scholarly journals FENTON OXIDATION AS A STRATEGY TO PRESERVE THE BIOMASS IN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Lucila Inés Doumic ◽  
Maria Esperanza Almeida ◽  
Giuliana Giulietti ◽  
Maria A. Ayude ◽  
Ana Micaela Ferro Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Fenton Oxidation ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Pre Treatment

Wastewaters containing biocides constitute an increasing environmental pollution concern. In this work, the feasibility of implementing a pre-treatment based on the Fenton process to minimize the negative impact of biocide compounds, such as benzalkonium chlorides (BAC), on the activated sludge system was studied. The behavior of the microbial community in the presence of a BAC solution untreated (BAC100) or pre-treated by homogeneous Fenton oxidation (BAC100/HF) was analyzed. The addition of BAC100 to the activated sludge system caused a deleterious effect. The cellular lysis process caused a 30% decrease in biomass concentration. The inhibition of respiratory activity was 73%. In contrast, BAC100/HF caused no significant decrease in the biomass concentration or detectable inhibition of the respiratory activity. Besides, the consumption of easily oxidizable products was observed. Results indicated that the homogeneous Fenton process as a pre-treatment of wastewaters containing BAC could become a feasible alternative to protect active biomass in biological treatment systems.

Protein analysis as a measure of active biomass in activated sludge

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yücesoy ◽  
N. Lüdemann ◽  
H. Lucas ◽  
J. Tan ◽  
M. Denecke
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Conventional methods to determine the biomass in activated sludge are the measurement of total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS). Such methods do not distinguish between active biomass and inactive organic material. In this study, biomass was determined with both conventional methods and also through measuring the protein content with the modified Lowry method. In order to investigate the relationship between activity and biomass concentration in terms of TSS, VSS and protein content, some starvation experiments were conducted. It was found that the protein fraction of VSS differs under different starvation conditions. The biological activity of the activated sludge was measured as oxygen uptake rate (OUR). The strongest correlation could be measured between protein and OUR under various conditions. The results show that protein is an appropriate parameter for the measurement of the biological activity.

MONITORING OF THE MAXIMUM RESPIRATION RATE

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Henri Spanjers ◽  
Hardy Temmink ◽  
Abraham Klapwijk
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Respiration Chamber ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
Influent Flow

The maximum respiration rate is useful for estimating the active biomass concentration and detecting toxic effects on the activated sludge. In this paper we describe a method for continuously measuring the maximum respiration rate of sludge in an activated sludge plant. The method is based on the continuous addition of wastewater into sludge flowing through a respiration chamber. The measurement is verified, at regular intervals, by stepwise increasing the wastewater sample flow to the respiration chamber whilst recording the respiration rate. The results of a measuring period at a pilot plant are presented. The influent flow to this plant was varied according to a square wave pattern with a period of 12 hours. The maximum respiration rate was monitored and during each period the measurement was verified. The verifications show that the wastewater sample flow applied was sufficiently high to attain saturation with respect to the substrate concentration. It was concluded that in both periods the maximum respiration rate was really measured. The experiment was repeated several times during another measuring period. It was found that saturation was not always achieved at the wastewater sample flow applied and thus the maximum respiration rate was not measured in these cases. Explanations are given and suggestions for improvement of the measurement are provided.

Full-scale experiences of nitrogen removal of fish-processing wastewater with flotation and anoxic-aerobic activated sludge system

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2227-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Steinke ◽  
M. Barjenbruch
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment

This article presents full scale experience of one of the largest fish-processing factories in Europe with a production capacity of about 50,000 tons herring per year and a maximum daily wastewater discharge of 1,500 m3. The wastewater treatment plant is the only direct discharger in the fish-processing industry in Germany. Thus, very low effluent values have to be keep in, especially the nitrogen reduction has to be operated during the whole year even when the temperature is low. The central point of the multi-stage WWTP (about 90,000 PE) is the biological nutrient removal (BNR) with pre-denitrification. The wastewater pre-treatment with sieves (0.8 mm) and a two staged flotation reduces the nitrogen load – mainly the particle bounded fraction – but the optimal nutrient ratios for biological treatment need to be observed. The activated sludge system has maximum OLR of 0.12 g COD/(g MLSS d) and NLR of 0.015 g TN/(g MLSS d) but a “Stand-By”-Operation with periods without wastewater influent is unavoidable. Discontinuous operating is one problem. The dependence on temperature as one of the main influences of nitrification-activity is the second point. The article gives an overview about the start-up and the optimisation of the process.

Photo-Fenton processes assisted by solar light used as preliminary step to biological treatment applied to winery wastewaters

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mosteo ◽  
M.P. Ormad ◽  
J.L. Ovelleiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Matter Concentration

Winery wastewaters are difficult to treat by conventional biological processes, because they are seasonal and experience substantial flow variations. Photocatalytic advanced oxidation is a promising technology for wastewaters containing high amounts of organic matter. In this research work, solar assisted photo-Fenton processes of both heterogeneous and homogeneous phase are used in the pre-treatment of winery wastewaters. The results of these experiments have confirmed the suitability of the photo-Fenton processes, due to these treatments achieving purification levels of up to 50% (measured as total organic carbon). The intermediate effluents are treated adequately by aerobic biological treatment (activated sludge process), due to the decrease in organic matter concentration present in winery wastewaters. The possibility of a combined photo-Fenton process, based on the use of sunlight, and aerobic biological treatment (activated sludge) is suggested.

Estimation of Biomass Concentration and Population Dynamics in a Captor® Activated Sludge System

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Reddy ◽  
K. R. Pagilla ◽  
P. R. Senthilnathan ◽  
H. W. Johnson ◽  
P. S. Golla
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Suspended Growth ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
The Media

A technique was developed to measure the equivalent MLSS in the fixed film Captor® media-activated sludge process. The technique accounts for the wear in the media as well as unequal wear in different media. The microbial population variations encountered during three years of full scale operation of the Captor® process, at the Moundsville WWTP were recorded. It has been found that fixed film media seem to support predominantly rotifers, followed by free swimming ciliates, and single stalk ciliates. In contrast, the suspended growth activated sludge population contained lower level organisms, mostly free swimming ciliates, followed by stalk ciliates, flagellates, and a few rotifers.

Effects of high sodium chloride concentrations on activated sludge treatment

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Hamoda ◽  
I. M. S. Al-Attar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Biological Solids ◽  
Solids Retention

The performance and kinetics of the activated sludge process treating wastewaters of freshwater and salinewater (10 g/l NaCl and 30 g/l NaCl) origin were investigated using bench-scale, completely mixed reactors operated at different biological solids retention times (BSRT's) in the range of 3 to 20 d and organic loadings in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 kg COD/kg VSS.d. It has been found that the organic (COD or TOC) removal efficiency and the effluent quality of the activated sludge system were not deteriorated as a result of constant application of NaCl to acclimated biomass. However, the salinity of the effluent increased. The salt did not inhibit biomass growth under the experimental conditions studied but rather increased the biomass concentration in the reactors due to selection of salt tolerant microbial species. It has been demonstrated that kinetic models developed for the freshwater activated sludge system can be used successfully for the salinewater system. Biokinetic coefficients were determined which can be used for process design.

Cost-Effective Pre-Treatment of Food-Processing Industrial Wastewater

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. El-Gohary ◽  
F. A. Nasr ◽  
H. I. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Food Processing Wastewater

Performance of laboratory-scale aerobic and anaerobic systems treating food-processing wastewater was investigated. The results obtained showed that BOD and COD of wastewater discharged from a potato-chips factory can be reduced by 86% and 82% using UASB reactor at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.9 kg BOD/m3·d and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 hr. Corresponding results for an activated sludge system, operated at an OLR of 8.9 kg BOD/m3·d with a HRT of 6hr were 86% and 84%, respectively. Treatment of confectionery wastewater using UASB at a HRT of 12hr and an OLR of 4.4 kg BOD/m3.d gave satisfactory results. COD and BOD removals were 92.4% and 91.5%, respectively. The use of completely activated sludge system at a HRT of 6 hr and ORL of 8.4 kg BOD/m3.d gave lower results as compared to UASB reactor. However, characteristics of the effluents produced using the two systems were in agreement with the standards regulating discharge of industrial wastewater into the sewerage system. Based on the technical and economic evaluation of the results, engineering designs were made for the selected systems.

Biological Nitrification in an Up Flow Fixed Bed Reactor (UFBR)

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 795-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
G-M Faup ◽  
A Leprince ◽  
M Pannier
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Active Biomass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Special Examination

This paper describes a kinetic model for ammonification and nitrification in an upflow fixed bed reactor (UFBR) with direct injection of air into the support material. Modeling has been based on the computation of active biomass concentration along the reactor. The tests, which extended over a period of one year and have been applied to municipal sewage after conventional treatment using activated sludge, have shown that the filtration rate is the most important factor as regards both the overall quantity of biomass found in the system and the distribution of this biomass within the reactor. The optimum quantity of biomass is obtained with a filtration rate of around 5 m3.m2.hr. Under these conditions, it is then possible to reach active biomass concentrations 8 to 9 times higher than the ones found in conventional processes based on the use of nitrifying activated sludge. It is also clearly evidenced that ammonification will, in most cases, be incomplete and this will limit the efficiency of the overall reaction Total N → NO3−. Other parameters also greatly influence the process : among these parameters, the influence of the ratio air process rate/influent rate has been the subject of special examination.

Oxidation Ditch

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede H Cahyana
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
End Point ◽  
Activated Sludge System

As a part of activated sludge system, oxidation ditch has a special form like a canal without end point. Rotor is used to diffuse oxygen from air to the water.

Parameters for Measuring the Activity and Viability of Activated Sludge

1974 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Nutt ◽  
K.L. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Activated Sludge System

Abstract Conventional wastewater parameters are accepted as inadequate estimates of the condition of activated sludge but numerous other indices have been suggested as specific measurements of the activity and viability of the biomass. Literature in the related fields of microbiology and biochemistry were reviewed in order to select the most appropriate activity parameters for application to a heterogeneous biological material. Modified analytical methods were applied to a well-controlled biological system containing a single predominant bacterial species to evaluate the relative merit of each as an indicator of viability and activity. The potential of each parameter in a complex heterogeneous system was determined by monitoring each index in a bench activated sludge system. The predominant culture studies indicated that the ATP content of the biomass and the dehydrogenase activity were potential indicators of cell viability in a simple system. However, in the complex activated sludge system, only the ATP content showed significant correlation to the organic carbon removal rate.

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