The Coagulation Mechanism of Butadiene—Styrene Latex

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Glikman ◽  
E. P. Korchagina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Nephelometric Method ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Aggregation Processes ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Latex Coagulation ◽  
Lyophobic Sols ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract 1. It is shown that the absolute values of the coagulation thresholds of SKS-30A latexes diluted down to 0.01% correspond to the usual values for lyophobic sols. The values for NaCl are 200 times those for CaCl2, and increase with the latex concentration. The complete coagulation concentration for NaCl is 30 times that for CaCl2, and does not depend on the dilution of the latex. 2. It was shown by a nephelometric method that the volume of the primary particles formed in coagulation of the latex by sodium chloride is about 10 times the volume of the uncoagulated latex globules, irrespective of the latex concentration. 3. Consideration of the experimental data, in conjunction with facts reported in the literature, leads to the concept of two stages in the coagulation of latex by electrolytes: the first is the consequence of a decrease of the zeta potential, leading to the formation of primary particles, and the second leads to coalescence of these particles. The secondary aggregation processes can be prevented or modified by introduction of certain additives (nonelectrolytes) into the latex. 4. In additon to an explanation of the mechanism of latex coagulation by electrolytes, and a demonstration that this process can be controlled, indications are given of means of an approach to development of conditions for the production of a good blanket by coagulation of latex by sodium chloride, with a much decreased consumption of the latter.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF RELAXATION ABSORPTION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES IN AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF CALCIUM ACETATE

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 970-978
Author(s):  
Z. Nizomov ◽  
M. Asozoda ◽  
A. Olimi ◽  
A. Karimzoda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Calcium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Anion ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Calcium Cations ◽  
Calcium Cation

The absorption of ultrasonic waves in the frequency range from 6 to 146 MHz in aqueous solutions of sodium acetate, sodium chloride and calcium has been studied. It was found that only in solutions of calcium cations and acetate anion present simultaneously, relaxation absorption of ultrasonic waves is observed. The experimental data obtained indicate that the observed relaxation absorption of ultrasound in the studied frequency range by an aqueous solution of calcium acetate is associated with the interaction of the acetate anion with the calcium cation in the solution.

The fluctuations of Cerenkov radiation flashes caused by extensive air showers

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S92-S94 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cerenkov Radiation ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Primary Particles

The experimental data concerning the fluctuations of Cerenkov flashes in the atmosphere are analyzed to investigate the composition of primary particles for the energy range 1014–1016 eV.

Formation and Evolution of Liquid Pools Entrapped within Primary Particles of In Situ Mg2Si/AM60B Composite with Fine-Grains during Partial Remelting

2013 ◽  
Vol 446-447 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Su Qing Zhang ◽  
Ti Jun Chen ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Yuan Dong Li ◽  
Yuan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Partial Remelting ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Liquid Pools ◽  
Two Stages

The formation mechanism and evolution of liquid pools entrapped within solid grains have been investigated during partial remelting of in-situ Mg2Si/AM60B composite with fine-grains during partial remelting. The results indicate that the merging of dendrite arms during the initial stage of partial remelting is the main cause for the formation of the entrapped liquid pools. In view of phase transformations, the formation of the entrapped liquid pools is attributed to the reactions of α+β→L and α→L, essentially. The evolution of the liquid pools during latter heating can be divided into two stages: the agglomeration of each others and connection with intergranular liquid.

Structure of the Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer

1942 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Alekseeva ◽  
R. M. Belitzkaya
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Styrene Copolymer ◽  
Varied Structure ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Abstract The experimental data indicate that joint polymerization of styrene and butadiene results in copolymers of varied structure. Of the styrene, 31.2 per cent forms, with the butadiene, macromolecules in which the two components alternate regularly, whereby the butadiene combines in its 1,4-position. Forty per cent of the styrene forms macromolecules, in which two units of styrene interlink adjacently. Such “styrene pairs” are separated by one or more molecules of butadiene polymerizing in their 1,4-position. The remaining 29 per cent of styrene evidently enters into the composition of branched macromolecules, formed as the result of butadiene linking both in the 1,2- and in the 1,4-positions. Taking into consideration the fact that formic acid must have been formed from macromolecules, with butadiene linked in the 1,2-position, we can conclude that 23.3 per cent of the butadiene polymerized in its 1,2-position, and the rest in the 1,4-configuration.

On the Calculation of Seizure Considering the Plastic Flow of the Surficial Layers

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Kragelsky ◽  
N. M. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Protective Films ◽  
Deformation Hardening ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages

A scheme for estimating, in two stages, the seizure of friction pairs has been proposed. The first stage is the assessment of the extent of destruction of lubricant or other protective films. The second stage deals with plastic flow which occurs in surficial layers of the solid. For the second stage, the solid is assumed to be perfectly plastic with deformation hardening. This material model allows the definition of conditions at which plastic flow develops and damage of the surfaces occurs in the form of torn out wedges. Examples of such an estimate for seizure which considers both the properties of lubricant and protective surface films and mechanical properties of the surficial layer of material have been given. Comparison is made of the estimate and experimental data.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Effects of Salts and Carbohydrates on L-Lysine in Aqueous System at T=293.15K

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-709
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Aqueous System ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Stabilization Mechanism ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Physicochemical Studies

Physicochemical studies of amino acids in an aqueous medium can provide significant knowledge about the stabilization mechanism of proteins.In this study, the viscosity (ƞ), surface tension (γ), density (ρ) and the specific conductance (κ) measurements have been carried out for amino acid L-lysine (0.02 to 1.6M) in aqueous solutions at 293.15K. The experimental data shows that there is an increase in the viscosity, surface tension, conductance, and density of the L-lysine with and without glucose, sucrose, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride with concentration.The solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions have been discussed on the basis of all physicochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Исследование влияния размеров образцов на скорость деформации при определении прочностных динамических характеристик материала

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
А.Д. Евстифеев ◽  
Г.А. Волков ◽  
А.А. Чеврычкина ◽  
Ю.В. Петров
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Dynamic Tension ◽  
Drop Hammer ◽  
Tension Experiments ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

AbstractTest results are presented for an additive material prepared of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene on a 3D printer. Dynamic tension experiments have been carried out using a tower-type drop hammer with an accelerator. Data obtained from different specimens demonstrate that high-strain-rate tensile experiments are feasible if the working part of the specimen is decreased. A theoretical analysis of test data using the incubation time criterion has been performed, and it has been found that analytical results are in good agreement with experimental data.

Numerical Model Development and Validation for the WECCCOMP Control Competition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Tom ◽  
Kelley Ruehl ◽  
Francesco Ferri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Numerical Implementation ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Experimental Implementation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Development And Validation

This paper details the development and validation of a numerical model of the Wavestar wave energy converter (WEC) developed in WEC-Sim. This numerical model was developed in support of the WEC Control Competition (WECCCOMP), a competition with the objective of maximizing WEC performance over costs through innovative control strategies. WECCCOMP has two stages: numerical implementation of control strategies, and experimental implementation. The work presented in this paper is for support of the numerical implementation, where contestants are provided a WEC-Sim model of the 1:20 scale Wavestar device to develop their control algorithms. This paper details the development of the numerical model in WEC-Sim and of its validation through comparison to experimental data.

The Conductance of Sodium Perchlorate in Water-sulfolane Mixtures at 35 °C

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Petrella ◽  
Maurizio Castagnolo ◽  
Antonio Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Sodium Perchlorate ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Aprotic Solvents ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Protic Solvents

Abstract Measurements on the conductance of dilute solutions of sodium Perchlorate, at 35 °C, in water-sulfolane mixtures over the entire solvent composition range are reported. Experimental data were analyzed by the 1965 Fuoss-Onsager-Skinner equations.No detectable ion association was found for this electrolyte, unlike sodium chloride in the same solvent mixtures. The association order KA(Cl-)>KA(ClO4-) is in contrast with that observed in protic solvents [KA(ClO4-)>KA(Cl-)] and is similar to that found in aprotic solvents. This shows that in water-sulfolane mixtures, association phenomena are mainly controlled by sulfolane.The lack of transport numbers for water-sulfolane mixtures precludes unambiguous explanations for Waiden products A0η.

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