Correlation between Laboratory and Road Rubber Wear Tests

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 804-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krishnan ◽  
R. Ramakrishnan ◽  
J. A. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rupture Energy ◽  
Wear Tests

Abstract The wear resistance ranking of three rubber compounds A, G and K measured in the laboratory at medium to high slip on sharp silicon carbide (SiC) grinding wheels was similar to that determined by road tests at Pecos, Texas. The wear resistance ranking of the three compounds changed on blunt alumina grinding wheels compared to wear resistance rankings on sharp SiC grinding wheels. The change was most probably due to a change of mechanism from mainly cutting on sharp surfaces to predominantly fatigue on blunt surfaces. For these three compounds a change in the ambient temperature from 23 to 75°C during laboratory testing had no effect on the wear resistance ranking. The wear of the rubber compounds on the abrasive grinding wheels and during road tests followed Zapp's relation in which the wear is proportional to the ratio of dynamic modulus to rupture energy.

Wear Properties and Surface Structure of Ion Implanted Glassy Carbon

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Yoshida ◽  
Kazuhiko Okuno ◽  
Gen Katagiri ◽  
Akira Ishitani ◽  
Katsuo Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Abrasive Paper

ABSTRACTWear properties of Li+, K+, C+, Cl+, and Ti+ implanted glassy carbons (GC) have been studied by wear tests using silicon carbide abrasive paper. It has been found that ion implantation is effective for improving wear resistance of GC. The measurements of Raman spectra revealed formation of an amorphous structure on the surface. Anomalous depth profiles with flat concentration distribution of Li and K atoms were observed by a secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). In conclusion. the formation of an amorphous structure seems to explain the improvement in wear resistance.

Effect of the graphite content on the tribological properties of hybrid Al/SiC/Gr composites processed by powder metallurgy

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalet Zeren
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Graphite Content ◽  
Wear Tests

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of graphite content on the properties of aluminum alloy/silicon carbide/granite (Al/SiC/Gr) composites. Design/methodology/approach – Hardness and wear tests were applied to the powder metallurgical composites, and microstructural characterization was conducted. Findings – Optimum graphite content for maximum wear resistance is reported as weight 6 per cent. Originality/value – Results of this study may help light weight Al/SiC/Gr composites to be used in different industrial applications.

Tribology of Titanium Boride Sliding against Silicon Carbide at Elevated Temperatures

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1580-1583
Author(s):  
Han Ning Xiao ◽  
Ji Xiang Yin ◽  
Tetsuya Senda
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Titanium Boride ◽  
Sliding Surface ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Friction And Wear Tests

Friction and wear tests of TiB2 sliding against SiC were conducted without lubricant from room temperature to 1200°C in air and in vacuum. The friction coefficient of the couple of TiB2/SiC is affected obviously by the oxidation of TiB2. It increases with the increase of temperature and reaches a maximum at some temperature in air, then decreases remarkably. The friction coefficient of TiB2/SiC in vacuum exhibites almost a constant and keeps smaller value than that in air. Transition of TiB2 onto the sliding surface of SiC was observed, which improved the wear resistance of SiC at high temperatures.

Hardness and Wear Resistance of Reaction Bonded SiC-B4C Composite

2005 ◽  
Vol 486-487 ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kee Sung Lee ◽  
In Sub Han ◽  
Yong Hee Chung ◽  
Sang Kuk Woo ◽  
Soo Wohn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Partial Decomposition ◽  
Silicon Carbides ◽  
Wear Tests

Hardness and wear resistant characteristics of reaction-bonded silicon carbides with boron carbide additions are evaluated relative to those of reaction bonded silicon carbide (RBSC). The reaction-bonded SiC-B4C composites exhibit a distinctive improvement of hardness and wear resistance, indicative of high resistance against wear environment. Removal rates for the wear tests are decisively reduced by the addition of boron carbide in the composites. Controlling the amount of carbon content in the starting composition more enhances the hardness of the reaction-bonded composites. Implications concerning the partial decomposition of B4C during reaction process are considered.

Abrasion of Butyl Rubber

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-354
Author(s):  
R. L. Zapp
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dynamic Hardness ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Rupture Energy ◽  
Abrasive Surface ◽  
Wear Tests ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract By using the Lambourn abrader, a concept of abrasion has been proposed that fits the performance of a wide variety of compounds. The ability of this type of machine to give varying degrees of slip and braking forces has aided in the selection of the proper conditions for abrasion studies. By using a small tread pattern on the sample wheel, laboratory results are brought into closer agreement with actual road wear tests. The work of Schallamach and the analysis of abrasion by a needle abrader have been extended to an abrasive surface. To the considerations of compound strength and surface friction or traction has been added the consideration of dynamic hardness. The abrasion of rubber has then been related to a ratio of dynamic modulus over rupture energy. Thus if a compound is made dynamically softer or more conformable without a sacrifice of its resistance to rupture, a superior abrading tread will result. In simple terms, what is needed for best abrasion resistance is the softest toughest material. Butyl owes its comparable or superior abrasion resistance (compared to other rubbers) to the fact that its vulcanizates are dynamically softer. The heat treatment of Butyl carbon black mixtures produces vulcanizates that are still softer in relation to their rupture energy. This is the sole advantage of such a mixing procedure. Other polymer and compounding variables that tend to decrease the ratio of dynamic hardness to rupture energy improve abrasion resistance. These changes include increasing the molecular weight of the polymer and reducing somewhat the unsaturation. A certain quantity of plasticizer to increase softness and a reduction of the state of cure have been shown to be beneficial. The latter change produced by a reduction of the amount of sulfur in the compound, which limits the extent of cross-linking, has resulted in distinctly superior tire treads.

Wear Behavior and Structural Characterization of a Nitrogen Implanted Ti6Al4V Alloy at Different Temperatures

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Martinella ◽  
G. Chevallard ◽  
C. Tosello
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Theory Comparison ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nitrogen Ions ◽  
Wear Tests

ABSTRACTMechanically polished Ti6Al4V samples were implanted with 100 key nitrogen ions to a fluence of 5.1017 ions/cm2 at two different bulk tenneratures: 370°C and 470°C. Wear tests were carried out with a reciprocating slidina tribotester. Structural modifications and wear morphologies were studied by TEM and SEM. 370°C implanted sample showed the same wear behavior as unimplanted ones, while 470°C implanted sample showed better wear resistance because of a TiN hardened layer. Correlations- between microstructural modifications, wear behavior and mechanisms are reported: results agree with the delamination theory. Comparison with ion- and gas-nitrided samples are presented.

Wear Characteristics of Low Temperature Degradation-Free Zirconia/Alumina Composites in a Point Contact Condition

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 557-560
Author(s):  
Kwon Yong Lee ◽  
Hwan Kim ◽  
D.W. Kim ◽  
Dae Joon Kim ◽  
Myung Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Sliding Motion ◽  
Alumina Composites ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Wear Tests

The sliding wear of four different compositions of novel low temperature degradation-free zirconia/alumina (LTD-free Z/A) composites were characterized in a ceramicceramic point contact pair. The wear tests were performed by a pin-on-disk type wear tester in a linear reciprocal sliding motion with a point contact in both dry and bovine serum lubricated conditions at room temperature. For the dry sliding wear tests, AZ-2 (20 vol% (Y,Nb,Ce)-TZP/ 80 vol% Al2O3) showed the best wear resistance among four kinds of LTD-free Z/A composites. For the bovine serum lubricated sliding wear tests, wear was too little to be measured for all kinds of Z/A composites. These novel LTD-free Z/A composites having excellent wear resistance demonstrated a potential as the alternative materials for the ceramic- ceramic contact pairs of femoral head and acetabular liner in total hip replacement.

Improved Wear Resistance of AISI 304L by Cladding Boride Layers Using the GTAW Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 966-967 ◽  
pp. 386-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Ching Lin ◽  
Jia Bin Bai ◽  
Jiun Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Gtaw Process ◽  
Wear Tests

The austenitic stainless steel (SS) of AISI 304L is widely used in industrial applications because of its superior anti-corrosion resistance. However, the material suffers from a lower hardness, thus reducing wear resistance. In this study, AISI 304L was clad with tungsten boride (WB) ceramic powder using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process to increase surface hardness and improve wear resistance. The microstructure of the cladding layer was investigated using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The hardness distribution of the cladding layer was measured using a micro-Vickers hardness tester. Wear tests were conducted with a pin-on-disc tribometer at the ambient condition, while simultaneously monitoring friction coefficient variation. Surface frictional temperature was recorded with K-type thermocouples during wear tests. The worn morphology of the tested specimens was observed by SEM to identify wear characteristics. The results show that WB cladding successfully increased the hardness and the wear resistance of AISI 304L. Keywords: GTAW, WB, wear resistance, microstructure

Effect of the Morphology, Size, Distribution and Homogeneity of Carbides and Matrix on Wear Resistance in High Cr-Alloys White Cast Iron

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Carlos Camurri ◽  
Jasmín Maril ◽  
Eric Romero
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
Ultimate Purpose ◽  
Wear Tests

The aim of this work was to study the wear behavior of high-chromium white cast iron of families ASTM A-532 II (B, D) and III A, used in mining equipment, in order to establish relationships between the wear resistance, hardness and microstructure of the alloys, with the ultimate purpose of predicting their resistance to abrasion. Samples from these cast irons were subjected to mechanical wear tests by rotating drum, then their micro/macro hardness was measured and microstructure analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy .It was found that when the macroscopic hardness differences were significant there was a strong correlation between the hardness and the loss of mass due to abrasion-impact wear. By contrast, when the alloys had similar hardness, the wear resistance was determined by morphology, size, and the distribution and connectivity of carbides and matrix and therefore was not predictable by an only simple hardness test.

Coarse Aggregate Effects on Elastic Moduli of Concrete

1996 ◽  
Vol 1547 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouzid Choubane ◽  
Chung-Lung Wu ◽  
Mang Tia
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Aggregate Effects ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The results of a laboratory testing program carried out to investigate the effect of coarse aggregate types on the elastic modulus of typical pavement concretes are presented. The elastic modulus was determined in both flexure and compression using static and dynamic means. Three different mixes, made using three different aggregates, were compared. The water-cement ratio was kept at 0.53 throughout the test program. The results showed that within the tested range, the aggregate type significantly affected the studied properties of concrete. Calera aggregate (a dense limestone) with its rough-textured surface and angular shape produced a concrete with higher strength and stiffness than those of concretes made with Brooksville aggregate (a porous limestone) and river gravel. In addition, the measured dynamic modulus in compression was significantly different from that in flexure. Also, in flexure, the dynamic modulus was higher than the static modulus by an average of 23 percent, whereas in compression, the dynamic modulus appeared to be in the same range as the static modulus. The change in frequency from 1 to 7 Hz did not have a significant influence on the dynamic modulus.

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