scholarly journals How do we Look at Prostitutes in Algeria, a Model of Western Domination? The Example of the Appearance of the "Ouled-Naïl" in Fromentin, Maupassant and Gide

Viatica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick AUROUSSEAU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Sexual Tourism ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article traces the genealogy of the figure of the dancer or prostitute from the Ouled-Naïl ethnic group in Algeria from the second half of the 19th century onwards. It assesses the possible responsibility of writer-travellers in the sexual exploitation of these women. By focusing on three great writers of the time (Fromentin, Maupassant and Gide), it aims to measure the appreciation of prostitution in French literary discourse, initially perceived as traditional practice yet which gradually engendered sexual tourism.

scholarly journals KRYASHENS OF UDMURT PRIKAMYE REGION IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE XVIII - MIDDLE XIX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
Nikolai Viktorovich Pislegin ◽  
Vladimir Sergeevich Churakov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Class Status ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Over Time

The article comes to view the development of Kryashens, which are connected with Udmurts or with the territory of the modern Udmurt Republic, in the last third of the 18th - middle 19th century. The area in question is the Malmyzh and Elabuga counties of Vyaka province and Mamadysh county of Kazan province. The “Udmurt old-christened” ethno-class status of the inhabitants of the settlements of the Srednekushket volost’ of the Malmyzh county, noted by the sources, was to some extent a “tribute to tradition”. In Mamadysh county in 1834 historically associated with the Udmurts Kryashen settlements were located in 3 volosts; the tendency for their assimilation, which was reflected in the middle of the 18th century, was completed here even earlier, in the first third of the 19th century. In Yelabuga county since its formation there was a old-christened small administrative-territorial unit. In the historical settlements of Kryashens, located in our days in the territory of the Udmurt Republic (Grakhov and Kizner districts), their Udmurt origin, with few exceptions, is not traced. The appearance of this sub-ethnic group of Tatars here was mainly due to migration processes from the nearest southern territory. In this period the norm for the Kryashens was shared with other peoples - Tatars, Mari, Udmurts, and later - Russians. The presence of Russians in historical Kryashen villages steadily increased over time. From the late 18th century the Kryashen volosts often included villages with different ethnic-caste identity. From the second quarter of the 19th century the disappearance of the Kryashen small administrative-territorial units began. It was caused, first of all, by transformations of the state in this sphere.

Relexification in Canada: The Case of Métif (French-Cree)

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
First Language ◽  
Population Group ◽  
French Canadian ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
French Canada ◽  
European Descent ◽  
French And English ◽  
The 19Th Century

Métif is a language spoken in the Canadian prairie provinces and the American prairie states bordering Canada. There are probably between 3000 and 5000 people who speak Métif as their first language, most of them of advanced age. They are living mostly in scattered Métis settlements. The Métis are a nation of mixed Amerindian and European descent. From the 17th century on French Canadian fur traders and voyageurs travelled west-wards from French Canada. Many of them married Amerindian women, who were often Cree speaking. Around 1860 the Métis were the largest population group of the Canadian West, many of them multilinguals. From the first decades of the 19th century the Métis started to consider themselves as a separate ethnic group, neither European nor Amerindian (see e.g., Peterson and Brown 1985). The Métis are still a distinct people. The Métis nowadays often speak Cree, Ojibwa, Métif, French and English or a combination of these. They often speak particular varieties of these languages. Not only is the French spoken by the Métis markedly different from other North American French dialects the language called Métif is uniquely spoken among the Métis people. For more information on Métif and Métis languages, see the publications listed in Bakker (1989).

JONATHAN N. LIPMAN, Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China, Studies on Ethnic Groups in China (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997). Pp. 302. $22.50 paper.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barfield
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Muslims ◽  
China Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Chinese Muslims, known today as the Hui and during the 19th century as Dungans, present a particular problem for a historian. Why should Chinese-speaking believers in Islam constitute a separate ethnic group when believers in other religions of foreign origin (Buddhism and Christianity, for example) do not? Did Chinese Muslims have a common history across China, or has one been created for them because they are now labeled an ethnic minority group (minzou) in the People's Republic of China? Jonathan Lipman begins his history by challenging the whole notion of the “Hui” as an ethnic group, which he argues in his Introduction has been taken as an unproblematic category by both Chinese and Western scholars. Lipman prefers the term “Sino-Muslim” to “Hui” to emphasize the reality that these Muslims are and have been Chinese in culture for centuries and to distinguish them from non–Chinese-speaking Muslim groups in China.

scholarly journals Nación y utopía en Cuadros de costumbres guatemaltecas, de José Milla (On Nation and Utopia in Cuadros de costumbres guatemaltecas, by José Milla)

LETRAS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (62) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
María Oliva Méndez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Literary Meaning ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

El artículo analiza el significado histórico y literario de los cuadros de costumbres del guatemalteco José Milla, en cuanto portadores de un proyecto político e ideológico en torno a la idea de nación. Agrupado el corpus en dos categorías (los que exponen los estereotipos masculinos y los que se ocupan de los femeninos), se describe como aspecto esencial un proyecto, desde el discurso literario, de homogenización de la sociedad guatemalteca. Entre otros aspectos, se destaca el binomio civilización/barbarie y otras oposiciones relacionadas. Se está ante la construcción de una idealización utópica de la sociedad guatemalteca a lo largo del siglo XIX. AbstractThe article analyzes the historical and literary meaning of the prose sketches on customs by the Guatemalan José Milla, written to portray a political and ideological proposal developed around the concept of nation. The corpus is divided into two categories of stereotypes (masculine and feminine). That project, concerning the homogenization of the Guatemalan society, is described through literary discourse, as an essential element. Emphasis is given to aspects such as the binomial civilization/barbarism and other related oppositions. This conveys the construction of the utopic idealization of Guatemalan society throughout the 19th century. 

scholarly journals ASAL USUL, PENGOLAHAN DAN SIMBOL RAGAM GERAK TARIAN SUMANGGAK ETNIK TOMBONUO

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-78
Author(s):  
CHENG JIA MIN ◽  
LOW KOK ON
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
Performance Context ◽  
The 19Th Century

ABSTRAK  Tarian Sumanggak moden telah diolah oleh Suana Kabora berdasarkan pergerakan ritual muinsamung dan monginsamung etnik Tombonuo di daerah Pitas, Sabah pada tahun 1983. Fokus kajian ini tertumpu kepada aspek perubahan, pengolahan dan simbol ragam gerak tarian Sumanggak moden. Bagi mengumpul data kajian, tiga siri kerja lapangan dijalankan di empat buah kampung di daerah Pitas. Kaedah temu bual, pemerhatian, rakaman video dan pengambilan gambar telah digunakan dalam kajian lapangan. Analisis secara interpretasi mendapati asal usul nama tarian Sumanggak diperoleh daripada perbuatan membuka gadur (bekas yang diperbuat daripada tembaga), yang dikenali sebagai adat Sumanggak. Persembahan tarian Sumanggak didapati mengalami perubahan dari zaman mengayau sehinggalah zaman kini. Tarian ini berasal daripada upacara muinsamung, yang dikendalikan semasa rombongan mengayau dalam perjalanan kembali ke kampung. Pada zaman pentadbiran British (akhir kurun ke-19), konsep persembahan tarian Sumanggak berubah kerana upacara muinsamung telah ditukar kepada upacara monginsamung. Oleh itu, aspek-aspek persembahan tarian Sumanggak seperti ragam gerak, kostum, alat muzik, dan prop mengalami perubahan dari segi fungsi dan pengolahan. Setiap ragam gerak didapati mempunyai simbol yang berkait rapat dengan ritual tradisional etnik Tombonuo.   ABSTRACT The modern Sumanggak dance was adapted by Suana Kabora in 1983, based on the movements depicted from the muinsamung and monginsamung rituals of the Tombonuo ethnic group in Pitas district, Sabah. This study focuses on the aspects of the performance, the adaption and the symbols that are portrayed in the dance movements of the modern Sumanggak dance. This study involved three field trips to collect data from four villages in Tombonuo in Pitas district. Among the research methods employed were interviews, observations, video recordings and photography. Based on the interpretation and analysis of the study, it was found that the name of the modern Sumanggak dance originated from the act of opening the gadur (vessel made of bronze), which is known as Sumanggak. The performance context of the Sumanggak dance focused on the head-hunting period to the British administration era until the present time. The Sumanggak dance originated from the muinsamung ritual, which was performed at the time of the arrival of the head-hunting group at their village. During the British administration era (end of the 19th century), the Sumanggak dance had undergone some modifications due to transition from the muinsamung ritual to the monginsamung ritual. The aspect of the dance movements, the costume, the musical instruments and the props had undergone changes in terms of function and adaption. Each symbol of the dance movement has also been found to be closely related to the muinsamung and monginsamung rituals.

scholarly journals Caught Between the Notions of Ethnicity, Citizenship and Diaspora. The Case of the Bosniaks in Turkey

Poligrafi ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 31-63
Author(s):  
Melih Coban
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Cultural Assimilation ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Turkish Culture ◽  
New Nation ◽  
The 19Th Century

Along with many others, Bosniaks are an ethnic group within the contemporary Turkish nation with immigrant roots dating back to the last quarter of the 19th century. Constituting a significant ethno-demographic part of the Ottoman legacy within the modern Turkish nation, Bosniaks in Turkey have long refrained from identifying themselves with a separate ethnic or cultural identity when confronted with the assimilationist cultural policies of the new nation state. But, while adapting themselves to Turkish culture and identity, Bosniaks have also preserved a collective identity of Bosniakness, mostly owing to the fact that their population in Turkey has been fed by continuous migration waves in different periods. The aim of this study is to analyze the problematic development of a Bosniak identity in Turkey with regards to the cultural assimilation processes and continuous migration waves and other factors on both foreign and domestic scales. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that Bosniaks in Turkey do not yet constitute a Bosniak diaspora, but rather they can be regarded as a diaspora in the making.

scholarly journals BANJARESE ISLAMIC SCHOLARS (‘ULEMA) AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN TEMBILAHAN (PRELIMINARY RESEARCH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Raihani Raihani
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dynamic Relations ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Depth Interviews

Banjarese, an ethnic group in South Kalimantan, were estimated to have migrated to Tembilahanand its surroundings in the 19th century following the defeat of the Banjar Sultanate bythe Dutch colonialists. The religious intellectualism rooted in the Banjarese tradition has untilnow resulted in the production of ‘ulema (religious scholars) even in new places to which theyhave migrated. Using in-depth interviews with several figures in Tembilahan, this preliminarystudy sheds light on how Banjarese ‘ulema in the area have contributed to the transformationof society. This study is important as there has not been solid research-based informationabout this important topic publicly available. It found that Banjarese ‘ulema have played animportant role in educating people through formal and informal ways to be religiously committedand socio-economically active. They have demonstrated dynamic relations with society, butsome of them were not immune from political and material temptations. It seems that the fartherthey stay away from such temptations, the more charisma they develop, and the more the opportunities they may have to contribute to the social transformation of Tembilahan society

Transformation of Adyghe Society in the 19th Century as Shown by the Subethnos of the Abadzekhs

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Anzhela Cheucheva
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Land Allocation ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article discusses the transformation of the life of Adyghe society throughout the 19th century. The object of the study is the Adyghe Abadzekhs, who lived in the historical region of the North-West Caucasus, called Abadzekhia. In the 19th century, these people turned to be at the center of the conquest policy of the Russian Empire. The publication attempts to analyze the changes that occurred with part of the Adyghe ethnic group — the Abadzekhs, as well as the influence of the Caucasian War. The research shows that constant military operations contributed to a change in the life of Adyghe society, having a destructive influence on it. At the end of the Caucasian War, part of the Adyghe population died, part emigrated, and the remaining part moved to other regions of the North Caucasus. The Russian administration established new rules and restrictions that related to the organization of management, land allocation. The introduction of new rules caused protests that were suppressed, which complicated the integration of part of the Adyghes into the Russian Empire. Gradually experience was developed that contributed to the regulation of the behavior of the Adyghes through the introduction of new rules and norms of life within the framework of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Power and society in the second quarter of the 19th century: Specific features of interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-689
Author(s):  
Anatolii I. Narezhnyi ◽  
Oksana O. Zav'yalova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Process ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

Based on the communicative approach developed by Jürgen Habermas, the article focuses on the main forms of interaction between power and society in the second quarter of the 19th century and investigates their features and inclusion in the space of the public sphere of the Russian Empire. The authors have made an attempt to clarify the point of view presented in historiography according to which the course of the Nicholaevan government towards “gradual improvement” of state life marked the refusal to cooperate with educated society, which in its turn had led to the mutual alienation between power and society by the end of the reign of Nicholas I. This view does not sufficiently consider the socio-cultural condition and the level of ambitions of the representatives of Russian society who began to see themselves as an active subject of the socio-political process in the period under research. Despite the desire of the Russian authorities to control the “work of thought” during the reign of Nicholas I, the main forms of interaction between the authorities and the public were outlined. By means of them, members of the public were able to convey to the authorities their vision of ways to solve pressing socio-political problems. Among these forms of interaction were literary circles and salons as well as the traditional practice of personal messages and letters addressed to the sovereign. In the 1840s, correspondents became more active in assessing government policy on the western outskirts of the Russian Empire. Government officials, writers and publicists sent their proposals for adjusting the national policy, and representatives of the authorities including Nicholas I himself responded to them, thus encouraging the public to intensify their activities. These proposals are assessed by the authors as a significant factor in the preparation of the course towards the Russification of national outskirts in the second half of the 19th century. The conclusion is substantiated that the views and proposals emanating from the representatives of the public outlined the contours of a possible model of interaction between power and society under the conditions of autocratic government.

Trust in B2C E-Commerce for the New Zealand Maori

2005 ◽  
pp. 2882-2886
Author(s):  
Konrad J. Peszynski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The 19Th Century

This study was performed to allow an understanding of some of the elements of trust that are apparent to encourage the Mäori Internet shopper to feel comfortable to shop online. Mäori arrived in New Zealand from the Pacific over 1,000 years ago. Since then, New Zealand was colonised by Europeans in the 19th century. As a result, the Mäori have become a minority (Belich, 1996). That is, their culture, language and values have become secondary to those of the dominant European culture (Liu, Wilson, McClure & Higgins, 1999). Mäori have been defined as including “all those who identify themselves as belonging to the New Zealand Mäori ethnic group, either alone or in combination with any other ethnic group” (Statistics New Zealand, 1998, p. 94).

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