A New Hydrocarbon Elastomer. III. Compounding with Fillers and Plasticizers

1962 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1142-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Schoenbeck
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Nitrogen Bases ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Low Sulfur ◽  
Mineral Fillers

Abstract Nordel can be compounded with a wide variety of fillers. Reinforcing carbon blacks and silicas are required for maximum physical properties. Non-reinforcing fillers may be added to the compounds to reduce material costs. As with other elastomers, vulcanizates containing mineral fillers have lower states of cure. One of the outstanding characteristics of Nordel is its extendability. Compounds with large amounts of carbon black and oil are easily processed and have good vulcanizate properties. Hot masterbatching in the presence of promoters significantly improves processing safety, modulus, resilience, compression set, and electrical properties of mineral-filled stocks. Petroleum oils, including aromatic types, are excellent plasticizers for Nordel. Those containing low amounts of nitrogen bases and unsaturates, as indicated by the Rostler method of analysis, are preferred especially in low sulfur recipes designed for maximum heat resistance. The properties of Nordel vulcanizates suggest its use in extruded goods, hose, belts, coated fabrics, molded goods, sponge, heels and soles, wire insulation and jacketing, and tires.

Effect of Carbon Black Reinforcing Fillers on Mechanical Properties of NBR Materials Used for the Progressing Cavity Pump

2015 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Pan ◽  
Jin Zhu Tan ◽  
Liu Fei Fan ◽  
Xue Mei Han
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Resistance Property ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Materials Used

Three kinds of reinforcing fillers (i.e. carbon black N330, carbon black N880 and carbon-white) were used to study effect of the reinforcing fillers on the mechanical properties of NBR materials. The NBR materials with various reinforcing fillers were fabricated, and the mechanical property tests were performed in this work. The results show that the carbon black N330 made the NBR material have better tensile strength, hardness, elongation and compression elastic modulus compared to the carbon black N880 and the carbon-white, while the carbon-white made NBR material have better heat resistance, tear strength and elongation compared to the carbon black N330 and the carbon black N880. In addition, the tensile strength, tear strength, elongation and the heat resistance property of the NBR materials increased significantly with the increase of the carbon-white, but the compression elastic modulus decreased with the increase of the carbon-white.

scholarly journals Characterization of Ethylene–propylene Composites Filled with Perlite and Vermiculite Minerals: Mechanical, Barrier, and Flammability Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolesław Szadkowski ◽  
Anna Marzec ◽  
Przemysław Rybiński ◽  
Witold Żukowski ◽  
Marian Zaborski
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Elastomer Composites ◽  
Mineral Fillers

Perlite and vermiculite are naturally occurring minerals, commonly used by industry to obtain highly thermoisolative and/or non-flammable materials. However, there has been little research into the preparation and application of rubber compounds containing these inexpensive mineral fillers. Here, we show the benefits of perlite and vermiculite minerals as fillers for ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) composites. To obtain more uniform dispersion and improved compatibility between the minerals and the elastomer matrix, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (AMIMTFSI) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMIMTFSI) imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) were added. The mineral fillers were found to be attractive semi-reinforcing fillers, which also act as flame retardants in the elastomer composites. Furthermore, a higher content of vermiculite mineral significantly reduced the air permeability of the composites. The incorporation of ionic liquids into the EPM-filled systems had a considerable effect on the torque increment, crosslink density, and more importantly the flammability of the studied compounds. The application of 2.5 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr) BMIMTFSI, in particular, reduced the flammability of the EPM composite, as the maximum heat release rate (HRRmax) decreased from 189.7 kW/m2 to 170.2 kW/m2.

Preliminary Investigation of the Feasibility of Radiation Vulcanization of Silicone Rubber

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Przybyla
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Low Dosage

Abstract Radiation vulcanization of silicone rubber is commercially feasible from the standpoint of obtaining useful physical properties at relatively low dosage rates. These physical properties are approximately equivalent to those obtained by peroxide vulcanization. We found that, for the limited number of samples tested; the electrical properties, the confined heat resistance, the compression set resistance, and the heat aging were all equivalent to their peroxide counterparts.

Electrical Properties of Electrospun Nanofibers of PEO/Carbon Black Composite

2009 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Kit Li ◽  
Y.W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Polarized Ftir ◽  
Specific Orientation

Electrospinning is an efficient technique for the fabrication of polymer nanofibers. The charges inside the polymer jet tend to repel each other so as to stretch and reduce the diameter of the polymer fibers. By rotating the collector at a fast angular speed, nanofibers with specific orientation can be obtained. In this study, nanofibers of Polyethylene oxide (PEO) with carbon black were prepared by electrospinning. PEO was dissolved in a mixture of water and ethanol. PEO is known as an electrolytic polymer. With the blending of carbon black powders, its electrical properties along the fiber direction were investigated. The fiber morphology and characteristics were studied by SEM and polarized FTIR.

Compressive Deformation and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Conductive Carbon Black Reinforced Microcellular EPDM Vulcanizates

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Mahapatra ◽  
D.K. Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Conductive Carbon Black

Compressive stress-strain properties of unfilled and conductive carbon black (VulcanXC 72) filled oil extended EPDM (keltan 7341A) microcellular vulcanizates were studied as a function of blowing agent (density) and filler loading. With decrease in density, the compressive stress-strain curves for microcellular vulcanizates behaved differently from those of solid vulcanizates. The compressive stress-strain properties were found to be strain rate dependent. The log-log plots of relative density of the microcellular vulcanizates showed a fairly linear correlation with the relative modulus. The compression set at a constant stress increased with decrease in density. The efficiency of energy absorption E, was also studied as a function of filler and blowing agent loading. From the compressive stress-strain plots the efficiency E and the ideality parameter I, were evaluated. These parameters were plotted against stress to obtain maximum efficiency and the maximum ideality region, which will make these materials suitable for cushioning and packaging applications in electronic devices.

Ionic Crosslinking of Carboxylated SBR

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 942-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyosaku Sato
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Ion Clusters ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Ionic Bonds ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Ionic Crosslinks

Abstract 1. Ionic bonding of carboxylated SBR with zinc oxide is detectable by means of measurements of the temperature dependence of tan δ. There is an α peak in the region of 60°C at 3.5 Hz. The position and shape of the α peak are strongly dependent on the state of cure of the vulcanizates. Without permanent crosslinking, the α peak is a plateau; as the crosslink density increases, the α peak becomes sharper and shifts to lower temperatures. The presence of carbon black causes the α peak to shift to higher temperatures, regardless of the presence of permanent crosslinks. 2. Ionic bonds in carboxylated SBR reacted with zinc oxide are in the form of ion clusters which function as crosslinks at room temperature. The ionic crosslinks provide carboxylated SBR with high tensile strength in the absence of reinforcing fillers. The presence of carbon black causes the 300% modulus to increase. The ionic crosslinks are labile, and the strength is lost at moderately elevated temperatures. A mixed cure system consisting of both sulfur and zinc oxide provides higher heat resistance than either of the single cure systems.

Effect of the mold temperature on the electrical properties of carbon-black-loaded polystyrene/SB block copolymer blends

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bluma G. Soares ◽  
Katia M. N. Gamboa ◽  
Angelo J. B. Ferreira ◽  
Edson Ueti ◽  
Sergio S. Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Mold Temperature ◽  
Copolymer Blends

Mixing and Comparative Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Different Types of Reinforcing Fillers

2017 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Pattarawadee Maijan ◽  
Nitinart Saetung ◽  
Wisut Kaewsakul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cure Time

Mixing behaviors of the compounds filled with different reinforcing fillers were studied in correlation with compound and vulcanizate properties. Four filler systems were used including: 1) silica plus small amount of silane coupling agent; 2) carbon black; 3) pre-modified silica; and 4) silica+silane-carbon black mixed one. The results have shown that silica provides longer optimum cure time and shorter cure rate than carbon black due to accelerator adsorption on silica surface. In addition, owing to highly polar nature on silica surface the silica-based compounds show rather high viscosity, attributed to stronger filler-filler interaction as can be confirmed by Payne effect and reinforcement index. However, the commercial surface treatment or pre-modified form of silica shows superior properties than in-situ modification of silica by silane during mixing, while it gives comparable properties to carbon black-based compound. Tensile properties of vulcanizates show a good correlation with the basic properties of their compounds.

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