On the Calculation of Seizure Considering the Plastic Flow of the Surficial Layers

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Kragelsky ◽  
N. M. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Protective Films ◽  
Deformation Hardening ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages

A scheme for estimating, in two stages, the seizure of friction pairs has been proposed. The first stage is the assessment of the extent of destruction of lubricant or other protective films. The second stage deals with plastic flow which occurs in surficial layers of the solid. For the second stage, the solid is assumed to be perfectly plastic with deformation hardening. This material model allows the definition of conditions at which plastic flow develops and damage of the surfaces occurs in the form of torn out wedges. Examples of such an estimate for seizure which considers both the properties of lubricant and protective surface films and mechanical properties of the surficial layer of material have been given. Comparison is made of the estimate and experimental data.

On Linkage and Revaluation

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Gilad
Keyword(s):  
Tort Law ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
The Real ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Injured Party ◽  
Compensation For Damage ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages

The breach of contract or commission of a civil wrong gives rise to a right of the injured party to compensation for damage caused by the violation of his right. In principle, the amount of money to be received as compensation is determined in two stages: the first stage is the establishment of the real scope of the compensable damage, i.e. the definition of the loss or detriment with respect to which the victim is entitled to compensation; the second stage is the monetary assessment of the compensable damage—translating the loss or detriment into monetary units which will reflect the financial value of such loss or damage. The whole process is governed by the higher principle ofrestitutio in integrum, i.e. restoring the victim to his former position, which in the field of tort law means restoration of the victim to his position prior to the commission of the tort, and, in the field of contracts, means bringing him to the situation in which he would have been had the agreement been honoured.

scholarly journals Use of shakedown maps to assess plastic flow in railway curves

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
SJ Hawksbee ◽  
GJ Tucker ◽  
M Burstow
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic

Plastic deformation of rails can occur on tight curves, which can significantly reduce the rail life. This paper investigated the phenomena of gross plastic deformation, or plastic flow, using multibody vehicle–track interaction and simplified finite element analysis. The focus is on understanding the contact conditions on the low rail of curves and how these differ from those in shakedown maps. To this end, two trial sites are simulated using multibody vehicle–track software. The contact conditions are then compared against several criteria assumed in the derivation of the shakedown maps. A further assumption implicit in the shakedown maps is also investigated by a non-linear finite element analysis. In this case, a more realistic Chaboche material model is used as opposed to the simple linear elastic–perfectly plastic model in the shakedown theory. The results of the finite element analysis are combined with a bespoke indicator of plastic flow to assess the influence of distance to shakedown limits on the likely plastic flow. Finally, a simple interpolation scheme is used to map the finite element results back to the trial sites. The interpolated results for the sites are used to evaluate the influence of running speed and different levels of wheel profile wear. Results suggest that the bespoke indicator defined in this work can be used as an effective measure of plastic flow; this measure is then used to quantify the influence of cant excess on the rates of plastic flow.

An estimation of critical buckling strain for pipe subjected plastic bending

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ji ◽  
M. Zheng ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
L. Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Buckling Analysis ◽  
Plastic Bending ◽  
Estimation Formula ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Critical Buckling Strain ◽  
Pipe Bending

AbstractAn approach for estimating critical buckling strain of pipe subjected plastic bending is established in the present paper. A rigid — perfectly plastic material model and cross section ovalization of pipe during bending are employed for the approach. The energy rates of the ovalised pipe bending and the cross section ovalising are proposed firstly. Furthermore, these energy rates are combined to perform the buckling analysis of pipe bending, an estimation formula of critical buckling strain for pipe subjected plastic bending is proposed. The predicting result of the new critical buckling strain formula is compared with the available experimental data, it shows that the formula is valid.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of intermittent drying of high moisture foods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Mauro ◽  
Ana Paula Filippin ◽  
Érika Fernanda Rezendes Tada ◽  
João Claudio Thomeo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Water Diffusivity ◽  
Finite Differences Method ◽  
Mass Transport Modeling ◽  
Two Stages

This study aimed at the modeling and simulation of intermittent drying to be applied to highly deformable moist foods such as apples. Mass transport modeling considered two stages: the first at 95, 85 and 75ºC air temperatures, and the second at 60ºC. The shrinkage was correlated with the sample moisture and included in the model that was solved by the finite differences method. The first stage temperatures affected the water diffusivity in the second stage. This model was suitable for simulating the water profiles during the two-stage intermittent drying, showing an efficient fitting to the experimental data. Keywords: thermal intermittence; coefficient diffusion effective; shrinkage; apple drying.  

scholarly journals Penyusunan Artikel Hasil Penelitian

Kanigara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Moh. Syukron Maftuh ◽  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Lydia Lia Prayitno ◽  
Silviana Maya Purwasih ◽  
Sri Rahmawati Fitriatien
Keyword(s):  
High School Teachers ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages

The preparation of research articles is an obligation of high school teachers as an effort to support their careers. However, many of the teachers of SMAN 1 Dawarblandong have experienced difficulties in compiling articles. This community service uses workshops. The participants are teachers of SMAN 1 Dawarblandong. This activity will be divided into two stages, namely the initial stage starting with the dissemination of the delivery of the definition of scientific articles and the importance of writing scientific articles and the second stage of a workshop on assisting the preparation of scientific articles based on research results. From these activities, it was found that teachers were more familiar with the basic concepts of scientific articles and were able to compile scientific articles of research results well.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

Analisis Kebutuhan Petunjuk Praktikum Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains untuk Mencapai Kemampuan Merancang Eksperimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Friska Septiani Silitonga ◽  
Veri Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Core Competence ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Science Process Skills ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Core Competence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Practical Instruction ◽  
Design Experiments

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan petunjuk praktikum berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) untuk mencapai kemampuan merancang eksperimen pada materi kalor reaksi kalorimetri. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tanjungpinang. Variabel penelitian mencakup analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dan analisis kesesuaian Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dengan cara membandingkan dua petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini telah digunakan di sekolah tersebut, ditinjau dari aspek struktur format penulisan, aspek kreativitas, dan aspek keterampilan proses sains yang terdapat dalam petunjuk praktikum. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini digunakan tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didiknya untuk merancang eksperimen yang telah ditentukan. Tahapan kedua yaitu menganalisis kesesuaian kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar, yang bertujuan untuk menentukan indikator pencapaian kompetensi (IPK) yang akan menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum berbasis keterampilan proses sains. Dari kedua tahapan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik memerlukan petunjuk praktikum yang mampu mengonstruksi pikiran dan mengaktifkan kinerja mereka, sehingga pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Sains menjadi pilihan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik kurikulum 2013.   This research aims to analyze the needs of Science Process Skills based Practical Instruction to achieve the ability to design experiments on the calor of reaction. This research was done to the students of class XI SMA Negeri 2 Tanjungpinang City. Research Variable includes the analysis of the needs of the learning materials and analysis of the suitability of the Core Competence (KI) and Basic Competence (KD). The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative research. The first stages in this research is to analyze the needs of learning materials by comparing two practical instructions that had been implementing in the school, from the aspects of the structure of writing format, creativity, and science process skills embedded in practical instructions. The conclusion of this research that current practical instructions does not give an opportunity to the participants to design determined experiments. The second stage, namely analyzing the suitability of core competence and basic competence, which aims to determine the indicators of achievement of the competencies (GPA) which will be a reference in developing process skills-based teaching instructions science. Of the two stages that has been done then it can be concluded that learners need practical instructions to construct  thinking and and their performance, so the Science Process Skills approach is an option in developing practical instruction suitable for the characteristics of the curriculum of 2013.

ESTIMATING GAS AND ROCK OUTBURST RISK ON THE BASIS OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE – THE EXPERT SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Outburst Hazard

Abstract The Author endeavored to consult some of the Polish experts who deal with assessing and preventing outburst hazards as to their knowledge and experience. On the basis of this knowledge, an expert system, based on fuzzy logic, was created. The system allows automatic assessment of outburst hazard. The work was completed in two stages. The first stage involved researching relevant sources and rules concerning outburst hazard, and, subsequently, determining a number of parameters measured or observed in the mining industry that are potentially connected with the outburst phenomenon and can be useful when estimating outburst hazard. Then, the Author contacted selected experts who are actively involved in preventing outburst hazard, both in the industry and science field. The experts were anonymously surveyed, which made it possible to select the parameters which are the most essential in assessing outburst hazard. The second stage involved gaining knowledge from the experts by means of a questionnaire-interview. Subjective opinions on estimating outburst hazard on the basis of the parameters selected during the first stage were then systematized using the structures typical of the expert system based on fuzzy logic.

Diagnostics of metal samples using the results of experimental and theoretical study of positively charged microparticles formed upon sample destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Golentsov ◽  
A. G. Gulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Likhter ◽  
K. E. Ulybyshev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Using Data

Destruction of bodies is accompanied by formation of both large and microscopic fragments. Numerous experiments on the rupture of different samples show that those fragments carry a positive electric charge. his phenomenon is of interest from the viewpoint of its potential application to contactless diagnostics of the early stage of destruction of the elements in various technical devices. However, the lack of understanding the nature of this phenomenon restricts the possibility of its practical applications. Experimental studies were carried out using an apparatus that allowed direct measurements of the total charge of the microparticles formed upon sample rupture and determination of their size and quantity. The results of rupture tests of duralumin and electrical steel showed that the size of microparticles is several tens of microns, the particle charge per particle is on the order of 10–14 C, and their amount can be estimated as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample at the point of discontinuity to the square of the microparticle size. A model of charge formation on the microparticles is developed proceeding from the experimental data and current concept of the electron gas in metals. The model makes it possible to determine the charge of the microparticle using data on the particle size and mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Model estimates of the total charge of particles show order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data.

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