scholarly journals Comparison of Usability between Gear Shifters with Varied Visual and Haptic Patterns and Complexities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sanna Lohilahti Bladfält ◽  
Camilla Grane ◽  
Peter Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexity Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Haptic Patterns

Shift-by-wire technology enables more options concerning the design, placement and functions of gear shifters compared to traditional gear shifters with manual transmission. These variations can impact usability and driver performance. There is a lack of research regarding the potential advantages and disadvantages of different types of gear shifters. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency and subjective ease-of-use of mono- and polystable joystick gear shifter types at different complexity levels and with full or limited visibility. An experimental study with 36 participants was conducted. The results showed that monostable joysticks, especially those with an I/J-shape, were overall less efficient and easy to use than polystable joysticks. The highest complexity level clearly affected the efficiency for the monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) compared with the other gear shifter types. The monostable joystick with an I/J-shape (mono I/J) was also most affected by reduced visibility at the highest level of complexity, indicating that it was more prone to causing users to take their eyes off the road.

Comparing Ease-of-Use of Steering Wheel-Mounted and Conventional Radio Controls

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 578-582
Author(s):  
Eugene Farber ◽  
Susan Salata
Keyword(s):  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Freeway Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Driver Performance

A study was conducted to compare driver performance with a limited set of steering wheel-mounted and conventional panel-mounted radio controls. The study was conducted with subjects driving under actual freeway traffic conditions. Drivers took less time to locate and use the wheel-mounted controls, had less eyes-off-the-road time and made fewer errors with them than with the conventional controls.

Problem Solving Performance of First Semester Maintenance Trainees in Two Fault Diagnosis Tasks

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Network Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Certificate Program ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Trouble Shooting ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Training

Forty-eight first semester trainees in an FAA certificate program participated in an experimental study of trouble-shooting of two different types of graphically displayed networks. The effects of network size, redundancy, feedback, computer aiding, and training were considered. It was found that performance degraded as network size increased, degraded as the level of feedback was reduced, improved with the use of computer aiding, and that skills developed with computer aiding in one task were transferred to the other task.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the emission influence of the fuel system faults for light-duty vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Le Liu ◽  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Liyun Qian ◽  
Peilin Geng ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Rich Mixture ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Light Duty Vehicle ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Types Of Faults ◽  
Important System

The fuel system is a very important system in light-duty vehicles. The faults of the system will cause serious deterioration of vehicle emissions and other performance. In order to study the influence of different types of faults on emissions, this paper studies the faults of several OBDII vehicles. The results show that: the fault of rich mixture in fuel system will increase the emissions of CO and NMHC by 3-5 times and the emissions of NOx by 1-2 times; the fault of lean mixture in fuel system will increase the emissions of NOx by 4-5 times and the emissions of CO and NMHC by 0.7-2.5 times; there are two kinds of imbalance faults, one is imbalance lean and the other is imbalance rich. Imbalance lean mainly causes NOx deterioration, which is increased by 7.5 times. Imbalance rich mainly causes CO and NMHC emissions deterioration, which is increased by about 3 times. There are many kinds of faults in the fuel system which cause serious deterioration of emissions. It is necessary to focus on monitoring the faults of the fuel system.

Anomalous Rheological Behavior of Complex Fluids (Nanofluids)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeongnam Jo ◽  
Seunghwan Jung ◽  
Donghyun Shin ◽  
Debjyoti Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Complex Fluids ◽  
Shear Thinning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Newtonian Behavior

The rheological behavior of various complex fluids was explored in this experimental study. Nanofluids were obtained by mixing nanoparticles with various solvents. The solvents consisted of metal salt eutectics that melt at high temperatures (exceeding 200 °C) depending on the composition of the metal salts in the eutectics. The rheological behaviors of these high temperature solvents were measured as a function of temperature before and after mixing with different types of nanoparticles (chemical composition, size, shape and concentration). These nanofluids exhibited non-Newtonian behavior (shear thinning behavior) while some of the other nanofluids were surprisingly found to have Newtonian behavior. It was observed that high aspect ratio nanoparticles (e.g., stick shaped carbon nanotubes) were more likely to cause shear thinning behavior of the resulting nanofluids.

Career Plateauism: End of the Road or Just Another Fork?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
Bret Simmons ◽  
Kenneth Abramowicz ◽  
Tonia Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Job Change ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Conventional Measure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corporate Downsizing

ABSTRACTThis paper is based on a study of a large U.S. multinational corporation, examining the importance of career plateauism, the condition whereby more employees find that opportunities for promotions are limited or non-existent. This phenomenon has gained special attention with corporate downsizing and the emergence of “flatter” organizations. This exploratory study suggests that plateauism is a multi-faceted construct. Plateauism can have adverse effects upon certain employees in the organization; however, a segment of plateaued employees commonly referred to as “solid citizens” can manage to function effectively. Instead of viewing plateauism solely by its traditional definition of hierarchical movement, the assessment of plateauism needs to be expanded to include factors such as the content of the job, change in work responsibilities, and the learning of new skills. “Content” plateauism is contrasted as being distinctly different from the conventional measure referred to as “structural” plateauism. This difference in the assessment of plateauism may explain why one type of plateauism has detrimental effects while the negative repercussions attributable to the other type of plateauism can be moderated; consequently, the different types of plateauism may require different interventions. The implications for managers, organizations, and plateaued employees are discussed.

An experimental study of the detection of clicks in English

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-473
Author(s):  
Donny Vigil ◽  
Derrin Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
American English ◽  
The Other ◽  
British English ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Range Of Functions

Abstract This experimental study sets out to determine whether people detect click sounds in American English. Recent research has documented the use of non-phonemic clicks in a variety of languages to fulfill a range of functions such as sequence management or signaling searches and different types of attitudinal stance. While these clicks are acoustically salient and have been reported to occur with a frequency of up to 14 per minute in British English, they have not been widely investigated until relatively recently. For this experiment, we designed video stimuli consisting of A and B pairs of approximately 10 seconds of speech, one with a click and the other with the click edited out. We gave 118 participants a questionnaire and asked if they could detect a difference between the pairs of videos. The results indicate that the majority of participants, between 79% and 86%, do not detect click sounds.

Career Plateauism: End of the Road or Just Another Fork?

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Joseph ◽  
Bret Simmons ◽  
Kenneth Abramowicz ◽  
Tonia Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Job Change ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traditional Definition ◽  
Conventional Measure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Corporate Downsizing

ABSTRACTThis paper is based on a study of a large U.S. multinational corporation, examining the importance of career plateauism, the condition whereby more employees find that opportunities for promotions are limited or non-existent. This phenomenon has gained special attention with corporate downsizing and the emergence of “flatter” organizations. This exploratory study suggests that plateauism is a multi-faceted construct. Plateauism can have adverse effects upon certain employees in the organization; however, a segment of plateaued employees commonly referred to as “solid citizens” can manage to function effectively. Instead of viewing plateauism solely by its traditional definition of hierarchical movement, the assessment of plateauism needs to be expanded to include factors such as the content of the job, change in work responsibilities, and the learning of new skills. “Content” plateauism is contrasted as being distinctly different from the conventional measure referred to as “structural” plateauism. This difference in the assessment of plateauism may explain why one type of plateauism has detrimental effects while the negative repercussions attributable to the other type of plateauism can be moderated; consequently, the different types of plateauism may require different interventions. The implications for managers, organizations, and plateaued employees are discussed.

Experiment role in the world music (based on the «The Road» album of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band)

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Iia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Musical Practice ◽  
The Road ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Musical Practices

The main objective of this study is the substantiation of experiment as one of the key features of the world music in Ukraine. Based on the creative works of the brightest world music representatives in Ukraine, «Dakha Brakha» band, the experiment is regarded as a kind of creative setting. Methodology and scientific approaches. The methodology was based on the music practice theory by T. Cherednychenko. The author distinguishes four binary oppositions, which can describe the musical practice. According to one of these oppositions («observance of the canon or violation of the canon»), the musical practices, to which the Ukrainian musicology usually classifies the world music («folk music» and «minstrel music»), are compared with the creative work of «Dakha Brakha» band. Study findings. A lack of the setting to experiment in the musical practices of the «folk music» and «minstrel music» separates the world music musical practice from them. Therefore, the world music is a separate type of musical practice in which the experiment is crucial. The study analyzed several scientific articles of Ukrainian musicologists on the world music; examined the history of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band; presented a list of the folk songs used in the fifth album «The Road» by «Dakha Brakha» band; and showed the degree of the source transformation by musicians based on the example of the «Monk» song. The study findings can be used to form a comprehensive understanding of the world music musical practice. The further studies may be related to clarification of the other parameters of the world music musical practice, and to determination of the experiment role in creative works of the other world music representatives, both Ukrainian and foreign. The practical study value is the ability to use its key provisions in the course of modern music in higher artistic schools of Ukraine. Originality / value. So far, the Ukrainian musicology did not consider the experiment role as the key one in the world music.

CREATING WALKING LED TRANSIT STATIONS FOR WOMEN IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain ◽  
Nur Farhana Azmi ◽  
Suhaini Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Female User

Transit stations are generally well known as nodes of spaces where percentage of people walking are relatively high. The issue is do more planning is actually given to create walkability. Creating walking led transit stations involves planning of walking distance, providing facilities like pathways, toilets, seating and lighting. On the other hand, creating walking led transit station for women uncover a new epitome. Walking becomes one of the most important forms of mobility for women in developing countries nowadays. Encouraging women to use public transportation is not just about another effort to promote the use of public transportation but also another great endeavour to reduce numbers of traffic on the road. This also means, creating an effort to control accidents rate, reducing carbon emission, improving health and eventually, developing the quality of life. Hence, in this paper, we sought first to find out the factors that motivate women to walk at transit stations in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey with 562 female user of Light Railway Transit (LRT) was conducted at LRT stations along Kelana Jaya Line. Both built and non-built environment characteristics, particularly distance, safety and facilities were found as factors that are consistently associated with women walkability. With these findings, the paper highlights the criteria  which are needed to create and make betterment of transit stations not just for women but also for walkability in general.

Hybrid polymer composite materials. Part 2. Preparation technology

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-13
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Hybrid Polymer ◽  
Preparation Technology ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hybrid Polymer Composite ◽  
The One

The main methods (pressing and winding) of the processing of hybrid polymer composites to obtain items were examined. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods were noted. Good combinations of different-module fibers (carbon, glass, boron, organic) in hybrid polymer materials are described, which allow one to prepare materials with high compression strength on the one hand, and to increase fracture energy of samples and impact toughness on the other hand.

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