3-D Carbon Black Primary Structure Characterization via a New Electron Microscopy-Photogrammetry Technique

1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Mercer ◽  
A. H. Boyer ◽  
M. L. Deviney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Individual Laboratory

Abstract In summary, we have presented a novel 3-D technique for image analysis of carbon black morphology. This technique involves measurements on a single aggregate while viewing this aggregate in three dimensions. The technique uses precision photogrammetry instrumentation and results in reasonable parameters characterizing carbon black. We believe this type of analysis to be useful on an individual laboratory or system basis, and not as an industry wide technique.

The Third Dimension of Carbon Black Structure

1976 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1068-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Mercer ◽  
A. H. Boyer ◽  
P. L. Bhusky ◽  
M. L. Deviney
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Primary Structure ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Structure is probably the most difficult characteristic of carbon black to define. Electron microscopy has shown that the individual particles of a black are fused together into a variety of shapes, collectively defined as the structure. Here, particle is used to refer to that entity which is somewhat spherical in shape and is the smallest “building block” of structure. These particles have also been called “domains” of rotational graphitic layers and “nodules”. The larger unit resulting from the fusion of these particles forms an “aggregate” or a “primary structure” unit. A collection of aggregates, held together by some other force (e.g , van der Waals force), is called an “agglomerate” or “secondary structure”. With dry black, it is difficult to completely eliminate all secondry structure. However, main emphasis in this study was on primary structure, because it has the greater influence on rubber properties and because secondary structure is greatly reduced in good rubber mixing. Many recent characterization studies have been concerned with making direct measurements on primary structure units (aggregates) by automated image analysis techniques, a pencil following device, and a comparative chart method. In the work described here, a different approach has been taken to viewing carbon black primary structure units, an approach using the scanning electron microscope combined with stereoscopic methods. This initial report will be mainly concerned with a description of the techniques and results on several individual primary structure units. It is suggested that the efforts described here provide a realistic view of carbon black primary structure and that a third dimension term is essential for primary structure characterization.

A Preparation of High Resolution Standards for Electron Microscopy. Part II

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
David F. Harling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Graphitized Carbon Black ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
Micro Holes

In the previous paper, the author reported on a technique for preparing vapor-deposited single crystal films as high resolution standards for electron microscopy. The present paper is intended to describe the preparation of several high resolution standards for dark field microscopy and also to mention some results obtained from these studies. Three preparations were used initially: 1.) Graphitized carbon black, 2.) Epitaxially grown particles of different metals prepared by vapor deposition, and 3.) Particles grown epitaxially on the edge of micro-holes formed in a gold single crystal film.The authors successfully obtained dark field micrographs demonstrating the 3.4Å lattice spacing of graphitized carbon black and the Au single crystal (111) lattice of 2.35Å. The latter spacing is especially suitable for dark field imaging because of its preparation, as in 3.), above. After the deposited film of Au (001) orientation is prepared at 400°C the substrate temperature is raised, resulting in the formation of many square micro-holes caused by partial evaporation of the Au film.

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of mitochondria from various rat tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our current understanding of mitochondrial ultrastructure has been derived primarily from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This information has been extrapolated into three dimensions by artist's impressions (1) or serial sectioning techniques in combination with computer processing (2). The resolution of serial reconstruction methods is limited by section thickness whereas artist's impressions have obvious disadvantages.In contrast, the new techniques of HRSEM used in this study (3) offer the opportunity to view simultaneously both the internal and external structure of mitochondria directly in three dimensions and in detail.The tridimensional ultrastructure of mitochondria from rat hepatocytes, retinal (retinal pigment epithelium), renal (proximal convoluted tubule) and adrenal cortex cells were studied by HRSEM. The specimens were prepared by aldehyde-osmium fixation in combination with freeze cleavage followed by partial extraction of cytosol with a weak solution of osmium tetroxide (4). The specimens were examined with a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope, resolution better than 30 nm, where the secondary electron detector is located in the column directly above the specimen inserted within the objective lens.

Morphometric analysis of cellular interactions with the endothelium during the development of arterial lesions using Scanning Electron Microscopy and digital image analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
M.E. Rosenfeld ◽  
C. Karboski ◽  
M.F. Prescott ◽  
P. Goodwin ◽  
R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Scanning Electron

Previous research documenting the chronology of the cellular interactions that occur on or below the surface of the endothelium during the initiation and progression of arterial lesions, primarily consisted of descriptive studies. The recent development of lower cost image analysis hardware and software has facilitated the collection of high resolution quantitative data from microscopic images. In this report we present preliminary quantitative data on the sequence of cellular interactions that occur on the endothelium during the initiation of atherosclerosis or vasculitis utilizing digital analysis of images obtained directly from the scanning electron microscope. Segments of both atherosclerotic and normal arteries were obtained from either diet-induced or endogenously (WHHL) hypercholesterolemic rabbits following 1-4 months duration of hypercholesterolemia and age matched control rabbits. Vasculitis was induced in rats following placement of an endotoxin soaked thread adjacent to the adventitial surface of arteries.

Applications of CCEM to Environmental Health Problems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
R. J. Lee ◽  
J. S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
External Agent ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
General Aspects

Electron microscopy (EM), with the advent of computer control and image analysis techniques, is rapidly evolving from an interpretative science into a quantitative technique. Electron microscopy is potentially of value in two general aspects of environmental health: exposure and diagnosis.In diagnosis, electron microscopy is essentially an extension of optical microscopy. The goal is to characterize cellular changes induced by external agents. The external agent could be any foreign material, chemicals, or even stress. The use of electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool is well- developed, but computer-controlled electron microscopy (CCEM) has had only limited impact, mainly because it is fairly new and many institutions lack the resources to acquire the capability. In addition, major contributions to diagnosis will come from CCEM only when image analysis (IA) and processing algorithms are developed which allow the morphological and textural changes recognized by experienced medical practioners to be quantified. The application of IA techniques to compare cellular structure is still in a primitive state.

Electron Microscopy and image analysis of nucleo-protein complexes

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
E. H. Egelman ◽  
X. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Reca Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Helical Polymer ◽  
Specific Protease

The RecA protein of E. coli has been shown to mediate genetic recombination, regulate its own synthesis, control the expression of other genes, act as a specific protease, form a helical polymer and have an ATPase activity, among other observed properties. The unusual filament formed by the RecA protein on DNA has not previously been shown to exist outside of bacteria. Within this filament, the 36 Å pitch of B-form DNA is extended to about 95 Å, the pitch of the RecA helix. We have now establishedthat similar nucleo-protein complexes are formed by bacteriophage and yeast proteins, and availableevidence suggests that this structure is universal across all of biology, including humans. Thus, understanding the function of the RecA protein will reveal basic mechanisms, in existence inall organisms, that are at the foundation of general genetic recombination and repair.Recombination at this moment is assuming an importance far greater than just pure biology. The association between chromosomal rearrangements and neoplasms has become stronger and stronger, and these rearrangements are most likely products of the recombinatory apparatus of the normal cell. Further, damage to DNA appears to be a major cause of cancer.

scholarly journals Structural and chemical characterization of MoO2/MoS2 triple-hybrid materials using electron microscopy in up to three dimensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Frank ◽  
Thomas Gänsler ◽  
Stefan Hieke ◽  
Simon Fleischmann ◽  
Samantha Husmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Network ◽  
Core Shell Nanoparticles

This work presents the synthesis of MoO2/MoS2 core/shell nanoparticles within a carbon nanotube network and their detailed electron microscopy investigation in up to three dimensions. The triple-hybrid core/shell material was...

scholarly journals Solid-State Ball-Milling of Co3O4 Nano/Microspheres and Carbon Black Endorsed LaMnO3 Perovskite Catalyst for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Chelladurai Karuppiah ◽  
Balamurugan Thirumalraj ◽  
Srinivasan Alagar ◽  
Shakkthivel Piraman ◽  
Ying-Jeng Jame Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bifunctional Electrocatalyst ◽  
Bet Analysis

Developing a highly stable and non-precious, low-cost, bifunctional electrocatalyst is essential for energy storage and energy conversion devices due to the increasing demand from the consumers. Therefore, the fabrication of a bifunctional electrocatalyst is an emerging focus for the promotion and dissemination of energy storage/conversion devices. Spinel and perovskite transition metal oxides have been widely explored as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts to replace the noble metals in fuel cell and metal-air batteries. In this work, we developed a bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) study using the mechanochemical route coupling of cobalt oxide nano/microspheres and carbon black particles incorporated lanthanum manganite perovskite (LaMnO3@C-Co3O4) composite. It was synthesized through a simple and less-time consuming solid-state ball-milling method. The synthesized LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques. The electrocatalysis results showed excellent electrochemical activity towards ORR/OER kinetics using LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 catalyst, as compared with Pt/C, bare LaMnO3@C, and LaMnO3@C-RuO2 catalysts. The observed results suggested that the newly developed LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 electrocatalyst can be used as a potential candidate for air-cathodes in fuel cell and metal-air batteries.

The structure of grease via electron microscopy and image analysis

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Shuff ◽  
L. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis
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