Analysis of Power Requirements and Dispersion Quality in Batch Compounding Using a Dispersion Model for Single Agglomerates

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Bohin ◽  
Donald L. Feke ◽  
Ica Manas-Zloczower
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Simple Shear Flow ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Filled Polymers ◽  
Batch Mixers ◽  
Dispersion Quality

Abstract The extent of dispersion and torque requirements vary with processing time during the compounding of filled polymers in batch mixers. Starting with a model for the erosion of single agglomerates under simple shear flow conditions, equations have been developed that enable correlation and prediction of the evolution of both dispersion quality and mixing torque during the course of processing. There was an excellent agreement between the shape of predicted dimensionless torque curves and experimental results for silica-silicone rubber premixes. The model was also found useful in correlating results reported in the literature for the quality of dispersion of carbon black into natural rubber.

The Dispersion of Carbon Black in Rubber Part III. The Effect of Dispersion Quality on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Filled Natural Rubber

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Coran ◽  
J-B. Donnet
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Dispersion Quality ◽  
Carbon Black Dispersion

Abstract The Part I of this series described a rapid method for determining the quality of carbon-black dispersion. The second paper (Part II) was concerned with the kinetics of the dispersion of carbon black into natural rubber (dispersion quality as a function of mixing time) in an internal mixer. In this paper we consider the effects of changes in dispersion quality on the dynamic mechanical properties of both unvulcanized and vulcanized natural rubber. The effects of changes in the degree of carbon-black dispersion were measured by using a new prototype moving-die rheometer (which is presently being developed at Monsanto Instruments & Equipment Research Laboratory). By using this prototype rheometer, G′ and G″ were measured as functions of shear-strain amplitude, temperature, and frequency. Increases in the degree of carbon-black dispersion in uncured natural rubber (starting from very poor dispersion quality) give decreases in the values of both G′ and G″. The decrease in dynamic moduli with increases in the degree of carbon-black dispersion might be explained on the basis of a network of agglomerates which exists when the quality of dispersion is extremely poor. In the case of uncured samples, values of G′, measured at low strains (e.g. ±1%), become reduced after the imposition of a larger (±50%) sinusoidal shear strain for a short period of time (e.g. 3 s). Then, with the passage of time, the reduced value of G′ partially recovers. The extent of this recovery increases with increases in the dispersion rating DR. Similar results were obtained with respect to the loss modulus G″. In both cases, the extent of recovery is much less when the carbon black is very poorly dispersed. The unrecoverable proportion of G′ or G″ is also considered to be due to a network composed of mutually interactive agglomerates of carbon black.

INFLUENCE OF FORCED CONVECTION IN LIQUID INSIDE THE TIN ON DURATION OF STERILIZATION IN THE COURSE OF FISH PROCESSING

2017 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Valentinovich Alexeev ◽  
Elena Igorevna Verboloz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Equipment Modernization ◽  
Bottom To Top

The article focuses on the process of intensive mixing of liquid phase in the tin during high-temperature sterilization, i.e. sterilization when temperature of the heat carrier reaches 150-160°C. It has been stated that for intensification of the thermal process during sterilization of tinned fish with liquid filling it is preferable to turn a tin from bottom to top. This operation helps to increase the driving power of the process and to shorten warming time. Besides, high-temperature sterilization carried out according to experimental modes, where the number of tin turnovers is calculated, greatly shortens processing time and improves quality of the product. In this case there is no superheating, all tins are evenly heated. The study results will contribute to equipment modernization and to preserving valuable food qualities.

Emulsification of particle loaded drops in simple shear flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 470 ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Merkel ◽  
Julius Henne ◽  
Lena Hecht ◽  
Volker Gräf ◽  
Elke Walz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Simple Shear Flow

scholarly journals Do Protein Molecules Unfold in a Simple Shear Flow?

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 3415-3424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jaspe ◽  
Stephen J. Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Flow ◽  
Simple Shear ◽  
Simple Shear Flow ◽  
Protein Molecules
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