North American mycology comes of age: the 19th century participants and their roles

Mycotaxon ◽  
10.5248/134.1 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-110
Author(s):  
Ronald H. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
The 19Th Century

A history of early household economics: Improving the family’s contribution to industrial production and rationalizing family consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-1005
Author(s):  
Miriam Bankovsky
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Household Economics ◽  
Social Good ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Consumer ◽  
Family Consumption ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article contributes to our knowledge of two early phases in the history of household economics. The first is represented by the 19th-century theory of Alfred Marshall and the second by the interwar theories of several North American consumer economists (Hazel Kyrk, Elizabeth Hoyt, and Margaret Reid). The aim is to present the analytical focus and accounts of social good that animated these phases. Since Marshall’s focus was on improving industrial production, his family economics explained how the Victorian family could improve the labour it contributed to industry. But the North American consumer economists sought to improve family consumption. Regarding ethics, 19th-century families were to cultivate an industrious and altruistic character. But the consumer economists thought families needed protection from producer fraud, along with living standards that expressed their individuality. Early household economics also accepted the gendered family form that had accompanied these developments, rejecting more ‘activist’ conceptions.

Trauerbilder und Totenporträts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Munforte
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Marcus Aurelius ◽  
Miniature Painting ◽  
The 19Th Century

"Keeping freshly alive the memories," was how the American daguerreotypist Marcus Aurelius Root summed up the guiding principle of the still young portrait photography in 1864. Until the middle of the 19th century, this principle was often associated with miniature painting in North America. This served as a crucial material aesthetic and iconographic reference for memory and grief photography. However, photography was able to assert itself through painting with a higher sharpness and the impression of a direct presence of the portrayed. At the center of the book are discourses on the materiality and mediality of the memory images in the context of local mourning and memorial traditions. Patrizia Munforte examines the interrelations between portrait photography and painting in North American visual culture after 1800.

Surveying the Nomenclature of Geologic Time

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Tracey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The U.S

Publication in 1976 of the International Stratigraphic Guide climaxed a movement toward unification of nomenclature begun a century earlier when an American committee formed to promote an international meeting of geologists. American stratigraphic practice during the remainder of the 19th Century developed chiefly through the needs of the United States Geological Survey for uniform standards in geologic nomenclature and cartography. The requirement for maps which were usable by the intelligent layman for practical purposes led Directors King and Powell to emphasize the mapping of lithology, rather than time units delineated faunally. This approach was not universally accepted and led to bitter dispute. H. S. Williams and C. D. Walcott deserve credit for clarifying the distinction between terms for time and terms for rocks. Under Director Walcott, the 1890 codification of Powell was modified and formalized into the 1904 "Rules" of the U.S. Geological Survey. A major distinction was the placing in separate sections those rules concerned with lithologic units and those concerned with time and correlation. This dual classification, fundamental to all United States and North American stratigraphic codes during this century, has become a guiding principal in the international efforts at standardization of usage.

Conspecificity of Plantago fastigiata of North America with P. ovata of the Old World

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1865-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
B. R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
New World ◽  
Old World ◽  
The North ◽  
The 19Th Century

Comparative morphological and palynological studies have been carried out on Plantago fastigiata (P. insularis) of the New World and P. ovata, including some closely allied species of section Leucopsyllium, of the Old World. As a result, P. fastigiata is regarded as conspecific with P. ovata. It is postulated that the North American populations known as P. fastigiata are introductions of P. ovata dating from the late 18th and the beginning of the 19th century by early settlers in California.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

Immigrant Arab Women in Chile during the Renaissance (Nahda), 1910s-1920s

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Sarah Limorté
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Arab Women ◽  
Arab Woman ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Levantine immigration to Chile started during the last quarter of the 19th century. This immigration, almost exclusively male at the outset, changed at the beginning of the 20th century when women started following their fathers, brothers, and husbands to the New World. Defining the role and status of the Arab woman within her community in Chile has never before been tackled in a detailed study. This article attempts to broach the subject by looking at Arabic newspapers published in Chile between 1912 and the end of the 1920s. A thematic analysis of articles dealing with the question of women or written by women, appearing in publications such as Al-Murshid, Asch-Schabibat, Al-Watan, and Oriente, will be discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document