An Elastomeric Energy Storage Device for Automotive Engine Restart

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Killgoar ◽  
R. A. Pett ◽  
R. J. Tabar ◽  
L. R. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Energy Storage Device ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Abstract An elastomeric spring starter using rubber in shear has been designed. Design criteria have been established and used to develop potential compounds for use in the device. Natural rubber proved to be the elastomer of choice primarily because of its excellent fatigue resistance. To reconcile bonding requirements and requirements for low hysteresis, the individual rings were fabricated from two elastomer compounds. Limitations on the thermal stability of the adhesive system were identified which put constraints on the operating conditions for the starter. A prototype starter has been assembled and installed in a vehicle. This prototype starter provides quiet, rapid starting of the test car. Questions of cost effectiveness, reliability, durability or manufacturing feasibility of this device have not been addressed. The starter was built for experimental purposes only and development of such a concept for mass production has not been explored.

Thermal stability of metalorganic compounds on volcanic olivine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brau ◽  
Marco Matzka ◽  
Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin ◽  
Norbert Hertkorn ◽  
Werner Ertel-Ingrisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Tube Furnace ◽  
Stability Field ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gas Tight ◽  
Metalorganic Compounds ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

<p>Previously unknown class of metalorganic compounds revealed in meteorites [1] also found on the surfaces of silicate phases such as olivine, may have been involved in the emergence of life.  Here, the thermal stability of such organic compounds has been experimentally investigated under conditions which simulate those extant on the early Earth. We have studied olivines from the Hawaiian eruptions of 1959 and 2018. Individual mineral grains have been hand-picked to be free of secondary phases such as pyroxene or melt. We use a high temperature gas-tight tube furnace under CO-CO<sub>2</sub> gas mixture at temperatures ranging from 950°C to 1350°C and oxygen fugacity ranging from 10<sup>-12</sup> to 10<sup>-10 </sup>bar, within the stability field of olivine. The samples were contained in Pt crucibles and held for dwell times of 1 to 64 h. Quenching was performed by lifting the samples vertically out of the tube furnace. Using EPMA (electron microprobe analyzer) and RAMAN spectroscopy, we have mapped the state of the olivine samples. We observe that the composition of the individual mineral grains remains stable and homogeneous with thermal treatment. We are also investigating the role of impurities and cracks in the natural olivine and synthetic forsterite that might influence our study. The metalorganic cargo of these olivines has been analyzed using FT-ICR-MS (Fourier Transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry). Preliminary results reveal systematic changes or organic molecular composition depending on time and heat of thermal treatment whose origins will be discussed.</p><p>[1] A. Ruf, B. Kanawati, N. Hertkorn, Q. Yin, F. Moritz, M. Harir, M. Lucio, B. Michalke, J. Wimpenny, S. Shilobreeva, B. Bronsky, V. Saraykin, Z. Gabelica, R. D. Gougeon, E. Quirico, S. Ralew, T. Jakubowski,  H. Haack, M. Gonsior, P. Jenniskens, N. W. Hinman, P. Schmitt-Kopplin. (2017) Previously unknown class of metalorganic compoundsrevealed in meteorites. PNAS 114 (2017) 2819-2824.</p>

scholarly journals The preparation of nylon-tube-supported hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the use of the co-immobilized enzymes in the automated determination of glucose.

1975 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Morris ◽  
J Campbell ◽  
W E Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Nylon Tube ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Automated Determination

Triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate was used to O-alkylate nylon-tube thus producing the imidate salt of the nylon which was further made to react with 1,6-diaminohexane. 2. Hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) were immobilized on the amino-substituted nylon tube through glutaraldeyde and bisimidates. 3. The effect of varying the conditions of O-alkylation and the amount of enzyme immobilized on the activity of nylon tube-hexokinase derivatives was determined. 4. The effect of varying the amount of enzyme immobilized on the activity of nylon-tube-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase derivatives was determined. 5. The thermal stability of nylon-tube-hexokinase and nylon-tube-glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase derivatives was studied. 6. Different ratios of hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were co-immobilized on nylon tube, and the rate of conversion of glucose into 6-phosphogluconolactone was compared with the individual activities of the immobilized enzymes. 7. Hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase co-immobilized on nylon tube were used in the automated analysis of glucose.

Evaluation of the thermal stability of composite powder materials in a plasma jet

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
I. N. Kravchenko ◽  
Yu. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A. L. Galinovskii ◽  
S. A. Velichko ◽  
P. A. Ionov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Sharp Change ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
High Temperature Gas

The results of studies of the thermal stability of materials operating in a plasma jet at high temperatures and a sharp change in thermal loads are presented. It has been proven that the use of plasma generators with the introduction of various powder materials makes it possible to simulate the operating conditions of parts in high-temperature gas flows with heated particles. The effect of the introduced powder materials on the thermal stability of samples prepared by plasma spraying from molybdenum, as well as tungsten and tungsten-based compositions is investigated. An installation is proposed for assessing the thermal stability of composite materials and protective hardening coatings operating under high-temperature gas flows, which makes it possible to determine their erosion resistance.

Thermal Stability of Severe Plastically Deformed VT-6 (Ti-6Al-4V)

2008 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Rack ◽  
Javaid Qazi ◽  
L. Allard ◽  
Ruslan Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Continuous Recrystallization ◽  
Hardness Increase ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The thermal stability of equal channel angular extruded VT-6(Ti-6Al-4V) has been examined using micro-hardness, nano-hardness of the individual αand β phases backscattered scanning (BSEI) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After straining to an equivalent total equivalent of 6.5 samples were annealed for 1 h at temperatures between 175 and 800 o C followed by water quenching. Micro and nano-hardness measurements showed an initial hardness increase, the former rising to a maximum at 175°C, while the latter exhibited a maximum at 500°C. BSEI and TEM analysis showed that these observations can be understood by considering the microstructure changes occurring at different length scales. Annealing in the temperature range of 175 to 500°C did not significantly alter the α and β particle size, while TEM showed that recovery and continuous recrystallization occurred in the α phase, higher temperatures being required to activate the recovery and recrystallization processes within the β phase. Finally at temperatures above 600°C spheroidization and growth of the β phase occurred with the volume fraction of this phase increasing from 15 pct at lower temperature to 25 pct at 800°C, an equi-axed α+ β microstructure being observed at this temperature.

The Quantification and Improvement of the Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuel

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Mills ◽  
D. R. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Fuel Performance ◽  
Initiation Rate ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Aviation Turbine Fuel ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Studies of the propensity of aviation turbine fuels to lacquer engine oil-coolers that were described in an earlier paper have been extended to cover a wider range of fuels. Fuel performance was found to vary widely; some fuels were liable to lacquer oil-coolers to the extent of producing significant losses in efficiency at the most severe operating conditions currently encountered. Oxidation studies conducted in parallel with the rig investigations indicate that a fuel’s performance is strongly dependent on its tendency to initiate radical oxidation reactions. The relatively high initiation rate of less stable fuels is believed to be due in part to their trace content of metals that catalyze oxidation reactions. Accordingly, an approved metal deactivating additive has been examined as a means of improving the performance of such fuels.

scholarly journals Effect of titanium addition on thermal stability of hydroxyapatite/zirconia nanocomposite

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Wang ◽  
X.F. Wang ◽  
C.L. Yu ◽  
Y.Q. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Wet Chemical Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Titanium Addition ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

HA/ZrO2 composite nanpowder with various addition of titanium (0.2-2.4wt%) were synthesized via wet chemical method using ZrOCl2.8H2O, H3PO4, Ca(OH)2 and tetraethylorthotitanate as precursor materials. The composites were then sintered at 900-1200?C for 2h, respectively. Effect of titanium addition to the composite on the phase composition and thermal stability during thermal treatment was investigated. The results suggested that as the sintering temperature increased from 900?C to 1200?C and with the addition of titanium to the composite below 0.8wt%, main phases were HA and ZrO2. As the sintering temperature increased to 1200?C and with the addition of titanium to the composite above 0.8wt%, main phases were HA, ZrO2 and a small amount of dicalcium phosphate (DCP). There were still no tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) and CaZrO3 phases observed, which indicated that the addition of titanium restrained decomposition of HA and thermal reaction between HA and ZrO2. It also suggested that the addition of 0.8wt% titanium to the composite was optimum for producing HA/ZrO2 composite nanopowder with expected main phases. With the addition of 0.8wt% titanium to the composite, SEM images showed that the individual particles of the two materials were still visible, which also implied that the reaction between HA and ZrO2 did not occur.

The Ordered Phase Formation in Ti-Al-Ga Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro ◽  
Harold L. Gegel
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Alpha Titanium ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Ordered-alpha titanium alloys having a DO19 type structure have good potential for high temperature (600°C) applications, due to the thermal stability of the ordered phase and the inherent resistance to recrystallization of these alloys. Five different Ti-Al-Ga alloys consisting of equal atomic percents of aluminum and gallium solute additions up to the stoichiometric composition, Ti3(Al, Ga), were used to study the growth kinetics of the ordered phase and the nature of its interface.The alloys were homogenized in the beta region in a vacuum of about 5×10-7 torr, furnace cooled; reheated in air to 50°C below the alpha transus for hot working. The alloys were subsequently acid cleaned, annealed in vacuo, and cold rolled to about. 050 inch prior to additional homogenization

Microstructure studies of tungsten silicide schottky contacts on Gaas

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Yih-Cheng Shih ◽  
E. L. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Schottky Contact ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Barrier Heights ◽  
Gaas Substrates ◽  
Film Adhesion ◽  
Threshold Voltages ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Tungsten silicides (WSix) have been successfully used as the gate materials in self-aligned GaAs metal-semiconductor-field- effect transistors (MESFET). Thermal stability of the WSix/GaAs Schottky contact is of major concern since the n+ implanted source/drain regions must be annealed at high temperatures (∼ 800°C). WSi0.6 was considered the best composition to achieve good device performance due to its low stress and excellent thermal stability of the WSix/GaAs interface. The film adhesion and the uniformity in barrier heights and ideality factors of the WSi0.6 films have been improved by depositing a thin layer of pure W as the first layer on GaAs prior to WSi0.6 deposition. Recently WSi0.1 has been used successfully as the gate material in 1x10 μm GaAs FET's on the GaAs substrates which were sputter-cleaned prior to deposition. These GaAs FET's exhibited uniform threshold voltages across a 51 mm wafer with good film adhesion after annealing at 800°C for 10 min.

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