Basic Reactions Occurring during Rubber Reclaiming. II. The Influence of Solvent Naphtha, Storage of Reclaim and Aging of Scrap Prior to Reclaiming, and Infrared Spectra of Natural Rubber Reclaim

D. S. Le Beau

doi:10.5254/1.3542980

Basic Reactions Occurring during Rubber Reclaiming. II. The Influence of Solvent Naphtha, Storage of Reclaim and Aging of Scrap Prior to Reclaiming, and Infrared Spectra of Natural Rubber Reclaim

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3542980 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 560-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. S. Le Beau

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Influence Of Solvent ◽

Solvent Naphtha

Download Full-text

Infrared Analysis of Isomerized, Vulcanized, and Oxidized Natural Rubber

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3542779 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 213-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Salomon ◽

A. Chr van der Schee

Keyword(s):

Double Bond ◽

Infrared Spectrum ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Infrared Spectra ◽

Infrared Analysis ◽

Side Group ◽

Oxidation Reactions ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Group Ii

Abstract This paper is a continuation of our study on the infrared spectra of natural rubber and its derivatives. It was found previously that, in certain reactions of rubber, the original double bond (I) is shifted to the side group (II) and that this leads to significant changes in the chemical and mechanical behavior of the polymer. Others have also reported the occurrence of groups (II) and (III) in rubber and certain rubber derivatives. Group (II) is also found in synthetic polyisoprenes as a result of 3,4-polymerization. We have now measured the intensities of the absorption bands of the rubber spectrum and changes produced by cyclization and isomerization. Certain statements on the formation of (II) and (III) during vulcanization were at variance with our experience, but a detailed investigation cleared up some misconceptions. Modifications brought about by oxidation are chemically related to those produced by sulfuration reactions. A classification of oxidation reactions, based on typical changes in the infrared spectrum, will be proposed in the discussion.

Download Full-text

Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163332 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 174-175

Author(s):

P. Sadhukhan ◽

J. B. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

Download Full-text