An Electrophoretic Study of the Proteins in Rubber Latex Serum

1943 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-549
Author(s):  
Charles P. Roe ◽  
Roswell H. Ewart
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Vacuum Sublimation ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract 1. The serum from unpreserved rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) latex contains seven electrophoretically distinct protein components. The proteins from whole serum originating in Sumatra and Florida give very similar results in electrophoresis experiments. 2. The relationship between electrophoretic mobility and pH has been determined for five of the seven protein components of unpreserved total latex serum. The results are considerably different from those reported by workers with ammonia-preserved latex, and tend to clarify observed differences in the stability behavior of unpreserved and preserved latex. 3. Ammonia-preservation treatment rapidly alters the electrophoretic behavior of the native protein components of latex serum and reduces the number of resolvable components from seven to two. 4. The preparation of dry latex protein from rubber-free latex serum can be accomplished by the vacuum sublimation of frozen serum. This process does not appear to produce important changes in the electrophoretic properties of the total serum proteins. 5. Minor modifications of the electrodes and of the standard illumination system in the electrophoresis apparatus are described.

Muscle Weight Relationship to Serum Proteins, Hemocytes, and Hepatopancreas in the Lobster, Homarus americanus

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
John W. Cornick ◽  
Diane M. Foley ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
C. M. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Beef Liver ◽  
The Relationship

Total serum protein values, hemocyte numbers, and muscle weights were determined for 216 intermolt lobsters immediately after their capture, and for 230 others held captive under a variety of dietary and environmental conditions. Average muscle values ranged from approximately 13% to the more normal 20–25% of the live animals' weight, depending upon experimental conditions. The total serum protein up to a level of 55 mg/ml was shown to be a reliable indicator of muscle weights, although the relationship was not identical for all lobster groups. It appeared to be modified chiefly by the areas from which the different groups were taken. Diet was more important than the temperatures (5 to 14 C) in affecting changes in muscle and serum protein values. Starvation caused a greater reduction (50 to 70%) in the size of the hepatopancreas than in the muscle. Histological examination of the hepatopancreatic tissue showed that the lipid content was markedly reduced upon starvation and that a degeneration of this organ was apparent for lobsters fed a beef liver and herring diet. Measurement of serum proteins would appear to be a useful technique in experiments on lobster nutrition and have value, within specified limits, for assessing the physiological condition of wild lobsters.

The Proteins of Hevea Brasiliensis Latex. II. Isolation of the α-Globulin of Fresh Latex Serum

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1018-1025
Author(s):  
B. L. Archer ◽  
E. G. Cockbain
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fractional Precipitation ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Prosthetic Groups

Abstract 1. One of the two major protein components of fresh Hevea-latex serum has been isolated by an isoelectric precipitation method and the optimum conditions for the precipitation have been determined. 2. Attempts to isolate this component by fractional precipitation of the total serum proteins with ammonium sulfate gave markedly heterogeneous products. 3. A preliminary examination has been made of the purified protein. Analytical and solubility data indicate that it is a globulin lacking non-protein prosthetic groups.

scholarly journals Electrophoretic and Immunological Studies on Sera from Calves from Birth to Weaning I. Electrophoretic Studies

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
The Relationship

Summary1. The serum proteins of calves from birth to weaning, and the maternal colostral whey have been examined with the ‘classical’ Tiselius electrophoresis apparatus. Differences were shown between calves fed colostrum and those partially deprived of colostrum.2. A study of the pre-colostral calf serum showed the presence of albumin and of two major components with mobilities similar to the α and β globulins of adult serum. A component forming approximately 1·4 % of the total serum proteins and with a mobility similar to that of γ1 or fibrinogen represented the γ1 globulin. This globulin component was not unconverted fibrinogen and may be autogenous γ globulin or γ globulin passively acquired in utero.3. Autogenous γ globulin was evident in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived calves shortly after birth. The γ1 and γ2 components could be distinguished by the 10th day after birth, at which time the γ1 globulin was the greater. By the 30th day the γ2 globulin exceeded the γ1 globulin and a smaller component termed the γ3 globulin could usually be detected between the γ2 and the salt boundary.4. Albumin concentrations generally fluctuated inversely to changes in the total serum globulins.5. The α globulins associated with fetuin declined shortly after birth in the colostrum-fed group. In the deprived group α globulin first rose and then fell. In both groups minimum α globulin values were reached at about the 30th day, when the α1 globulin, although initially the major component in pre-colostral calf serum, was more depleted than the α2.6. The β globulin frequently showed a transient though marked increase when the α globulins were at their lowest values.7. No changes in the electrophoretic mobilities of the major serum proteins were detected as the calves matured, and no significant difference was found between the mobilities of the electrophoretic components of calf and adult sera.8. The electrophoretic examination of colostral whey, colostral lacto-globulin fractions and calf serum immediately after suckling usually showed one lacto-globulin component. The relationship between the serum γ globulins and the lacto-globulin. is discussed.The author wishes to thank Dr M. Robertson, F.R.S., and Sir Alan Drury, F.R.S. for their interest and encouragement during the course of this work, Dr W. R. Kerr for his co-operation in supplying most of the serum and colostrum samples, and Dr A. W. Stableforth and Dr J. S. Paterson for making certain cattle available for these experiments.

scholarly journals AN ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY ON SERUM PROTEINS IN ARABIAN RACE HORSES NATURALLY INFECTED WITH Babesia equi

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A.SH. SULTAN
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Babesia Equi ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Race Horses

 Electrophoretic patterns of serum protein in 12 Arabian race horses acutely infected with Babesia equi revealed a significant decrease in albumin (P<0.01) and beta globulins (P<0.05) where, alpha globulins fractions significantly (P<0.01) increased. No significant (P>0.05) changes were recorded in gamma globulins fractions and total serum protein.

The Coagulation of Latex

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-493
Author(s):  
William Seifriz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Electrophoretic Behavior ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Buffer Mixture ◽  
Constant Observation

Abstract The mechanism of the coagulation of latex is a very brief chapter in most treatises on rubber. The theories are numerous and conflicting. The most widely accepted interpretation is one in which the destruction of the stabilization membrane is postulated. Recently, in Haiti, I made an electrophoretic study of latex involving the determination of mobility rates and isoelectric points. The timing of the migration of individual latex particles obviously necessitated the use of a microscope. This permitted constant observation of the globules, so that not only were their rate and direction of movement observed, but their aggregation as well. When latex is put into a buffer mixture of a pH value at or near the isoelectric point of the latex, agglutination of the particles takes place. While observing this incipient coagulation of the latex, I was led to the conclusion that, though pH values of isoelectric points indicate a protein covering on latex particles, electrophoretic behavior points to a surface which is, in part, non-protein. The very feeble charge on Cryptostegia latex globules in comparison with the greater charge on Castilloa and the still greater charge on Hevea suggests that there is least protein on the Cryptostegia particles, and most on the Hevea particles. This deduction receives even better support from the complete dissimilarity in the mobility curves of Cryptostegia latex particles and the isolated serum proteins. That there is a nonprotein component of the particle surface is hardly to be doubted. I thought it very probable that this nonionizable component is hydrocarbon, the same which constitutes the core of the latex globule.

An Experimental Investigation on Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Graphene doped CNTs /TiO2 Nanofluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Zetty Akhtar ◽  
M.M. Rahman ◽  
K. Kadirgama ◽  
M.A. Maleque
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Minimum Quantity Lubrication ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Cutting Zone ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Zeta Potential Analysis

This paper presents the findings of the stability, thermal conductivity and viscosity of CNTs (doped with 10 wt% graphene)- TiO2 hybrid nanofluids under various concentrations. While the usage of cutting fluid in machining operation is necessary for removing the heat generated at the cutting zone, the excessive use of it could lead to environmental and health issue to the operators. Therefore, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) to replace the conventional flooding was introduced. The MQL method minimises the usage of cutting fluid as a step to achieve a cleaner environment and sustainable machining. However, the low thermal conductivity of the base fluid in the MQL system caused the insufficient removal of heat generated in the cutting zone. Addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid was then introduced to enhance the performance of cutting fluids. The ethylene glycol used as the base fluid, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanoparticle mixed to produce nanofluids with concentrations of 0.02 to 0.1 wt.% with an interval of 0.02 wt%. The mixing ratio of TiO2: CNTs was 90:10 and ratio of SDBS (surfactant): CNTs was 10:1. The stability of nanofluid checked using observation method and zeta potential analysis. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of suspension were measured at a temperature range between 30˚C to 70˚C (with increment of 10˚C) to determine the relationship between concentration and temperature on nanofluid’s thermal physical properties. Based on the results obtained, zeta potential value for nanofluid range from -50 to -70 mV indicates a good stability of the suspension. Thermal conductivity of nanofluid increases as an increase of temperature and enhancement ratio is within the range of 1.51 to 4.53 compared to the base fluid. Meanwhile, the viscosity of nanofluid shows decrements with an increase of the temperature remarks significant advantage in pumping power. The developed nanofluid in this study found to be stable with enhanced thermal conductivity and decrease in viscosity, which at once make it possible to be use as nanolubricant in machining operation.

A FORECAST OF PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS BY INDIRECT SIGNS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.С. САНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Group I ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

В статье представлены материалы о взаимосвязи продолжительности продуктивного использования коров с характеристикой устойчивости к деградации, с возрастом отела и удоем. В исследованной, разнородной по происхождению, группе животных для прогноза продуктивного периода коров, обусловленного устойчивостью к деградации и возрастом первого отела, пригодно уравнение регрессии, аргументами в котором являются индекс устойчивости, возраст первого отела в первой и второй степенях. Коэффициент корреляции межу предсказанными значениями продуктивного периода и его фактическими величинами в I группе составляет 0,502, во II - 0,604. При этом крайние варианты прогнозируются со статистическими ошибками 5 мес при оценке индекса устойчивости по 2 лактациям и 4,1 мес по 3, а средние варианты, соответственно, 1,6 и 1,51 мес. Индекс устойчивости к процессу старения является важной характеристикой биологических особенностей коров, определяющий их продуктивное долголетие. Его оценка по первым 2 и 3 лактациям имеет прямолинейную связь с продуктивным периодом (r=0,4109 и r=0,5270), соответственно. Зависимость продуктивного периода от возраста первого отела криволинейная — с увеличением возраста первого отела сокращается срок продуктивного использования, при возрасте первого отела более 1400 дней срок продуктивного использования колеблется от 1,33 до 1,41 лактации. Коэффициент корреляции между этими характеристиками коров составляет - 0,2164 в I и - 0,2620 во II группах. The article presents materials about the relationship of the duration of productive use of cows with the characteristic of resistance to degradation, with the age of calving and milk yield. In the studied group of animals, which is heterogeneous in origin, the regression equation is suitable for predicting the productive period of cows due to resistance to degradation and the age of the first calving, the arguments of which are the stability index, the age of the first calving in the first and second degrees. The correlation coefficient between the predicted values of the productive period and its actual values in group I is 0.502, in group II - 0.604. At the same time, the extreme variants are predicted with statistical errors of 5 months when evaluating the stability index for 2 lactations and 4.1 months for 3, and the average variants, respectively, are 1.6 and 1.51 months. The index of resistance to the aging process is an important characteristic of the biological characteristics of cows, which determines their productive longevity. Its estimate for the first 2 and 3 lactations has a direct relationship with the productive period (r=0.4109 and r=0.5270), respectively. The dependence of the productive period age at first calving curvilinear with increasing age at first calving reduces the time to productive use, while age at first calving of more than 1400 days, the period of productive use ranges from 1.33 to 1.41 lactation. The correlation coefficient between these characteristics of cows is-0.2164 in I and-0.2620 in II groups.

Substantiation the machine with a basket for the application of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials with the upper arrangement of the feeding device

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Fesenko, H.
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Analytical Mechanics ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stable Flow

Purpose. Increasing the uniformity of distribution of mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials due to the stability of their feed from the body to the spreading working bodies using the top feeder. Methods. The following methods are used to achieve this aim: the method of comparing the differences between individual groups of fertilizers, the method of analyzing the properties of a new technical system, the method of functional inventiveness, and the methods of theoretical and analytical mechanics. Results. The traction body of the conveyor of the upper feed of the body fat body machine for mineral fertilizers and other bulk materials was substantiated and the relationship between the height of its scrapers and the distance between them was established, as well as the nature of the mineral fertilizer pressure on the curvilinear wall of the body. In addition, the design of the advanced body fertilizer spreader is justified, which ensures a stable flow of fertilizers from the body due to the improvement of the top feeder. Conclusions. Because of the conducted researches, the advantages of machines equipped with top feeder are found. They create the conditions for the forced feeding mineral fertilizers and other loose materials from the container to the distribution bodies, which is a prerequisite for their evenness on the surface. With this, the imperfection of known machines with the top feeder constrains their introduction into agricultural production. On this account, a more thoroughly constructed solution of the body feeder of the top feed is substantiated, in which the conveyor provides a stable supply of fertilizers from the body with reduced energy consumption during operation. Keywords: analysis, feed, upper device, conveyor, stability, fertilizers, flow ability, body.

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