A New Method for Determining the Vulcanization Characteristics of Rubber Compounds

1958 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Peter ◽  
W. Heidemann
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Single Sample ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract The complete course of the vulcanization curve is obtained by measuring the values of the dynamic shear modulus during a period while the test sample is held at the vulcanization temperature. The measurements are made about the position of zero distortion. The curves are in good agreement with those obtained by a step-cure method, and scorch data agree well with those obtained with the Mooney apparatus. The method has the following advantages and disadvantages. A. Advantages 1) The course of the vulcanization curve is established on a single sample without curing in stages. 2) Minimum material is required. 3) The test is quickly performed. 4) Good reproducibility is observed. 5) The unit lends itself readily to automatic recording so that one man can easily operate several instruments. B. Disadvantages 1) The apparatus should be operated by trained workers. 2) The cost of the apparatus is rather high.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC SHEAR MODULUS AND DAMPING RATIO OF SATURATED SAND UNDER CYCLIC LOADING

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jiuting Cao ◽  
Sijie Huang ◽  
Baocun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Vibration Frequency ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Test System ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Saturated Sand ◽  
Good Agreement

Initial shear stress is inevitable in actual engineering slopes, subgrades and foundations, and soils exhibit different dynamic characteristics under the influence of initial shear stress. Using a dynamic triaxial test system, this study explores the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of saturated sand from Wenchuan, investigates the effects of the initial shear stress and vibration frequencies on the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of saturated sand and proposes a normalised dynamic shear modulus formula that considers the initial shear stress and vibration frequency. Results show a threshold dynamic shear strain of the saturated sand. When the dynamic shear strain is below this threshold, the dynamic shear modulus significantly increases with the initial shear stress and vibration frequency. Otherwise, the influence of the initial shear stress and vibration frequency gradually decreases and eventually stabilises. The initial shear stress significantly affects the normalised dynamic shear modulus/strain curves where a larger initial shear stress corresponds to a higher curve. Meanwhile, the vibration frequency only exerts a slight influence. The curves under different frequencies are generally within the same band and fall near the Seed upper envelope. The initial shear stress also has a significant influence on the damping ratio where a larger initial shear stress corresponds to a smaller damping ratio. On the basis of the experimental results, a normalised dynamic shear modulus/shear strain formula that considers the influence of the initial shear stress and vibration frequency is established. Fitting results indicate that this formula shows good agreement with the test data.

Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Gravel Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 1426-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Gao Zou ◽  
Tao Gong ◽  
Jing Mao Liu ◽  
Xian Jing Kong
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Shear Strain Amplitude

Two of the most important parameters in dynamic analysis involving soils are the dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio. In this study, a series of tests were performed on gravels. For comparison, some other tests carried out by other researchers were also collected. The test results show that normalized shear modulus and damping ratio vary with the shear strain amplitude, (1) normalized shear modulus decreases with the increase of dynamic shear strain amplitude, and as the confining pressure increases, the test data points move from the low end toward the high end; (2) damping ratio increases with the increase of shear strain amplitude, damping ratio is dependent on confining pressure where an increase in confining pressure decreased damping ratio. According to the test results, a reference formula is proposed to evaluate the maximum dynamic shear modulus, the best-fit curve and standard deviation bounds for the range of data points are also proposed.

scholarly journals The effect of fluid saturation on the dynamic shear modulus of tight sandstones

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Li ◽  
Jianxin Wei ◽  
Bangrang Di ◽  
Pinbo Ding ◽  
Da Shuai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Fluid Saturation

Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics of Ionic Soil Stabilizer Reinforcing Red Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1391-1395
Author(s):  
Xue Song Lu ◽  
Wei Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Dynamic Condition ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Soil Stabilizer

Based on the red clay of Wuhan reinforced by Ionic Soil Stabilizer, the red clay soil is treated by different matches of ISS at first, then is tested in the Atterberg limits test and dynamic triaxia test. The results show that the plastic index decreases, and the red clay were greatly improved under the dynamic condition, the maximum dynamic shear modulus ratio acquired an incensement of 27.72% on average after mixing the ISS into the red clay. In addition, It was concluded that the confining pressure influenced the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio to a certain extent. Given the same strain conditions, with the incensement of confining pressure increases, the dynamic shear modulus increased and the damping ratio decreased. Moreover, when plotting the dynamic shear modulus versus the dynamic shear strain, the similar curve can be formed for both the natural soil and the modified one, the dynamic shear modulus monotonously decreased with the incensement of the dynamic shear strain. However, the value of dynamic shear modulus differed in the same shear strain between the natural soil and the soil modified by ISS.

scholarly journals LONG-TIME INVESTIGATION OF CEMENT COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH MICRONIZED WASTE MARBLE POWDER: DYNAMIC MODULES

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Prošek ◽  
Jaroslav Topič
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Marble Powder

This article focus on “blended cement”. The blended cement was created by using waste marble powder (WMP) as a partial replacement for cement. We investigated the influence of WMP on the developing of the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the dynamic shear modulus in time. Four different cement composites with WMP as a partial replacement for cement were studied (5, 10, 15 and 50 wt. %) together with reference samples. Dynamic modulus of elasticity was monitored during the first 377 days since manufacture by use of non-destructive testing (resonance method). The results showed that WMP in a small amount had a no effect on the dynamic modulus of elasticity and the dynamic shear modulus.

Inference of Dynamic Shear Modulus from Lotung Downhole Data

1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-Y. Chang ◽  
Chin Man Mok ◽  
H.-T. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear

scholarly journals Characterization of the Dynamic Properties of Clay–Gravel Mixtures at Low Strain Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Huang ◽  
Aizhao Zhou ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Pengming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Gravel Content

In order to support the dynamic design of subgrade filling engineering, an experiment on the dynamic shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (D) of clay–gravel mixtures (CGMs) was carried out. Forty-two groups of resonant column tests were conducted to explore the effects of gravel content (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, which was the mass ratio of gravel to clay), gravel shape (round and angular gravels), and confining pressure (100, 200, and 300 kPa) on the dynamic shear modulus, and damping ratio of CGMs under the same compacting power. The test results showed that, with the increase of gravel content, the maximum dynamic shear modulus of CGMs increases, the referent shear strain increases linearly, and the minimum and maximum damping ratios decrease gradually. In CGMs with round gravels, the maximum dynamic shear modulus and the maximum damping ratio are greater, and the referent shear strain and the minimum damping ratio are smaller, compared to those with angular gravels. With the increase of confining pressure, the maximum dynamic shear modulus and the referent shear strain increase nonlinearly, while the minimum and maximum damping ratios decrease nonlinearly. The predicting equation for the dynamic shear modulus and the damping ratio of CGMs when considering confining pressure, gravel content, and shape was established. The results of this research may put forward a solid foundation for engineering design considering low-strain-level mechanical performance.

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