The Chemistry of Vulcanization. IV. Action of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole on the Reaction of Diphenylmethane and Sulfur

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitsuo Tsurugi ◽  
Takeshige Nakabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Kinetic Investigation ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Excellent Model ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Mechanism Of The Reaction

Abstract In Part I of this series, the mechanism of the reaction of diphenylmethane (DPM) and sulfur was discussed, and in Part II, a kinetic investigation was carried out. In this paper, the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction involving DPM, sulfur and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) will be reported and compared with those of Parts I and II, respectively. Thus the accelerating effect of MBT has been elucidated clearly. DPM which has no olefinic double bonds but which has α-methylenic hydrogen adjacent to aromatic double bonds has been shown to be an excellent model for studying the mechanism of acceleration by the methods of organic chemistry. The significance of DPM as a model of rubber hydrocarbon in the presence of sulfur alone was discussed in Part I. British investigators using olefins such as dihydromyrcene and squalene as models studied the mechanism of acceleration. However, they could not deduce the mechanism so clearly as we in this paper, only because the reaction of olefins with sulfur seemed to be more complex than that of DPM. Investigations on the reaction of DPM, sulfur and accelerators in the presence of either zinc oxide or zinc soap will be reported in other papers of this series.

Oxidations with Iodosobenzene Diacetate. IX. A Kinetic investigation of the reaction with substituted-2-Nitroanilines

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
KH Pausacker ◽  
JG Scroggie
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reversible Reaction ◽  
Kinetic Investigation ◽  
Excellent Yield ◽  
Electrical Effect ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Mechanism Of The Reaction

Benzofurazan oxides are formed in excellent yield when certain substituted-2-nitroanilines react with iodosobenzene diacetate in benzene containing 1 per cent. (by volume) of acetic acid. The kinetics of this reaction have been studied. It is considered that the mechanism of the reaction involves a reversible reaction of the 2-nitroaniline with iodosobenzene diacetate to form acetic acid and an intermediate which is then converted to benzofurazan oxide, iodobenzene, and acetic acid. This reaction is therefore similar to the reaction of iodosobenzene diacetate with glycols. The rates of oxidation of substituted-2-nitroanilines could not be correlated with the electrical effect of the substituent. The reasons for this are discussed in detail.

Oil extraction from the sunflower seeds, mechanism and kinetics of the process

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Ye. M. Semenyshyn ◽  
◽  
V. M. Atamanyuk ◽  
O. Ya. Dobrovetska ◽  
T. I. Rymar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Studies on the Behavior Some Paints in Electro-insulating Fluid Based on Vegetable Esters

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Iosif Lingvay ◽  
Adriana Mariana Bors ◽  
Livia Carmen Ungureanu ◽  
Valerica Stanoi ◽  
Traian Rus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Painting Materials ◽  
Insulating Paper ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Natural Ester

For the purpose of using three different types of painting materials for the inner protection of the transformer vats, their behavior was studied under actual conditions of operation in the transformer (thermal stress in electro-insulating fluid based on the natural ester in contact with copper for electro-technical use and electro-insulating paper). By comparing determination of the content in furans products (HPLC technique) and gases formed (by gas-chromatography) in the electro-insulating fluid (natural ester with high oleic content) thermally aged at 130 �C to 1000 hours in closed glass vessels, it have been found that the presence the investigated painting materials lead to a change in the mechanism and kinetics of the thermo-oxidation processes. These changes are supported by oxygen dissolved in oil, what leads to decrease both to gases formation CO2, CO, H2, CH4, C2H4 and C2H6) and furans products (5-HMF, 2-FOL, 2 -FAL and 2-ACF). The painting materials investigated during the heat treatment applied did not suffer any remarkable structural changes affecting their functionality in the electro-insulating fluid based on vegetable esters.

Mechanism and Kinetics of the Hydrogen Failure of Thermoelectric Materials during Water Electrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102-1115
Author(s):  
M. A. Korzhuev ◽  
I. V. Katin ◽  
M. A. Kretova ◽  
E. S. Avilov
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Spectrocoulometry – a new spectro-electrochemical technique

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Mocák ◽  
Michal Németh ◽  
Mieczyslaw Lapkowski ◽  
Jerzy W. Strojek
Keyword(s):  
Optical Probe ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Electrochemical Technique ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
Hydrolytic Reaction ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

A spectrocoulometric macrocell with a direct-view optical probe was designed and constructed, where the optical signal is transferred by light-conducting glass or quartz fibres permitting to work at wavelengths above 410 or 300 nm. The method of measurement on the proposed equipment is described; it was tested in the study of the mechanism and kinetics of oxidation of Fe(bipy)32+ ions (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) with the use of potentiostatic coulometric electrolysis with open-circuit relaxation at a suitable time. The primary product of electrolysis, Fe(bipy)33+, undergoes a follow-up hydrolytic reaction with the formation of a binuclear complex. The rate constant of the reaction of the first order involves the contributions, kBi, from all bases present in solution; the corresponding values for H2O, OH-, bipy, and CH3COO- ions at a ionic strength 0·5 mol dm-3 and 25 °C were determined as kOH = (5·0 ± 0·6) . 105 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kbipy = (1·3 ± 0·2) . 10-1 mol-1 dm3 s-1, kAc = (5·8 ± 1·0) . 10-2 mol-1 dm3 s-1, and kH2O is not significant with respect to experimental errors.

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