A Simple Methodology for the Modeling of Carbon Black Aggregate Structure

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Ica Manas-Zloczower ◽  
Donald L. Feke
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Extreme Points ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sticking Probability ◽  
Proper Choice ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Standard Reaction

Abstract A procedure for modeling some morphological characteristics of carbon black aggregates is presented. The method uses a standard reaction limited aggregation algorithm to predict the location of the centers of primary particles within an aggregate. The shape of the aggregate is determined by drawing simple linear links between extreme points of primary particles centered on these loci. Analysis of the particle distribution function computed from the simulated structure leads to definitions of the interior and periphery of the aggregate structure. Direct comparisons between simulated aggregates and two commercial carbon blacks are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the approach. The perimeter fractal dimension of simulated aggregates can be made to match the perimeter fractal dimension of the commercial carbon black aggregates through proper choice of the sticking probability in the simulation algorithm. With this proper choice of sticking probability, the relative amounts of voids in the periphery and interior of the simulated aggregate correspond to relative amounts of filled and unfilled voids in actual aggregates that have been soaked for extended periods of time with processing fluids.

Morphological Characteristics and Fractal Analysis of Diesel Particulate Matter From TEM Images Produced by Dual-Fuel N-Butanol Injection

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Ruiz ◽  
Andrés F. López ◽  
John R. Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diesel Particulate Matter ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Significant Time ◽  
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ◽  
Primary Particles

This work analyzes the morphological characteristics and fractal dimension of diesel particulate matter (DPM) produced by multipoint-intake fumigation of n-butanol in a diesel engine. A novel methodology based on digital images processing (DIP) of micrographs from transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) is presented. Two DIP algorithms were developed and compared for identification and cleaning of TEM images background: the semi-automatic (supervised), which uses the Watershed transform, morphological operators and edge detectors; and the automatic (non-supervised), which further includes adaptive threshold methods. Both algorithms performed successfully when compared with manual methods allowing a significant time saving (from 12 hours manual to 2 minutes automatic). Results showed that mean primary particle diameter (dp0), mean particulates agglomerates diameter, and fractal dimension of the agglomerate (Df) of DPM, which were around 30 nm, 70 nm, and 1.9 dimension respectively, were not affected by n-butanol fumigation in comparison with Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). The algorithms were sensible to the manual selection of the primary particles from the micrographs, strongly affected the determination of total number of primary particles (np0) and its diameter of gyration (dg); but the Df is not affected. Both algorithms performed successful avoiding the user subjectivity and providing significant time saving during the analysis.

scholarly journals Upgrading pyrolytic residue from waste tires to commercial carbon black

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Hengxiang Li ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
Li’e Jin ◽  
Fumeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Commercial Carbon

The managing and recycling of waste tires has become a worldwide environmental challenge. Among the different disposal methods for waste tires, pyrolysis is regarded as a promising route. How to effectively enhance the added value of pyrolytic residue (PR) from waste tires is a matter of great concern. In this study, the PRs were treated with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids in turn under ultrasonic waves. The removal efficiency for the ash and sulfur was investigated. The pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) obtained after treating PR with acids was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, laser Raman spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and physisorption apparatus. The properties of PCB were compared with those of commercial carbon black (CCB) N326 and N339. Results showed PRs from waste tires were mainly composed of carbon, sulfur, and ash. The carbon in PCB was mainly from the CCB added during tire manufacture rather than from the pyrolysis of pure rubbers. The removal percentages for the ash and sulfur of PR are 98.33% (from 13.98 wt % down to 0.24 wt %) and 70.16% (from 1.81 wt % down to 0.54 wt %), respectively, in the entire process. The ash was mainly composed of metal oxides, sulfides, and silica. The surface properties, porosity, and morphology of the PCB were all close to those of N326. Therefore, PCB will be a potential alternative of N326 and reused in tire manufacture. This route successfully upgrades PR from waste tires to the high value-added CCB and greatly increases the overall efficiency of the waste tire pyrolysis industry.

STUDIES OF CARBON BLACK: II. THE CHANNEL PROCESS—PRODUCTION FROM THE NATURAL GAS OF TURNER VALLEY, ALBERTA

1936 ◽  
Vol 14b (4) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
L. M. Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Channel Process ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Channel Type

The production of carbon black in an experimental plant of the channel type is described. Carbon black has been produced from Turner Valley dry gas in yields as high as 1.3 lb. per 1000 cu. ft. The rubber reinforcing properties, methylene blue sorption, and per cent extractable are similar to those of the commercial carbon blacks available at present. The presence of hydrogen sulphide in the gas has been examined, but little effect on yields and properties was noticed with concentrations as high as 1% by volume.

New, Highly Structured Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series for Reducing the Hysteresis in Rubber. Part 1. Features of the Structure and Properties of Carbon Black

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
G.V. Moiseevskaya ◽  
G.I. Razd'yakonova ◽  
A.A. Petin ◽  
E.A. Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Elastomeric Materials ◽  
Rubber Part ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The aim of this work was to study the properties of carbon black CH85 of the OMCARB series and to compare them with the properties of standard carbon blacks N339 and N234. The morphological characteristics, the size distribution of the globules and aggregates, the surface area, the proportion of micropore area, the degree of branching of aggregates, and also the mechanical and chemical properties were measured and calculated. The average size of the aggregates of CH85 is greater than that of N339 and N234, and the aggregates have a more open and branched structure. The iodine adsorption by CH85 is practically the same as that by N339 and lower than that by N234. The low-hysteresis index calculated on the basis of structural data is much better for CH85. This opens up the possibility of using this type of carbon black for the development of elastomeric materials with low hysteresis.

scholarly journals Investigating the Potential of Commercial-Grade Carbon Black-Filled TPU for the 3D Printing of Compressive Sensors

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Manganiello ◽  
David Naso ◽  
Francesco Cupertino ◽  
Orazio Fiume ◽  
Gianluca Percoco
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Displacement Sensors ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Devices

The present research aims to exploit commercially available materials and machines to fabricate multilayer, topologically designed transducers, which can be embedded into mechanical devices, such as soft or rigid grippers. Preliminary tests on the possibility of fabricating 3D-printed transducers using a commercial conductive elastomeric filament, carbon black-filled thermoplastic polyurethane, are presented. The commercial carbon-filled thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), analyzed in the present paper, has proven to be a candidate material for the production of 3D printed displacement sensors. Some limitations in fabricating the transducers from a 2.85 mm filament were found, and comparisons with 1.75 mm filaments should be conducted. Moreover, further research on the low repeatability at low displacements and the higher performance of the hollow structure, in terms of repeatability, must be carried out. To propose an approach that can very easily be reproduced, only commercial filaments are used.

scholarly journals A molecular model for carbon black primary particles with internal nanoporosity

Carbon ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 3362-3370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Ban ◽  
Koroush Malek ◽  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Zhongsheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Primary Particles

Influence of Aggregate Structure and Matrix Infiltration on the Dispersion Behavior of Carbon Black Agglomerates

1995 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
D. L. Feke ◽  
I. Manas-Zloczower
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Dispersion Process ◽  
Dimethyl Siloxane ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Structure ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The dispersion of carbon black agglomerates in poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) has been studied experimentally. Both the structure of carbon black aggregates comprising the agglomerate and the presence of the matrix within the agglomerate were found to affect the mode of dispersion, critical stress conditions, and the kinetics of the dispersion process. Agglomerates of high structure carbon black are generally more difficult to disperse than agglomerates of low structure carbon black at the same agglomerate density. Depending on the degree of saturation of the agglomerate by PDMS, the dispersion process may be either enhanced or retarded compared to the dry state.

Encapsulating sulfur into a hybrid porous carbon/CNT substrate as a cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (13) ◽  
pp. 6827-6834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Zhang ◽  
Hang-Kun Jing ◽  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Guo-Ran Li ◽  
Xue-Ping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
High Sulfur Content ◽  
Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

A facile sulfur/carbon multi-composite with high sulfur content, consisting of sulfur and commercial carbon materials (CNTs and carbon black), exhibits excellent cycle performance for lithium–sulfur batteries.

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