scholarly journals La originalidad de la economía marginalista de Jeremy Bentham

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-149
Author(s):  
Estrella Trincado Aznar

In this paper, we present some Bentham’s theory features that make him precursor of marginalist economics. The author described the ideas of decreasing marginal utility and equimarginality, he made a commodity classification that distinguished between an upper and a lower class of goods depending on the proximity to use and his defi-nition of property as an expectation of possession lead him to develop an economic theory based on individual information search. At the same time, he attached special importance to the figure of the innovative entrepreneur and described the market as a discovery process in which the central agent is the entrepreneur. Key words: Bentham, marginalist economics, entrepreneur. Clasificación JEL: B12. Resumen: En este artículo, se demuestra que la teoría de Jeremy Bentham es precursora de la economía marginalista. El autor intro-dujo las ideas de utilidad marginal decreciente, la equimarginalidad en el intercambio, realizó una clasificación entre bienes superiores e inferiores y su definición de la propiedad como una expectativa de pose-sión le llevó a desarrollar una teoría económica basada en la búsqueda individual de información. Así mismo, dio especial importancia a la figura del empresario innovador y describió el mercado como un pro-ceso de descubrimiento en que el agente central es el empresario. Palabras clave: Bentham, economía marginalista, empresario.

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chungwen Hsu

This study examined how retirement planning information search was related to retirement savings of working women. By controlling for sociodemographic variables, the study further explored factors associated with individual information sources for retirement planning. An online survey was developed to collect data from a national population, obtaining 591 valid responses. The results showed that women who learned about retirement planning through discussions with friends/relatives tended to save less in their personal retirement savings, whereas those who obtained information from financial advisors tended to save more. Personal income was positively associated with seeking information from financial advisors. The study concluded by discussing the implications for financial service providers, retirement plan marketers, financial educators, researchers, and policymakers.


Author(s):  
Lino Arturo Rojas Pérez ◽  
Lino Arturo Rojas Cruz ◽  
María Daniela Villagómez Vega ◽  
Augusto Ernesto Rojas Cruz ◽  
Andrés Eduardo Rojas Cruz

Introduction: Sepsis is a pathology that occurs due to a serious infectious process that can lead to death. It is characterized by organic and biochemical changes that determine an exaggerated response of the organism to infection. This infectious process can start anywhere in the body, subsequently causing bacteremia, systemic invasion through the blood, causing failure of multiple organs, and may even lead to the death of the person. Objective: The objective of this work is to describe the management of this pathology, according to the best evidence and above all updated. Methodology: Virtual libraries and scientific information search engines have been used to find the best available and most up-to-date evidence, and to meet the proposed inclusion criteria, in this research process, evidence and recommendations with a high level and scientific support in English or Spanish were used. of the last years. Results: 36 scientific articles were evaluated, such as clinical practice guides, systematic reviews, meta-analyzes, clinical trials, among others, which describes the most current management in a protocolized way. Discussion: Sepsis as a pathology increases maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and represents the third cause of maternal death worldwide and at the national level, knowing its proper management will help improve your prognosis and recovery. Conclusion: Since the complications of sepsis can produce multi-organ failure that will compromise maternal and perinatal health, knowledge of the updated management of this pathology is essential. Keywords: sepsis, septic shock, infection. RESUMEN Introducción: La sepsis es una patología que se presenta por un proceso infeccioso grave que puede llevar a la muerte, se caracteriza por alteraciones orgánicas y bioquímicas que determinan una respuesta exagerada del organismo a la infección. Este proceso infeccioso puede iniciarse en cualquier sitio del cuerpo, provocar posteriormente bacteriemia, invasión sistémica a través de la sangre, causando falla de múltiples órganos, y pudiendo inclusive llevar al fallecimiento de la persona. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el manejo de esta patología, de acuerdo a la mejor evidencia y sobre todo actualizada. Metodología:  Se ha utilizado bibliotecas virtuales y buscadores de información científica para encontrar la mejor evidencia disponible y más actualizada, y que cumplan los criterios de inclusión propuestos, en este proceso investigativo se utilizó evidencias y recomendaciones con un alto nivel y respaldo científico en idioma inglés o español de los últimos años. Resultados: Se evaluaron 36 artículos científicos como guías de práctica clínica, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos, entre otros, que describe en forma protocolizada el manejo más actual. Discusión: La sepsis como patología aumenta la morbimortalidad materna y perinatal y representa la tercera causa de muerte materna a nivel mundial y a nivel nacional conocer su manejo adecuado ayudará a mejorar su pronóstico y su recuperación. Conclusiones: Debido que las complicaciones de la sepsis pueden producir falla multiorgánica que comprometerá la salud materna y perinatal, es fundamental el conocimiento del manejo actualizado de esta patología. Palabras clave: sepsis, choque séptico, infección.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Roberta de Jesus Muniz ◽  
Maria Hermínia Lage Fernandes Laffin ◽  
Sônia Maria Alves de Oliveira Reis

O presente artigo situa um estudo do tipo estado do conhecimento com o objetivo de mapear o que se tem produzido acerca dos sujeitos egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no Ensino Superior em diferentes plataformas de socialização dos trabalhos acadêmicos, tais como Banco de Teses e Dissertações, artigos em periódicos e anais de eventos. O levantamento apresenta elementos de natureza teórica e permite conhecer o que já foi pesquisado e publicado sobre a inserção de alunos egressos da EJA no ensino superior, nos últimos 11 anos (2008-2018), período que marca a implementação de políticas públicas de inclusão das camadas populares no âmbito do ensino superior. Nos resultados da investigação foram identificados vinte e quatro trabalhos que tratam dos egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no ensino superior, debatendo os processos, trajetórias, os sentidos e seus sentimentos nesse nível de ensino, e apontam para a importância dessas políticas públicas para o acesso e a permanência na continuidade dos estudos. Em virtude disso, a criação desses programas pode possibilitar aos discentes não somente a qualificação para o mundo de trabalho, mas, também, o prosseguimento desses estudos, sendo essa uma forma de se encontrarem, se perceberem socialmente inseridos no âmbito da sociedade, já que são vistos, muitas vezes, com olhares estereotipados. Portanto, o estudo evidencia a necessidade de estudos acerca dos sujeitos advindos das camadas populares que ingressam no ensino superior.Palavras-chave: Educação de Jovens e Adultos; Ensino Superior; Egressos da EJA.The status of knowledge about EJA graduates and their stay at the universityABSTRACTThis paper presents a state of knowledge study aimed at mapping what has been produced about the Youth and Adult Education (EJA) graduates in Higher Education in different platforms for the publication of academic works, such as the Theses and Dissertations Bank, journal papers and conference proceedings. The survey presents theoretical elements and allows knowing what has been researched and published on the insertion of EJA graduates in higher education in the last 11 years (2008-2018), a period that marks the implementation of public policies for the inclusion of the lower classes in higher education. The results of the investigation pointed to twenty-four works dealing with graduates of Youth and Adult Education in higher education debating the processes, trajectories, meanings and feelings in higher education, and also point to the importance of these public policies for the access and the permanence at school. As a result, the creation of these programs can enable students not only to qualify for jobs, but also to pursue these studies, which is a way to meet people, to perceive themselves as socially inserted in the scope of society, since they are often seen with stereotyped looks. The study also highlights the need for studies on lower-class subjects who enter higher education.Keywords: Youth and Adult Education; Higher Education; EJA graduates.El estado del conocimiento de los egresados de EJA y su permanencia en la universidadRESUMENEl presente artículo sitúa un estudio del tipo estado del conocimiento con el objetivo de mapear lo producido sobre los jutetos egresados de la Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos (EJA) en la Educación Superior en diferentes plataformas de publicación de trabajos académicos, tales como el Banco de Tesis y Disertaciones, artículos en revistas y anales de eventos. La encuesta presenta elementos de naturaleza teórica y permite conocer lo investigado y publicado sobre la inserción de los egresados de EJA en la educación superior en los últimos 11 años (2008-2018), período que marca la implementación de políticas públicas para la inclusión de las capas populares en la educación superior. Los resultados de la investigación sinalizaron para veinticuatro trabajos que tratan con egresados de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos en la educación superior debatiendo los procesos, trayectorias, significados y sentimientos en la educación superior, y apuntan para la importancia de estas políticas públicas para el acceso y la permanencia en la continuidad de los estudios. En virtud de eso, la creación de estos programas puede permitir a los estudiantes no solo la calificación para para el mundo laboral, sino también para continuar estos estudios, siendo esa una forma de encontrarse, de percibirse socialmente insertados en el ámbito de la sociedad, ya que son visto a menudo con miradas estereotipadas. Por tanto, el estudio evidencia la necesidad de estudios sobre los sujetos vindos de las capas populares que ingresan a la educación superior.  Palabras clave: Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos; Enseñanza Superior; Graduados EJA.


Author(s):  
H. Bethge

Besides the atomic surface structure, diverging in special cases with respect to the bulk structure, the real structure of a surface Is determined by the step structure. Using the decoration technique /1/ it is possible to image step structures having step heights down to a single lattice plane distance electron-microscopically. For a number of problems the knowledge of the monatomic step structures is important, because numerous problems of surface physics are directly connected with processes taking place at these steps, e.g. crystal growth or evaporation, sorption and nucleatlon as initial stage of overgrowth of thin films.To demonstrate the decoration technique by means of evaporation of heavy metals Fig. 1 from our former investigations shows the monatomic step structure of an evaporated NaCI crystal. of special Importance Is the detection of the movement of steps during the growth or evaporation of a crystal. From the velocity of a step fundamental quantities for the molecular processes can be determined, e.g. the mean free diffusion path of molecules.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Klaus Moser ◽  
Hans-Georg Wolff ◽  
Roman Soucek

Abstract. Escalation of commitment occurs when a course of action is continued despite repeated drawbacks (e.g., maintaining an employment relationship despite severe performance problems). We analyze process accountability (PA) as a de-escalation technique that helps to discontinue a failing course of action and show how time moderates both the behavioral and cognitive processes involved: (1) Because sound decisions should be based on (hopefully unbiased) information search, which requires time to gather, the effect of PA on de-escalation increases over time. (2) Because continuing information search creates behavioral commitment, the debiasing effect of PA on information search diminishes over time. (3) Consistent with the tunnel vision notion, the effects of less biased information search on de-escalation decrease over time.


PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (30) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Nisbett
Keyword(s):  

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