scholarly journals Economic Growth, Energy and Environmental Degradation Nexus: A Case Study in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Nawaz ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Azam ◽  
Hanzala Zulfiqar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Bound Test

This study estimated the growth, energy and environmental degradation nexus in Pakistan by using time series data. The data have been taken from the World Bank for the year 1971 to 2011. The data analysis was done by using the approach of co-integration (ARDL bound test) to confirm the effective long-term positive relationship among carbon dioxide emissions, per capita income growth and the per capita income gap to monitor the trend of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Pakistan. The results of the study showed that there is no evidence of a serial correlation between the variables in the discussion, but they have a long-term association. Energy usage and per capita real income, has a positive relationship with CO2 emissions. The study has concluded that there is an evidence of inverted U shaped EKC in Pakistan and this relationship varies with different types of pollutants and geographical regions. Initially, income has a positive relationship with CO2 emission but after the turning point, both have a negative relationship.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS VARIABLES AFFECTING THE HOUSEHOLD DEMAND FOR KEROSENE FUEL IN INDONESIA

IQTISHODUNA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. V. Kawung
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Household Demand ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Per Capita

This research is aimed: (a) to discover the variables affecting the household demand for kerosene fuel in Indonesia, (b) to know the dominant variables found above.  The research used time series data from 1995-quarter I to 2004-quarter-IV, by using Dynamic Linear Model (DLM) approach by Error Correction Model (ECM).  The results showed that (a) in the short term,  household demand for kerosene fuel in Indonesia is affected by kerosene price itself, per capita income, and population number.  While at long term, it is affected by per capita income and population number. (b) The most dominant variables affecting the household demand for kerosene fuel in Indonesia was the kerosene fuel price.

scholarly journals Regional Integration: Do Intra-African Trade and Migration Improve Income in Africa?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Gnimassoun
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Regional integration in Africa is a subject of great interest, but its impact on income has not been studied sufficiently. Using cross-sectional and panel estimations, this article examines the impact of African integration on real per capita income in Africa. Accordingly, we consider intra-African trade and migration flows as quantitative measures reflecting the intensity of regional integration. To address the endogeneity concerns, we use a gravity-based, two-stage least-squares strategy. Our results show that, from a long-term perspective, African integration has not been strong enough to generate a positive, significant, and robust impact on real per capita income in Africa. However, it does appear to be significantly income-enhancing in the short and medium terms but only through intercountry migration. These results are robust to a wide range of specifications.

scholarly journals Econometric Analysis of Sustainable National Economy Development

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose. The study objective was to model conditions, mechanisms and opportunities to achieve sustainable development parameters for the national economy. Меthods. Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes have been used. Results. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxide and carbon dioxide emissions during 1991-2017, the cycle of their change lasting 3 - 5 years has been proved. It has been found out that the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Ukraine is a specific one due to the "turning points". According to the results of comparing the cyclicality of per capita income growth rates, GDP indexes with the dynamics of dependence between the hazardous substances emissions and per capita income and GDP in actual prices, it is found that they do not always coincide. It gives grounds to make a conclusion about the presence of lag between the emissions volumes changes and values of per capita income and GDP in actual prices. The conclusions are grounded on the comparison of the dynamics of GDP growth rates, income per capita, pollutant emissions and the parameters of their mutual correlation. It has been proposed to carry out coordinated policy referring its economic, social and environmental components, taking into account the time lag to create the conditions for the EKC curve parameters in the economy of Ukraine. Conclusions. . Based on the analysis of GDP growth rates dynamics, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxide and dioxide emissions, the periodicity (cyclicality) of their change has been proved. In Ukraine, EKC has a specific nature in the form of separate «turning points», without achievement of long-term parameters of the relationship between the hazardous substances emissions and GDP and per capita income values. Thus, the feasibility of developing the agreed policy concerning the economic (GDP value), social (population income level) and environmental components (conservation activity financing and decrease of hazardous substances emissions) taking into account the time lag, which will create the conditions for achieving not only temporary values, but also long-term parameters of EKC curve in the Ukrainian economy, was substantiated. The obtained results allow to forecast sustainable development parameters of Ukraine for the future.

scholarly journals DETERMINASI EKSPOR NON MIGAS INDONESIA KE JEPANG

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Soeharjoto Soeharjoto
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Per Capita

<em></em><em><em>This study aims to determine the factors that affect Indonesia's non-oil exports to Japan. The variables used are imports, exchange rates, per capita income, inflation and non-oil exports of Indonesia to Japan</em>. <em>The analytical method used is regression analysis with data used for quarterly time series data from 2005-2016.</em> <em>The results are variable imports of raw and auxiliary materials, cycles, inflation, real Japanese GDP, and the population is able to explain Indonesia's non-oil exports to Japan by 31.3 percent. Imports, exchange rates, per capita income and inflation have a positive and significant effect on non-oil and gas exports to Japan.</em></em><em> </em>

scholarly journals STAGE OF HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF PRIVATE VEHICLE OWNERSHIP IN THE CITY OF BARCELONA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Perez Diez ◽  
José Magin Campos Cacheda ◽  
Julià Cabrerizo Sinca
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The City

Transport demand and private motor vehicle ownership (cars and motorcycles) are generally related to the socio-economic development, increasing urbanization, public policies and rising per capita income. Private motor vehicle ownership varies between countries and geographical regions. However, it tends to have some common patterns in its historical evolution. So that during the early stages of development, the rate of motorization increased mainly by acquisitions of PTWs (mopeds and motorcycles). As the economy grows, the increase in per capita income stimulates a shift from PTWs to cars, which are preferred for their safety, versatility, comfort and social status. The increasing use of cars contributes to raising travel costs (congestion, parking constraints, accidents, pollution), that coupled with public policies to discourage car use, tends to favour modal shifts from cars to public transport and in some regions also to PTWs. This study analyze the historical evolution of private motor vehicle ownership in Spain (cars and motorcycles), and identify the stage in which is the city of Barcelona, characterized by the high use of PTWs.  The increase use of PTWs is a common phenomenon in some major European cities and suggests a continuous future growth in developed countries and congested urban areas, that is not in line with the assumptions of some models, which predict that in the long-run there will be a decrease in use of PTWs with high income per capita levels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3497

scholarly journals Pengaruh Belanja Pemerintah Terhadap Pendapatan Perkapita Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jamaludin Jamaludin ◽  
Hijri Juliansyah
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

This study was conducted to determine the effect of government spending on the education and health sectors on Indonesia's per capita income. The data used in this study are time series data from 1990- 2018 obtained from the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data are then analyzed using dynamic analysis of the ARDL model. The results showed that government spending in the education sector had no effect on Indonesia's per capita income for the 1990-2018 period, both in the long and short term. Government spending in the health sector affects Indonesia's per capita income for the 1990-2018 period in the short and long term

scholarly journals Openness and Growth: Evidence from Korea for 1986-2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Income Growth

By utilizing a unique annual series data of the Korean economy from 1986 co 2004, this paper discovers chat differences between two indicators of openness (i.e., trade and finance) are causal co the differentials in real per capita income growth race. The empirical evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that, with ocher factors given, greater openness co finance and trade makes a substantial contribution co higher real per capita income growth rate. Therefore, in order to increase real per capita income growth race, Korean economic policies must pursue greater openness to trade and finance as well as regulatory reform.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Okenwa Ogbodo ◽  
Chike Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

The main objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of Tax Revenue on Economic Development with a focus on Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine; the effect of Companies’ Income Tax on Per Capita Income, Petroleum Profit Tax on Per Capita Incomeof Nigeria from 2000-2019. This study employed the use of time series data and Ex-post facto research design was adopted. Secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Statistical Bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), World Bank Statistical Bulletin and Annual Abstract of Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Inferential statistics of the hypotheses were carried out with the aid of E-views 10 statistical software using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis, Granger Causality test. The study found that companies’ income tax has a significant positive effect on per capita income of Nigeria; petroleum profit tax has a significant positive effect on per capita income of Nigeria; It was recommended inter alia that federal government of Nigeria should underpin public financial management reforms, strengthen supervisory and transparency practices, improve tax administration, and fight tax evasion.

scholarly journals The Impact of Per Capita Income and Labour Absorption toward Poverty Level in Gorontalo Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelvi Oktaviani R Gobel ◽  
Sri Endang Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Absorption

This research aims to investigate the impact of per capita income and labour absorption toward poverty level in Gorontalo Province during 2012-2017. This research uses time-series data model from secondary datasets that is obtained from Central Statistics Bureau (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS). Main findings of this research shows that per capita income has negative impact on poverty level in Gorontalo province while labour absorption has positive impact on poverty level in Gorontalo Province. Keywords: Poverty; Per Capita Income; Labor Absorption

scholarly journals Dependency Ratio, Foreign Capital Inflows and the Rate of Savings in Pakistan

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4II) ◽  
pp. 843-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashfaque H. Khan ◽  
Lubna Hasan ◽  
Afla Malik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Foreign Capital Inflows ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Savings Rates

National savings are critically important to help maintain a higher level of investment which is a key determinant of economic growth. Although savings rates have fallen in many developing countries during the last two decades, Pakistan presents a unique picture of experiencing high rates of economic growth along with very low savings rates. In fact, the national savings rate of Pakistan is not only low compared to that in many countries with per capita income about the same as Pakistan's but it is even lower to that in some South Asian countries with lower per capita income. Pakistan's economic performance during the last three decades has been impressive. Real gross national product (GNP) has grown at an average rate of 6.0 percent per annum since 1960. The national savings rate, on the other hand, has fluctuated around an almost horizontal trend (15 percent) during the same period. Thus, Pakistan's saving performance and its overall economic performance appear to be incongruous. Although the low savings rates have become a major source of concern in recent years, not much attention has been devoted to highlight the key determinants of saving in Pakistan. In recent years, few studies have been done on this issue using both the time-series and cross-section data. Qureshi (1981); Abbot and DeRosa (1984) and Khan (1988) using time-series data have examined various determinants of household/national savings. Qureshi (1981) concentrated on economic determinants and found income and its rate of growth, the rate of return on financial assets and rate of inflation as key factors influencing household savings in Pakistan.

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