Low-Temperature Properties of Plasticized Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Henderson ◽  
L. A. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Styrene Copolymers ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Dibutyl Sebacate ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Measured Transition ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract The second-order transition temperatures of plasticized butadiene-styrene copolymers have been measured by dilatometric techniques. In a series of ester plasticizers, the ability of a given plasticizer to depress the second-order transition temperature of the polymer is related to the swelling effect of the plasticizer on the polymer. The special case of a crystallizing plasticizer (dibutyl sebacate) has been discussed. Common petroleum plasticizers do not appear to behave in a similar manner. The change of coefficient of expansion of the ester-plasticized copolymers is related to the measured transition temperature of the blend.

Refractometric Determination of Second-Order Transition Temperatures in Polymers. IV. Butadiene-Acrylo-Nitrile Copolymers

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Wiley ◽  
G. M. Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Refractometric Determination ◽  
Acrylonitrile Copolymers

Abstract A previous study of the low-temperature properties of a series of vulcanized butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers indicated an approximately linear relation between composition and brittle temperature. This study provides information relating low-temperature properties to copolymer composition for a series of industrially available butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers of varying acrylonitrile content. The refractometric technique for determining second-order transition temperatures (Tm) as previously described was used to determine Tm.

Ideal Copolymers and the Second-Order Transitions of Synthetic Rubbers. I. Noncrystalline Copolymers

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Gordon ◽  
James S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Transition ◽  
Kinetic Measurements ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Binary Copolymers ◽  
General Reduction

Abstract Theoretical and practical evidence is put forward to show that copolymers can be treated like solutions of small molecules in the interpretation of packing phenomena, and that ideal volume-additivity of the repeating units in copolymers is frequently realized. On this basis equations are derived for predicting θ, the second-order transition temperature, of binary copolymers from the two second-order transition temperatures of the pure polymers and their coefficients of expansion in the glassy and rubbery states. Previous mechanistic theories of the second-order transition temperature of such copolymers are thus superseded by a general reduction of the problem to the mechanism of thermal expansion. Practical applications to the choice of monomers in producing synthetic rubbers are outlined, and attention is drawn to the importance of second-order transitions in kinetic measurements on the reactions of polymers.

Structure of Alkali Metal-Catalyzed Butadiene Polymers

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
A. W. Meyer ◽  
R. R. Hampton ◽  
J. A. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Infrared Absorption ◽  
Styrene Copolymers ◽  
A Value ◽  
Second Order Transition ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Absorption Measurements ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract The structures of various sodium and potassium-catalyzed butadiene polymers were determined from infrared absorption measurements. All of the polymers had a higher proportion of butadiene in the 1,2-configuration (45–80 per cent) than emulsion polybutadiene (18–23 per cent). Polybutadienes catalyzed by potassium had 15–20 per cent less butadiene in the 1,2-configuration than those in which sodium was the catalyst. When a mixture of sodium and potassium was used, the results were nearly the same as with the potassium catalyst alone. Polybutadienes made at 5° had 10 to 15 per cent more butadiene in the 1,2-configuration than those made at 45°. Diluent type had little or no effect on the structure of the polybutadienes. The butadiene portions of butadiene-styrene copolymers were found to have the same relative proportions of 1,2-, cis-1,4- and trans-1,4-configurations as the butadiene homopolymers. The second order transition temperature of sodium-catalyzed polybutadiene polymerized at 30° was −45°, whereas the 75° polybutadiene had a value of −64°.

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