Characterization of the Behavior of Rubber for Engineering Design Purposes. 1. Stress-Strain Relations

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. L. Davies ◽  
Dilip K. De ◽  
A. G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Strain Invariant ◽  
Filled Rubbers ◽  
Simple Deformation

Abstract The stress-strain behavior of a range of black-filled rubbers has been studied in extension, compression, pure shear and simple shear. The data have been analyzed to examine the validity of Gregory's hypothesis that the stored energy function U of filled rubbers can be expressed solely in terms of the strain invariant I1, ignoring I2, to an accuracy adequate for most engineering design requirements. Our results confirm his suggestion. An analytical form for U is proposed which gives a very good fit to the experimental data for strains from less than 0.1% to somewhat greater than 100%, which cover the range of interest for most engineering applications. The dependencies of the parameters in the expression for U on filler level and degree of crosslinking have been examined. It has thus been demonstrated that, for a given material, the form of U can be determined from the measured stress-strain relation in any simple deformation mode, shear or tension for example, without the necessity of relatively difficult biaxial measurements, and that this function should then be applicable to any deformation mode, complex or simple.

scholarly journals Mechanical Strength Evaluation of Elastic Materials by Multiphysical Nondestructive Methods: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Huan ◽  
Lixian Liu ◽  
Andreas Mandelis ◽  
Cuiling Peng ◽  
Xiaolong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strength Evaluation ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
The Stability

The main purpose of industrial nondestructive testing (NDT) is to diagnose the stability, reliability and failure probability of materials, components and structures. Industrial component mechanical strength is one of the most important properties NDT is used to characterize. Subtle but perceptible changes in stress-strain behavior can be reliable indicators of defect formation. A detailed review on the state-of-the-art NDT methods using optical-radiation, photoacoustic, and photothermal techniques for mechanical strength evaluation and defect pre-diagnosis is presented in this article. Mechanical strength is analyzed in terms of the deformation/strain field, the stress-strain relation, and the residual stress in an elastic material subjected to tensile or compressive loading, or impact. By introducing typical NDT experiments, the history and features of each methodology are revisited and typical applications are discussed. This review also aims to be used as a reference toward further research and development of NDT technologies characterizing mechanical strength of materials and components.

Modeling of stress-strain relation of cement-treated sand under compression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawaja Adeel Tariq ◽  
Takeshi Maki
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Limestone Powder ◽  
Compressive Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Stress

AbstractThis research work has been conducted to model the uniaxial stress-strain compressive behavior of cement-treated sand and its post-peak softening area. The cylindrical specimens were produced by using limestone powder, sand and high early strength cement. The mixtures were made by using different ratios of water to cement with fixed ratio of limestone powder to cement and cement to sand. The stress-strain behavior in post-peak zone of cement-treated is adjusted with introduction of compression softening factor. Uniaxial compressive stress-strain relationships after amending the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers model are proposed. Finite element analysis shows that the suggested model estimates well the compressive behavior of cement-treated sand.

612 Effects of Strain Rates on Stress-Strain Behavior of Adhesive Layer under Pure Shear Stress Conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000.8 (0) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Akinori FUJINAMI ◽  
Katsuhiko OSAKA ◽  
Takao WADA ◽  
Takehito FUKUDA ◽  
Makoto IMANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior

New Model for Hyper-Elastic Materials Behavior With an Application on Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. Korba ◽  
Mark E. Barkey
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Hyper Elastic

This paper is concerned with defining a new Weight Function Based model (WFB), which describes the hyper-elastic materials stress-strain behavior. Numerous hyper-elastic theoretical material models have been proposed over the past 60 years capturing the stress-strain behavior of large deformation incompressible isotropic materials. The newly proposed method has been verified against the historic Treloar’s test data for uni-axial, bi-axial and pure shear loadings of Treloar’s vulcanized rubber material, showing a promising level of confidence compared to the Ogden and the Yeoh methods. A non-linear least square optimization Matlab tool was used to determine the WFB, Yeoh and Ogden models material parameters. A comparison between the results of the three models was performed showing that the newly proposed model is more accurate for uni-axial tension as it has an error value which is less than the Ogden and Yeoh models by 1.0 to 39%. Also, the parameters calculation by more than 95%, for the bi-axial and pure shear loading cases compared to the Ogden model. Natural rubber test specimens have been tensioned using a tensile testing machine and the WFB model was applied to fit the test data results showing a very good curve fitting with an average error of 0.44%.WFB model has reduced processing time for the model.

Study of the Yielding and Strain Hardening Behavior of a Copper Thin Film on a Silicon Substrate Using Microbeam Bending

2001 ◽  
Vol 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey N. Florando ◽  
William D. Nix
Keyword(s):  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Hardening Behavior ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Cu Film ◽  
Beam Bending ◽  
Strain Hardening Behavior

ABSTRACTRecently a new microbeam bending technique utilizing triangular beams was introduced. For this geometry, the film on top of the beam deforms uniformly when the beams are deflected, unlike the standard rectangular geometry in which the bending is concentrated at the support. The yielding behavior of the film can be modeled using average stress-strain equations to predict the stress-strain relation for the film while attached to its substrate. This model has also been used to show that the gradint of stress and strain through the thickness of the film, which occurs during beam bending, does not obscure the measurement of the yield stress in our analysis.Utilizing this technique, the yielding and strain hardening behavior of bare Cu thin films has been investigated. The Cu film was thermally cycled from room temperature to 500 °C, and from room temperature to –196°C. The film was tested after each cycle. The thermal cycles were performed to examine the effect of thermal processing on the stress-strain behavior of the film.

Stress-strain behavior of segmented polyurethaneureas under pure shear deformation

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Takigawa ◽  
Satoshi Yamasaki ◽  
Kenji Urayama ◽  
Masaoki Takahashi ◽  
Toshiro Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior

Stress-Strain Behavior of Swollen Polymeric Networks

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-579
Author(s):  
A. M. Rijke ◽  
G. L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer ◽  
Polymeric Networks ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Single Term ◽  
The One

Abstract The network parameters of swollen, solution-crosslinked polymer filaments can be collected from deswelling measurements in solutions of nonpermeating polymer or, as shown in this paper, from the stress—strain relation when in equilibrium with the surrounding solvent. The degree of swelling, at which the partial molar free energy of elasticity equals zero, is found to vary with solvent power in agreement with earlier findings on other systems. Comparison with results of studies on rubber networks crosslinked in the absence of diluent, show that previously observed discrepancies between theory and experiment can be attributed to the deficiency of the single term involving the one-third power of the volume fraction of polymer in the swollen network to describe the contribution of the partial elastic free energy.

Contribution to the Mathematical Description of Stress-Strain Behavior of Elastomers

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tobisch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Density Function ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Strain Energy Density ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Strain Energy Density Function

Abstract Based on the hypothesis of Valanis and Landel that the strain energy density function W(λx,λy,λz)could be represented as the sum of three identical functions ω(λi) of the principal extension ratios λi(i=x,y,z), an expression for ω(λi) is suggested which is distinguished by its relative simplicity. The stress-strain relations developed from this expression are tested successfully by applying them to experimental results of other authors. The types of strain which were examined were simple extension, biaxial extension and pure shear; the elongations were to about 700%.

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