scholarly journals Identification of The Mating Type (MTL) Genotypes of Clinical Candida parapsilosis Complex Species isolated from Blood Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Metin ◽  
Melike Yaşar ◽  
Tuğrul Hoşbul ◽  
Aylin Döğen ◽  
Süheyla Hilmioğlu Polat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis

Objective: Candida parapsilosis is one of the most common species after Candida albicans among the causative factors of systemic candidosis. In Candida species, determination of the cell identity and the sexual reproduction process take place under the control of the mating type (MTLα) locus. This region has completely different sequences in two different mating types (a and α) and is called an idiomorph. While the MTLa idiomorph encodes the transcription factors a1 and a2, MTLα encodes α1 and α2 proteins. Apart from these genes, both idiomorphs have a or α versions of PAB, OBP, and PIK genes, whose functions in sexual reproduction are unknown. On the other hand, up to now neither Candida parapsilosis nor the closely related species Candida orthopsilosis or Candida metapsilosis has been reported to have sexual cycles. While C. orthopsilosis was found to have a mixed population structure harboring MTLa and MTLα homozygous and MTLa/MTLα heterozygous genotypes in realized studies, the majority of C. metapsilosis isolates were MTLa/MTLα heterozygotes. Nevertheless, all C. parapsilosis isolates analyzed were found to be of a single mating type (MTLa). Method: This study was aimed to determine the MTL genotypes of C. parapsilosis isolates of Turkey origin, and 167 blood isolates were used for this purpose. The isolates identified as C. parapsilosis by PCR-amplifying and sequencing the ITS region were screened for MTLa1, MTLa2, MTLα1 and MTLα2 genes. Results: Only MTLa1 and MTLa2 genes were detected in PCR; therefore, all isolates were determined to have the MTLa genotype. Conclusion: When the results are assessed with previous findings, it could be inferred that the MTLα mating type of C. parapsilosis has been lost or extremely rare in yet unanalyzed geographical regions.

scholarly journals Rapid molecular differentiation and genotypic heterogeneity among Candida parapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis strains isolated from clinical specimens in Kuwait

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asadzadeh ◽  
Suhail Ahmad ◽  
Noura Al-Sweih ◽  
Zia U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Species Specific

Recent molecular studies have led to the recognition of three distinct species within the Candida parapsilosis complex, namely Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. As currently available yeast identification systems fail to differentiate these species, there is a paucity of information on their occurrence in different geographical regions. This study describes a simple PCR-based protocol for rapid discrimination among C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis strains by using primers derived from unique sequences within the internally transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)–5.8 rRNA–ITS2 region. Retrospective analysis of 114 C. parapsilosis-complex isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Kuwait identified 109 as C. parapsilosis, five as C. orthopsilosis and none as C. metapsilosis. The results were further validated by PCR-RFLP patterns of the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase gene fragment. DNA sequencing of the ITS region and the D1/D2 regions of the 28S rRNA gene confirmed the species-specific identification of all five C. orthopsilosis strains. The amplicon length of the intergenic spacer between the 28S and 5S rRNA genes (IGS1) was also species-specific, and PCR-RFLP analyses of the IGS1 region identified two distinct genotypes among the five C. orthopsilosis strains, which corresponded with the ITS region sequence data. The three bloodstream C. orthopsilosis strains were confined to a single genotype. Among 81 randomly selected C. parapsilosis strains, two genotypes were detected by IGS1 region analyses, indicating limited genotypic heterogeneity among C. parapsilosis sensu stricto strains. As far as is known, this is the first report on the identification of C. orthopsilosis from a bloodstream infection in the Arabian Gulf region.

scholarly journals Antifungal susceptibility and virulence attributes of animal-derived isolates of Candida parapsilosis complex

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
Terezinha de Jesus Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Cordeiro Teixeira ◽  
Ramila de Brito Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis Complex ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis

This study aimed to identify strains of the Candida parapsilosis complex isolated from animals, as well as to assess their in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile and in vitro production of virulence attributes. We used 28 isolates of C. parapsilosis sensu lato recovered from clinically healthy animals. The strains were characterized phenotypically, followed by molecular identification of the species through PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. The susceptibility of the strains to amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and caspofungin was assessed through broth microdilution. Additionally, the ability of the strains to produce biofilm, phospholipases and proteases was analysed. Molecular analysis showed 13 C. parapsilosis sensu stricto, 10 Candida orthopsilosis and five Candida metapsilosis strains. In vitro resistance to fluconazole was observed in three strains of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and two C. metapsilosis. All tested strains were able to form biofilms and 23/28 isolates presented protease production, whilst none was able to produce phospholipases. Our study showed that C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis are the most common species of the C. parapsilosis species complex and that these cryptic species present no significant phenotypical differences.

scholarly journals A case series of medically managed Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghao Guo ◽  
Yuting He ◽  
Rui Fan ◽  
Zhongwen Wu ◽  
Yili Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract Background In recent years, Candida parapsilosis is recognized as a species complex and is composed of Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. Candida parapsilosis complex prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is rare and the survival rate is still low despite of optimal therapeutic strategies. In our report, it is novel to report cases as Candida parapsilosis complex PVE at species and identify Candida parapsilosis using MALDI-TOF MS. Case presentation A series of 4 cases of Candida parapsilosis complex PVE from our institution was reported. Three were infected by Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and one was infected by Candida metapsilosis. The condition of two cases got better and the other died. Conclusions More attention should be paid to Candida parapsilosis complex PVE and early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy may play a role in the treatment for Candida parapsilosis complex PVE. It is recommended to identify Candida parapsilosis complex at species level and MALDI-TOF MS as an easy, fast and efficient identification method is worth promoting in clinical microbiology

Identification of biosynthetic intermediates for the mating hormone α2 of the plant pathogen Phytophthora

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Ariyoshi ◽  
Yusuke Imazu ◽  
Ryuji Ohguri ◽  
Ryo Katsuta ◽  
Arata Yajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Synthetic Intermediates ◽  
The Cross

Abstract The heterothallic group of the plant pathogen Phytophthora can sexually reproduce between the cross-compatible mating types A1 and A2. The mating hormone α2, produced by A2 mating type and utilized to promote the sexual reproduction of the partner A1 type, is known to be biosynthesized from phytol. In this study, we identified two biosynthetic intermediates, 11- and 16-hydroxyphytols (1 and 2), for α2 by administering the synthetic intermediates to an A2 type strain to produce α2 and by administering phytol to A2 strains to detect the intermediates in the mycelia. The results suggest that α2 is biosynthesized by possibly two cytochrome P450 oxygenases via two hydroxyphytol intermediates (1 and 2) in A2 hyphae and secreted outside.

scholarly journals Prevalence, distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis bloodstream isolates

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Xavier Bonfietti ◽  
Marilena dos Anjos Martins ◽  
Maria Walderez Szeszs ◽  
Sandra Brasil Stolf Pukiskas ◽  
Sonia Ueda Purisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

scholarly journals Prevalence and Susceptibility Profile of Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis: Results from Population-Based Surveillance of Candidemia in Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1506-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gomez-Lopez ◽  
A. Alastruey-Izquierdo ◽  
D. Rodriguez ◽  
B. Almirante ◽  
A. Pahissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Candida Metapsilosis ◽  
Candida Orthopsilosis ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

ABSTRACT We describe the prevalences and susceptibility profiles of two recently described species, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis, related to Candida parapsilosis in candidemia. The prevalences of these species (1.7% for C. metapsilosis and 1.4% for C. orthopsilosis) are significant. Differences observed in their susceptibility profiles could have therapeutic importance.

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