Resistivity of Rubber as a function of Mold Pressure

1988 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 828-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corley M. Thompson ◽  
T. W. Besuden ◽  
L. L. Beumel
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Kinetic Data ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Molding Pressure ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Cure Cycle ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Abstract For this N550 carbon black, loaded over a narrow but typically used range, high molding pressure caused a decrease in electrical resistivity of several orders of magnitude. The earlier in the cure cycle the high pressure was applied, the greater was the decrease in resistivity. A suggested mechanism for the effect is the formation of covalent bonds between carbon-black particles that are pushed into closer proximity by the high mold pressure. This postulate is supported by the limited kinetic data available. Clearly, pressure applied to a rubber sample during molding must be given as careful consideration as the loading of carbon black when materials requiring high resistivities are prepared. Although it has not been pursued in this work, the effect of pressure on the electrical resistivity of conductive rubber formulations may be significant. Further work underway is addressing the effect of mold pressure on the electrical resistivity of other rubber compounds as well as loadings of some other types of carbon black.

Electrical resistivity of fluorinated carbon black

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Luly
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Pressure Dependence ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Fluorine Content ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Fluorinated Carbon

The electrical resistivity of fluorinated carbon black particles, CFx, is reported as a function of fluorine content, pressure, and temperature. Fluorination does not destroy the aggregate structure of carbon black, but does change its physical properties. The resistivity changes from 10−2 to 10+12 Ω cm as x increases from 0 to 1.2, with a very rapid change occurring in the range 0.08≤x≤0.27. Samples with x = 0 and x = 0.07 exhibit a pressure dependence described by p∝ P−s with s>0. Fully fluorinated samples (x = 1.2) have s≃0. Intermediate compositions have low-pressure regimes where the resistivity is independent of pressure, and high-pressure regimes with s>0. For all samples exhibiting pressure-dependent resistivity, s increases as x increases. For samples with low-fluorine content, the resisitivity increases with decreasing temperature. These observations are interpreted in terms of structure, especially surface structure.

Resistivity of Unvulcanized Compounds of Rubber and Carbon Black

1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rapid Monitoring ◽  
Coaxial Probe

Abstract 1. A coaxial probe has been developed which allows measuring electrical resistivity of uncured carbon black-rubber compounds with good precision (mean coefficient of variation 4%). 2. For a given compound the resistivity correlates well with the standard dispersion rating and thus can be used for rapid monitoring of dispersion at various stages of processing. 3. Resistivity may also serve as a check on the loading and type of black in a rubber compound. 4. The resistivity of uncured compounds is higher by a factor of 2–10 than the corresponding vulcanizate value. 5. The logarithm of the resistivity appears to be a linear function of the reciprocal of the absolute temperature. The apparent activation energy of conductance for SBR compounds is 14.7–29.3 kJ/mol, the higher values being found for the better dispersions. The activation energies of EPDM compounds were found to be approximately 50% higher than those of SBR.

The Effect of Mold Pressure on the Electrical Resistivity of Elastomers

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corley M. Thompson ◽  
J. Scott Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molding Pressure ◽  
Large Decrease ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Electrical Resistivities

Abstract Elastomers are commonly used as electrical insulators in marine acoustic devices. A previous paper discussed the very large decrease in electrical resistivity of a Neoprene GRT formulation when subjected to moderately high molding pressures. In the present paper, data will be presented showing similar dependencies on mold pressure for natural, polybutadiene, 39%-acrylonitrile NBR, and chlorobutyl elastomers and the absence of the effect for an EPDM, and a 27%-acrylonitrile NBR elastomer. These data are not easily explained. The previous paper also discussed that increasing the carbon-black loading caused the electrical resistivity to decrease at even lower molding pressures. Similar trends are presented here for the other elastomers whose electrical resistivities are dependent on molding pressure. Data will also be presented that show that the addition of poly-para-dinitrosobenzene (Poly DNB®) to a CR formulation will eliminate the mold pressure vs. electrical resistivity effect.

Partial replacement of carbon black by nanoclay in butyl rubber compounds for tubeless tires

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1054-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Kumar Harikrishna Kumar ◽  
Subramaniam Shankar ◽  
Rathanasamy Rajasekar ◽  
Pal Samir Kumar ◽  
Palaniappan Sathish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Butyl Rubber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Polymer composites as sensing materials for liquid organic solvents – preliminary results

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Frackowiak ◽  
Monika Maciejewska ◽  
Andrzej Szczurek ◽  
Marek Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Volumetric Fraction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractCarbon black-filled polymer composites were investigated as sensing materials for organic liquids. Polypropylene and polystyrene which were selected as matrices and various amounts of carbon black were considered as the main factors influencing sensitivity of the composites in view of the percolation theory. Disposable filaments were produced of these materials. Change in their electrical resistivity was measured upon immersion in benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and their mixtures. It has been found that studied materials were sensitive to the composition of liquid mixtures of organic solvent. Relationships between the filament response and volumetric fraction of the components were presented. The studied materials have shown promising sensing properties, which suggest their applicability for identification and quantification of multicomponent organic liquids.

scholarly journals Insights into the Payne Effect of Carbon Black Filled Styrene-butadiene Rubber Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Xuan-Yu Shi ◽  
Shi-Hao Sun ◽  
Hai-Mo Zhang ◽  
Min Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Payne Effect ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

High Pressure effects on electrical resistivity and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline SnO2

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1621-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thangadurai ◽  
A. Chandra Bose ◽  
S. Ramasamy ◽  
R. Kesavamoorthy ◽  
T.R. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
High Pressure Effects

Integrated microcircuit on a diamond anvil for high-pressure electrical resistivity measurement

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 064104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghao Han ◽  
Chunxiao Gao ◽  
Yanzhang Ma ◽  
Hongwu Liu ◽  
Yuewu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Measurement ◽  
Diamond Anvil
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