Emulsion Polymerization of Synthetic Rubber in 10-Gram Systems An Experimental Technique

1944 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Fryling
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Synthetic Rubber

Emulsion Polymerization of Synthetic Rubber in 10-Gram Systems. An Experimental Technique

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-493
Author(s):  
Charles F. Fryling
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Many manufacturers of monomers, emulsifying agents, initiators, modifiers, and other ingredients going into polymerization reactions find it necessary to have a reliable polymerization procedure for testing the quality of their products. The procedure presented, despite some shortcomings, has many advantages. Minimum amounts of material are required, and large numbers of experiments can be conducted in a relatively short time. A serious effort is made to point out some of the pitfalls which beset investigators of polymerization, regardless of the type of technique employed. The best recommendation for the procedure described is that it has been used to develop certain types of synthetic rubber which are now in commercial production.

Aqueous Phase Diluents in Emulsion Polymerization of Synthetic Rubber

1953 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2738-2742
Author(s):  
L. H. Howland ◽  
J. A. Reynolds ◽  
R. W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Synthetic Rubber

A Study of Synthetic Rubber Latexes by the Electron Microscope

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rupar ◽  
J. M. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Polymer Particles ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Unreacted Monomer ◽  
Colloidal Behavior

Abstract In emulsion polymerization the number and size of the latex particles govern not only the colloidal behavior of the reacting system but also the rate at which conversion of the monomer progresses. Because of the importance of these factors a wide variety of synthetic latexes have been studied with the electron microscope. The changes in the latex particles—from swollen monomer-polymer particles at low conversion to the final latex particles after removal of the unreacted monomer—have been observed for a typical SBR system. The effects of various post polymerization treatments on the size and size distribution of the latex particles have also been observed.

Cleaning Emulsion Polymerization Equipment Fouled by Synthetic Rubber Latex

1953 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1896-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Nettleton ◽  
M. J. G. Davidson ◽  
H. Leverne Williams
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Synthetic Rubber

Reflections on the Past and Future of Polyether Elastomers and on Redox Emulsion Polymerization

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
American Chemical Society ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
To Receive

Abstract I am greatly honored to have been selected to receive the prestigious Charles Goodyear Medal of the Rubber Division of the American Chemical Society. My work in the rubber field falls into two general areas: (1) early discoveries on the redox emulsion polymerization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and (2) polyether elastomers. I am perhaps best known for my work on polyether elastomers since I discovered, patented, and helped develop several families of polyether elastomers which were commercialized and are still important speciality elastomers. Most of my talk will be in that area. However, my SBR studies included my first important polymer-science discovery and preceded those who independently discovered the same systems and who were able to develop them commercially to the considerable advantage of our largest volume synthetic rubber, SBR. After briefly reviewing these past areas, I will give you my reflections on what important future developments for the rubber field could arise in the polyether area.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid retarders in the emulsion polymerization of GR-S synthetic rubber

1949 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldo C. Ault ◽  
B. A. Brice ◽  
Margaret L. Swain ◽  
B. B. Schaeffer ◽  
M. J. Copley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Synthetic Rubber

Reconstruction of electron holograms recorded in a non-FEG, non-biprism TEM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
Z.L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Experimental Technique ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Coherent Sources ◽  
Imaging Theory ◽  
Normal Specimen

An experimental technique for performing electron holography using a non-FEG, non-biprism transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been introduced by Ru et al. A double stacked specimens, one being a single crystal foil and the other the specimen, are loaded in the normal specimen position in TEM. The single crystal, which is placed onto the specimen, is responsible to produce two beams that are equivalent to two virtual coherent sources illuminating the specimen beneath, thus, permitting electron holography of the specimen. In this paper, the imaging theory of this technique is described. Procedures are introduced for digitally reconstructing the holograms.

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