The Value of Reclaimed Rubber in Tread Stock

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
C. W. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Relative Cost ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types

Abstract The road abrasion value has been determined on a series of tread stocks containing from 0 to 100 per cent. reclaim hydrocarbon. There is a close check between the road value as determined on two different types of road tests. The value of reclaim in this test is shown to vary from 25 to 42 per cent. of the value of new rubber, being higher for the all reclaim stock. The relative cost per unit of abrasion is shown to be above rubber at all points for 20-cent rubber. For 40-cent rubber it is lower than rubber when used above 50 per cent. reclaim hydrocarbon. The relative values for laboratory tests are compared to the road value. The tensible, lamination tear, and the 30 per cent. slip abrasion seem to give the best indication of road value.

scholarly journals Characterisation of cyclists’ willingness to pay for green initiatives at Africa’s largest cycle tour

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
Melville Saayman ◽  
Waldo Krugell ◽  
Andrea Saayman
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right ◽  
Change Mitigation

The Cape Argus Pick n Pay Cycle Tour is a major event on the road cycling calendar. The majority of cyclists travel significant distances and participation produces a substantial carbon footprint. This paper examines participants’ willingness to pay to offset their carbon footprint. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to the literature by linking willingness to pay to attitudes towards or beliefs (green views) about the initiatives in place, to ensure a greener cycle tour. Factor analysis is used to identify different types of cyclists, based on their green views: those with green money, those who prefer green products and the “re-cyclers”. The results of the regression analysis reveal that socio-demographic variables and the right attitude towards the environment are significant predictors of stated willingness to pay for climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Concrete Modular Pavements – Types, Issues And Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Rita Kleizienė ◽  
Viktoras Vorobjovas ◽  
Ovidijus Šernas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pavement Construction

According to the European Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 90 per cent of the European road network is paved with asphalt. Constantly increasing traffic volume and climate change accelerate deterioration of current pavements. As a result, there arises a need to rehabilitate them prematurely. Repair and rehabilitation work lead to traffic congestion, which is one of the most significant concerns in highly trafficked roads and urban streets. Concrete modular pavements consisting of precast concrete slabs are a reasonable solution to deal with the road works since their construction, as well as repair, is time-saving. Repair works typically are implemented during a low traffic period (usually at night). A primary purpose of concrete modular pavements is heavily trafficked roads and other transport areas. This paper focuses on concrete modular pavements, their types, issues and challenges related to their design, slab fabrication and pavement construction. The conducted analysis revealed 15 different types of concrete modular pavements that differ from the techniques of slab joints and load transfer between the adjacent slabs. More than 20 issues and challenges related to the design of modular elements, slab fabrication and pavement construction were identified. Finally, the existing practice of concrete modular pavements was summarised and the gaps of scientific knowledge, as well as a need for comprehensive research, were defined.

scholarly journals A Vehicle Breakdown Service Provider System

2021 ◽  
pp. 567-572
Author(s):  
Sathwik Krishna. L ◽  
Siva Rama Krishna. S ◽  
Abdul Amjad. S ◽  
Mahesh Babu. U ◽  
Lakshmi Surekha. T
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Life Time ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
On The Road

Travelling day to day became integrated part of everyone. To travel we use different types of vehicles. A machine is not for a life time and with day to day usage and time-tested in various conditions, it is meant to witness some kind of breakdowns. Many breakdowns can be resolved on the spot by self-repairing. A lot of people are facing difficulties getting help when their Vehicle breaks down on the road. These problems are the motivations for the development of this project to help those who are in need when their Vehicle breaks down along the roads. The objective is to develop an django application that will help the user to avail help by using the application and get access to the nearby mechanic and thereby contact them.

scholarly journals The laboratory tests of hybrid layers combining hardfacing and nitriding dedicated to increase the durability of forging tools in hot forging processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Widomski ◽  
Zbigniew Gronostajski ◽  
Marcin Kaszuba ◽  
Jagoda Kowalska ◽  
Mariusz Pawełczyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
Use Wear ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hybrid Layers

In response to the growing need to use wear-resistant layers that increase durability of tools in forging pro-cesses, hybrid layers have been proposed that combine hardfacing with nitriding treatment. This article presents the results of laboratory tests of surface wear-resistant layers made with a new hybrid technology Gas-Shielded Metal Arc surfacing (hardfacing) with ZeroFlow gas nitriding. Specimens made with hardfacing or nitriding were prepared and examined. Analysis covered the thorough microstructure study, EDX chemical composition analysis and microhardness analysis. In experiment, 3 different types of nitrided layers were proposed for alpha, gamma prim and epsilon nitrides in the surface layer. The results of metallographic research in the surface layer was presented. The analysis of chemical composition in the particular overlay welds was performed to determine the content of alloying elements in the particular overlay welds. The susceptibility to nitriding of used weld materials as well as the ability to form particular types of nitrides on selected welded substrates was also tested.

scholarly journals Research on Horizontal Coefficient of Consolidation of Vietnam’s Soft Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Nu Nguyen Thi ◽  
Bui Truong Son ◽  
Do Minh Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Coefficient Of Consolidation ◽  
Prefabricated Vertical Drains ◽  
Vertical Drains ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cell Test ◽  
Dissipation Test

The horizontal coefficient of consolidation is the most important parameter for designing the improvement of soil soft by prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) combined with surcharge and vacuum preloading. This paper presents the experimental study on the horizontal coefficient of consolidation (ch) of some soft soils distributed in Vietnam. The ch value was determined by the laboratory test and CPTu dissipation test. The laboratory tests included the Rowe consolidation cell test and constant rate of strain consolidation with radial drainage test. Two types of consolidation laboratory tests were performed. The experimental results indicated that the ch value is always larger than the vertical coefficient of consolidation of soil (cv). The ratio of ch/cv depends on the consolidated pressure, type of soil, and the anisotropy of soil. The ratio of ch/cv is different in different types of soft soil in Vietnam. In the normally consolidated state, the ch/cv ratio ranges from 1.35 to 10.59. It was necessary to choose the ch value at the consolidated stress level for calculating the PVD spacing.

scholarly journals A brief compendium of water entry results derived from laboratory tests of various types of wall assemblies

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02050
Author(s):  
Michael A. Lacasse ◽  
Nathan Van Den Bossche ◽  
Stephanie Van Linden ◽  
Travis V. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Wood Frame

There is an increase in the use of hygrothermal models to complete the performance evaluation of walls assemblies, either in respect to design of new assembles or the retrofit of existing wall assemblies. To this end there are guides available in which is provided information on moisture loads to wall assemblies. This includes, for example, Criteria for Moisture-Control Design Analysis in Buildings given in ASHRAE 160, Assessment of moisture transfer by numerical simulation provided in EN 15026, and NRC’s “Guidelines for Design for Durability of the Building Envelope”. The designer of a new assembly or evaluator of an existing wall is tasked with having to determine what moisture loads to apply to the wall and where to apply this load within the assembly. Typically there is little or no information that is readily available regarding moisture loads to walls and thus the suggested hourly moisture load, as given in ASHRAE 160, is 1% by weight of the total driving rain load to the wall (i.e. kg/m2-hr). In this paper, a brief compendium of water entry test results derived from laboratory tests of various types of wall assemblies is provided from which estimates of moisture loads to different types of wall can be developed. Water entry test results are given of wood frame walls typically used in housing, but also metal-glass curtain walls and other commercial wall assemblies, where possible, in terms of driving loads to the wall.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Transmission's Impact on the Operational Properties of Land Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
V. I. Nekrasov ◽  
R. A. Ziganshin ◽  
A. V. Ziganshina ◽  
N. S. Zakharov ◽  
G. N. Shpitko
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Land Vehicles ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

The article considers the issue of the transmission's effect on the operational properties of the land vehicles. The main transmission parameters are given in the work. The analysis of the possibilities of using different types of transmission is shown. The technique for selecting the number of gears and the mean value of the capacity utilization factor is considered. The technical and economic assessment is given on the basis of complex factors of the specific productivity of the road train and the prime cost of its use.  

scholarly journals Comparison of Usability between Gear Shifters with Varied Visual and Haptic Patterns and Complexities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sanna Lohilahti Bladfält ◽  
Camilla Grane ◽  
Peter Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Haptic Patterns

Shift-by-wire technology enables more options concerning the design, placement and functions of gear shifters compared to traditional gear shifters with manual transmission. These variations can impact usability and driver performance. There is a lack of research regarding the potential advantages and disadvantages of different types of gear shifters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency and subjective ease-of-use of mono- and polystable joystick gear shifter types at different complexity levels and with full or limited visibility. An experimental study with 36 participants was conducted. The results showed that monostable joysticks, especially those with an I/J-shape, were overall less efficient and easy to use than polystable joysticks. The highest complexity level clearly affected the efficiency for the monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) compared with the other gear shifter types. The monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) was also most affected by reduced visibility at the highest level of complexity, indicating that it was more prone to causing users to take their eyes off the road.

Standing in Line

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Sharif Islam
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Law ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Shed Light

Over the past two decades, immigration receiving states have resorted to extraordinary legal, political, spatial tactics to curtail and prevent different types of migrants from legally entering the states. Some of these processes increased the number of undocumented and unauthorized immigrants in certain countries. These processes also lead to enormous personal sacrifices and hardships for families across the world. My personal experiences are probably not the worst case due to my educational and professional background, although there were few bumps in the road. Some of the following notes, I hope, will shed light on the personal experiences dealing with immigration law and processes.

scholarly journals Multiscale Road Extraction in Remote Sensing Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziguli Wulamu ◽  
Zuxian Shi ◽  
Dezheng Zhang ◽  
Zheyu He
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Road Extraction ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
The Road ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spatial Pyramid Pooling ◽  
The One

Recent advances in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown impressive results in semantic segmentation. Among the successful CNN-based methods, U-Net has achieved exciting performance. In this paper, we proposed a novel network architecture based on U-Net and atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) to deal with the road extraction task in the remote sensing field. On the one hand, U-Net structure can effectively extract valuable features; on the other hand, ASPP is able to utilize multiscale context information in remote sensing images. Compared to the baseline, this proposed model has improved the pixelwise mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 3 points. Experimental results show that the proposed network architecture can deal with different types of road surface extraction tasks under various terrains in Yinchuan city, solve the road connectivity problem to some extent, and has certain tolerance to shadows and occlusion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document