana (Thw.) Thw.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽  
Afrida Rizka Farzana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Breaking Seed Dormancy ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The presence of Pericopsis mooniana (Thw.) Thw. in nature is endangered. Meanwhile, Pericopsis mooniana plants have its obstacles in generative propagation because the seeds have mechanical dormancy. Studies carried out to: (1) observe the morphology of pods, seeds and sprouts of Pericopsis mooniana; (2) determine the physical quality of Pericopsis mooniana seeds, and (3) analyze the proper dormancy breaking treatment for Pericopsis mooniana seeds. Research is conducted in laboratories and in greenhouses. The physical quality of the seeds measured was the weight of 1,000 seeds and the moisture content. The treatment for breaking the dormancy of the Pericopsis mooniana seeds were control, scarification of the seeds using nail clippers and soaking in hot to cold water for 48 hours. Morphologically, the fruit of Pericopsis mooniana is pod-shaped, with orange seeds, oval-shaped and curved edges. Pericopsis mooniana sprouts include in the epigeal type. In 1 kg of weight there are ± 4,000 Pericopsis mooniana seeds, with the post harvest seed moisture content amounting to 7.62%. The dormancy breaking treatment of Pericopsis mooniana seeds increased seeds germination by 60% compared to controls. The scarification of Pericopsis mooniana seeds using nail clippers for breaking mechanical dormancy is the best treatment because it can increase the number of seeds germinating in a short time and simultaneously. Key words: breaking seed dormancy, morphology, Pericopsis mooniana, physical quality, seed scarificatio

scholarly journals Can Doctors Still Have a Voice in Healthcare?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Howard Stuart ◽  
Nilay Ozen ◽  
Vivian Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Healthcare Network ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Independent Organization

In the fall of 2014 the Quebec Health Ministry announced plans for a broad restructuring of the entire Healthcare network, implemented shortly thereafter in 2015. The effect on institutions was dramatic and immediate. Local  management was eradicated, concentrating and centralizing control of the entire system ultimately into the office of the Minister. With the abrupt reorganization of services came relocation of large numbers of personnel. Management at a distance became the norm. In many institutions, the commonly held view among physicians with regard to relations with management can be summarized as, “Suddenly there was no one to talk to.”Confusion and tension were prevalent and palpable. In this context, in attempt to have a voice, a group of physicians at one community hospital formed an independent organization. It developed into an influential body which continues to remain active. This workshop will use the experiences and reflections of physicians from that organization as a basis to explore questions such as: -Is there a difference between Health Services and Health Care? Do we care? -Does worker engagement matter in Healthcare delivery? Or are good systems and modern equipment all we really need? -Does sense of community matter within a healthcare institution? If so why?If it matters, is it just for the benefit of those working for the organization? Or is there a benefit for the users too? -What is the basis for sense of community? Where does it come from? Can it be destroyed? Can it be developed? -Is there an importance to the quality of relationships between people working within Healthcare? Do these relationships have impact on quality of care? -Should the perspective of those working in the system be incorporated input Management decision making? If so how? -What can physicians, nurses and other allied Healthcare professionals do in order to have a voice? 

scholarly journals Psychological and pedagogical aspects of chemistry distant teaching to foreign university entrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Afanasyeva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Short Time ◽  
University Training ◽  
Class Interaction ◽  
Mental Actions ◽  
Higher Medical Education

Chemistry is one of the most important courses in the system of pre-university training of prospective specialists with higher medical education. During the pandemic, we had to face some problems when organizing chemistry distance learning. There was a lack of data and opportunities for out-of-class interaction with students, since it was necessary to switch to the remote format in a very short time, literally within a few days. It was necessary to develop a model and methodological support to teach chemistry in the distant format and develop relevant professional competencies. The theoretical basis of the research is the theory of the planned development of mental actions and concepts and activities. Analyzing the results, we came to the conclusion that the implementation of this approach increased the motivation of university entrants to study chemistry. Methodological materials helped to improve the quality of training specifically for foreign entrants who did not know Russian well. The results of the final testing made it possible to conclude that the use of distance education or its elements in pre-university chemistry training is promising, necessary and expedient. All students in one way or another coped with the final certification and received certificates that allow them to continue their studies at a medical university.

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