A Broad Nomenclature for Carbon Blacks

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-697
Author(s):  
Donald F. Cranor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
The United States ◽  
Channel Process ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Channel Type

Abstract The introduction of new carbons for use in rubber and the application of established grades to new uses has led to a confusing terminology. Perhaps it should be said that lack of terminology has led to confusion. Since entry of the United States into the War, reclaimed rubber has been used more generously in tires, including tread stocks, to extend the natural rubber stockpile. This has brought about a considerable use of black of the impingement channel type, which is slightly coarser and somewhat less reenforcing than that previously employed in tire treads. The grade in question has long been available for specialized uses, and has been referred to within the carbon industry as “soft channel black”. However, it is unfortunate that rubber compounders have more recently come quite frequently to refer to this type simply as “soft black”. Intermediate carbons not made by the channel process are now receiving wide attention. These, and a large group of already established grades, are distinctly coarser than the softest channel black, so it is a matter of some importance to exercise care in the nomenclature.

STUDIES OF CARBON BLACK: II. THE CHANNEL PROCESS—PRODUCTION FROM THE NATURAL GAS OF TURNER VALLEY, ALBERTA

1936 ◽  
Vol 14b (4) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
L. M. Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Channel Process ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Channel Type

The production of carbon black in an experimental plant of the channel type is described. Carbon black has been produced from Turner Valley dry gas in yields as high as 1.3 lb. per 1000 cu. ft. The rubber reinforcing properties, methylene blue sorption, and per cent extractable are similar to those of the commercial carbon blacks available at present. The presence of hydrogen sulphide in the gas has been examined, but little effect on yields and properties was noticed with concentrations as high as 1% by volume.

scholarly journals Varying Effects of APOE Alleles on Extreme Longevity in European Ethnicities

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S45-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gurinovich ◽  
Stacy L Andersen ◽  
Annibale Puca ◽  
Gil Atzmon ◽  
Nir Barzilai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Extreme Longevity ◽  
E4 Allele

Abstract APOE is a well-studied gene with multiple effects on aging and longevity. The gene has three alleles: e2, e3, and e4, whose frequencies vary by ethnicity. While the e2 is associated with healthy cognitive aging, the e4 allele is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and early mortality and therefore its prevalence among people with extreme longevity (EL) is low. Using the PopCluster algorithm, we identified several ethnically different clusters in which the effect of the e2 and e4 alleles on EL changed substantially. For example, PopCluster discovered a large group of 1,309 subjects enriched of Southern Italian genetic ancestry with weaker protective effect of e2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, p = .14) and weaker damaging effect of e4 (OR = 0.82, p = .31) on the phenotype of EL compared to other European ethnicities. Further analysis of this cluster suggests that the odds for EL in carriers of the e4 allele with Southern Italian genetic ancestry differ depending on whether they live in the United States (OR = 0.29, p = .009) or Italy (OR = 1.21, p = .38). PopCluster also found clusters enriched of subjects with Danish ancestry with varying effect of e2 on EL. The country of residence (Denmark or United States) appears to change the odds for EL in the e2 carriers.

Mary of Agreda and the Southwest United States

1953 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Southwest United States ◽  
Strange Story ◽  
History Of ◽  
Franciscan Missions ◽  
Missionary Church

IN 1630 FRAY ALONSO DE BENAVIDES, the former superior of the Franciscan missions in New Mexico, returned to Spain and wrote for Philip IV a report on the activities of the missionaries of his custodia. In this report is found one of the most interesting accounts in the whole history of the missionary Church in America. It is the strange story of the miraculous conversion of the Jumano Indians and of other tribes in the Southwest of the United States by a Spanish nun, Sor María de Jesús de Agreda. In 1622 Fray Alonso de Benavides had come to the missions of New Mexico with a large group of Franciscans. Being their superior, he assigned them to various missions. One of the group, Fray Juan de Salas, he sent to work among the Indians of Isleta near present-day Albuquerque.

Cellular Rubbers

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-956
Author(s):  
Louis P. Gould
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Made In

Abstract This paper has presented a report on the progress which has been made in the cellular rubber field during the past several years; now a few words about the future. It is said that Russia has seventeen kinds of Buna-S. At present the United States has only one kind, namely, GR-S. Of course, this country does have several types of Buna-N and several types of Neoprene. Possibly the day will come when there will be available one or more types of both solid and liquid synthetic rubbers made specifically for the manufacture of cellular rubber products. In the past, many production difficulties in this field have been due to variation in the plasticity and in the rate of cure of different lots of natural rubbers, and to variation in the stability and rate of cure of different shipments of natural rubber latices. These difficulties may well be overcome in the synthetic rubbers of tomorrow.

scholarly journals The Polish American narratives, memories and identities in the historian’s job

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Joanna Wojdon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
American History ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Official Sources

The article concerns different kinds of “personal” (in contrast to “official”) sources used by historians dealing with the post-World War II Polish American history. The Author considers advantages and shortcomings of analyzing personal correspondence, personal memos, diaries and memoirs, formal and informal interviews and other oral testimonies, but also difficulties and problems they bring to a researcher. Studying those types of source is however often crucial in the absence of official archival documents reflecting e.g. the ethnic identity of the large group of the Americans of Polish descent, or the backstage of the process of their assimilation and organization in the United States.

Performance of Butyl Inner Tubes. Influence on Tire Life

1947 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1086-1098
Author(s):  
I. E. Lightbown ◽  
L. S. Verde ◽  
J. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
United States Army ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earth Mover ◽  
Made In

Abstract Since the first scientific paper on Butyl rubber was presented, numerous publications have described the properties and compounding technique of this polymer. Although Butyl has been referred to as a specialty rubber, it can also be used to replace natural rubber in many applications. Butyl was found to be a remarkable barrier to the passage of gases, including air. The polymer also deteriorated very little on aging and had excellent tear resistance. Because of these properties Butyl was first considered for inner tubes, and in this application Butyl has found its largest commercial acceptance. Automobile inner tubes were first made experimentally in September, 1940. With Butyl made in the Standard Oil pilot plant this experimental work continued until April, 1943, when the first government plant began producing Butyl commercially. From that time until the present Butyl has been used successfully to manufacture all types and sizes of inner tubes ranging from bicycle tubes of 1¼-inch cross-section to earth-mover tubes of 24-inch cross-section. Butyl tubes were first used by the United States Army for service in the European war theater in May, 1944. The following month Butyl was used in essential civilian trucks; but not until September, 1945, was sufficient Butyl available for civilian automobile tubes.

AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF ALBERTA

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bowman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Check List ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Annotated List

This list consists of 1825 species and varieties of Lepidoptera which have been taken in Alberta. Of these, 657 are records of captures in the hitherto almost completely neglected Microlepidoptera. Though few specialists on this continent have studied the taxonomy of this large group, those who have done so in certain families have generously assisted in classifying the species which are recorded. Unfortunately, in a few families it has been impossible to obtain this assistance. Despite the omissions this necessitates, the list constitutes the most comprehensive catalogue of Microlepidoptera which has, up to the present, been attempted for any province in the Dominion.Arrangement and nomenclature are based on McDunnough's Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States, published in 1938 and 1939. Proposed modifications in nomenclature, presented in subsequent publications, are substituted if they appear to be gaining general acceptance.Locality records for captures are presented by a system of ecological areas of which the chief climatological and biological characteristics are briefly described.

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