A New Physical Test for Vulcanized Rubber

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
D. D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber

Abstract This test, by use of a sample of new design, subjects rubber to a combination of tensile and shearing stresses. Shear, however, is the predominating stress. Certain aged inner tubes have been found which deteriorated more when examined by this test than a comparison of their tensile-stress-strain curves with those of fresh tubes would indicate. Tearing action seems to be approximated by this test. The effect of overcure in some cases has been recorded at earlier stages by this test than by the tensile criterion. The test is easy to perform and with usual precautions should have an accuracy of approximately 10 per cent. VULCANIZED rubber is frequently required to withstand, not only the simple stresses such as those of compression, tensile, and shear, but also the combined effects such as torsion, tearing, bending, etc. It has been observed that, as some vulcanized rubber samples age, their resistance to shearing and tearing stresses decreases much faster than their resistance to tensile stresses, as determined under the standard procedure of rubber-testing.

scholarly journals Stress–strain relationship model of glulam bamboo under axial loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 2633366X2095872
Author(s):  
Yang Wei ◽  
Mengqian Zhou ◽  
Kunpeng Zhao ◽  
Kang Zhao ◽  
Guofen Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
Bamboo Scrimber ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Strain Model

Glulam bamboo has been preliminarily explored for use as a structural building material, and its stress–strain model under axial loading has a fundamental role in the analysis of bamboo components. To study the tension and compression behaviour of glulam bamboo, the bamboo scrimber and laminated bamboo as two kinds of typical glulam bamboo materials were tested under axial loading. Their mechanical behaviour and failure modes were investigated. The results showed that the bamboo scrimber and laminated bamboo have similar failure modes. For tensile failure, bamboo fibres were ruptured with sawtooth failure surfaces shown as brittle failure; for compression failure, the two modes of compression are buckling and compression shear failure. The stress–strain relationship curves of the bamboo scrimber and laminated bamboo are also similar. The tensile stress–strain curves showed a linear relationship, and the compressive stress–strain curves can be divided into three stages: elastic, elastoplastic and post-yield. Based on the test results, the stress–strain model was proposed for glulam bamboo, in which a linear equation was used to describe the tensile stress–strain relationship and the Richard–Abbott model was employed to model the compressive stress–strain relationship. A comparison with the experimental results shows that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental curves.

The Influence of Different Subbase Materials on the Crack of Cement Stabilized Macadam Base during Construction

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 955-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Liao ◽  
Fen Xiao ◽  
Zhong Da Chen ◽  
Lei Xing
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Shrinkage Strain ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Shrinkage Crack ◽  
Dry Shrinkage ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Shrinkage Coefficient ◽  
Crack Space

According to actual axle load data and the measured mechanical parameters of cement stabilized macadam material with different cement dosages, the bottom tensile stresses of different subbase structures are calculated and the results show that: to graded gravel subbase, the weight of construction vehicle is inadvisable to be more than 35t and the cement dosage of base course shall be more than 3.0%; and, the maximum bottom tensile stress of graded gravel subbase shall be much more than that of lime-flyash soil subbase. According to the measured dry shrinkage strain and dry shrinkage coefficient, the dry shrinkage crack space of base course is analyzed and the results show that: under the same cement dosage, the crack space of the base course with graded gravel subbase is smaller than that of lime-flyash soil subbase; with the increase of cement dosage, the crack space of base course increase first and then decrease, and when the cement dosage is 3.5%, the dry shrinkage strain and dry shrinkage coefficient is minimum and the crack space of base course is maximum.

Tensile stress-strain behavior of lightly cemented sand

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Dass ◽  
S.C. Yen ◽  
V.K. Puri ◽  
B.M. Das ◽  
M.A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Cemented Sand ◽  
Strain Behavior

scholarly journals Tensile Behaviour of FRCM Composites for Strengthening of Masonry Structures—An Experimental Investigation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3626
Author(s):  
Łukasz Hojdys ◽  
Piotr Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Tensile Failure ◽  
Tensile Behaviour ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Cracking Pattern ◽  
Direct Tensile

This paper presents the results of direct tensile tests performed on six different FRCM (fabric reinforced cementitious matrix) strengthening systems used for masonry structures. The emphasis was placed on the determination of the mechanical parameters of each tested system and a comparison of their tensile behaviour in terms of first crack stress, ultimate stress, ultimate strain, cracking pattern, failure mode and idealised tensile stress-strain curve. In addition to the basic mechanical tensile parameters, accidental load eccentricities, matrix tensile strengths, and matrix modules of elasticity were estimated. The results of the tests showed that the tensile behaviour of FRCM composites strongly depends on the parameters of the constituent materials (matrix and fabric). In the tests, tensile failure of reinforcement and fibre slippage within the matrix were observed. The presented research showed that the accidental eccentricities did not substantially affect the obtained results and that the more slender the specimen used, the more consistent the obtained results. The analysis based on a rule of mixtures showed that the direct tensile to flexural tensile strength ratio of the matrixes used in the test was 0.2 to 0.4. Finally, the tensile stress–strain relationship for the tested FRCMs was idealised by a bi- or tri-linear curve.

The Oil Resistance of Rubber. I Study of the Swelling of Vulcanized Rubber

1936 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Yoshio Tanaka ◽  
Shû Kambara ◽  
Jirô Noto
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Oil Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Solvents ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber

Abstract To study the effect of solvents on the elastic properties of vulcanized rubber, the following three points were investigated. 1. The swelling maximum obtained by various mixed solvents. 2. The stress-strain curves of rubber swollen to different degrees. 3. Time-swelling and time-deswelling curves. The spiral theory of molecular structure of rubber proposed by Fikentscher and Mark is utilized to explain the experimental results.

Investigating the in-plane mechanical behavior of single-ply quasi-unidirectional glass fiber/polypropylene composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanyu Zhai ◽  
Christian Gröschel ◽  
Dietmar Drummer
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Strain Relation ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
First Time

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the engineering constants and off-axis tensile stress-strain relation of single-ply quasi-unidirectional (UD) glass fiber (GF)/polypropylene (PP) composites using the new approach. A series of off-axis tensile tests of quasi-UD composites were carried out. In this study, Puck’s interfiber fracture criterion was expanded for the first time to estimate the off-axis tensile stresses of UD composites. With the experimental values, the shear properties were obtained through the curve-fitting methods. Damage mechanisms were demonstrated to evolve with the loading angle. By comparison to experimental data, the Hahn-Tsai equation, together with the transformation equation, was found to be adequate to describe the off-axis tensile stress-strain relation of single-ply quasi-UD GF/PP composites.

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