scholarly journals The donor properties of resources resistance against the exciter of wheat rust wheat

10.5219/1427 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 821-827
Author(s):  
Hanna Kovalyshyna ◽  
Yuliia Dmytrenko ◽  
Oleksandr Makarchuk ◽  
Natalia Slobodyanyuk ◽  
Mikhailo Mushtruk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Rust

A collection of soft winter wheat specimens investigated on the artificial infectious background of the leaf rust pathogen and selected resistance among them. The genetics of resistance sign in varieties and specimens were determined by hybridological analysis of F2: Lovrin 32, KM 1485-6-8, VR 89 Bo 22, Beres, Tobarzo, 0-74-8-2, MIKM 1851-80, 4347-4, NS 326-99, 5517 A-5-5 Yr, Florida 302, VR 87 Bo 15, Matyo, NS 1308, 200-830, Polka, NS 2630/1, NS 18-30, HBE 0140-119, HBE 208-120, HBE 0303 156, HBE 0425-156, Tx91v4511, Tx92v4511, Plyska, Zernogradskaya 31, Volshebnitsa, Myronivska 40, Myronivska ostysta, Myronivska 28, Estet, Volynska napivintensivna, Kyivska 8, Expromt, Mironivska 29, Remeslivna, Garant, Selyanka, Erythrospermum 15761, Erythrospermum 12557, Erythrospermum 12735, Vympel odeskyiy during 1990–2018. The gene non-identity of the investigated donors was determined. In a variety of VR 89 Bo 22, 2 resistance genes, one of them Lr19, was investigated. The results of investigations of the composition of the leaf rust pathogen population by a series of isogenic lines and varieties of carriers of known effective resistance genes are presented. The high resistance against the leaf rust pathogen in the forest-steppe of Ukraine provide the genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr37, Lr42 + Lr24, Lr43 (Lr21 + Lr39) + Lr24, Lr9 + Lr26, Lr10 + Lr24.

SCREENING OF WHEAT LR-GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA TRITICINA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
O. A. Kudinova ◽  
O. F. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Rust

Currently, more than 70 wheat rust resistance genes are known, but few of them are effective. The purpose of this work is to screen lines of Lr gene carriers for resistance to leaf rust under conditions of the North Caucasus region. Investigations were carried out in 2016-2018 at the infectious site of VNIIBZR. Research material was 49 near isogenic lines of winter wheat cultivar Thatcher. Infectious material was the combined populations of P. triticina, obtained as a result of route surveys of industrial and breeding crops of winter wheat in the areas of the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories and the Rostov Region, conducted in 2016-2018. According to the assessment, the genes are ranked as follows: - highly efficient genes (plants with no signs of damage): Lr9, Lr42, Lr43 + 24 and Lr50; effective (1R-5R) Lr genes: 19, 24, 29, 36, 37, 38, 45, 47; moderately effective (10MR-20MR) Lr genes: 17, 18, 21, 22a, 28, 32, 41, 52. The remaining Lr-lines were susceptible to P. triticina (25 MR - 90S) to varying degrees. Highly efficient and effective genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, Lr38, Lr42, Lr43 + 24, Lr47 and Lr50 showed resistance in the seedling phase and can be recommended for inclusion in breeding programs to protect wheat from leaf rust in different phases of plant ontogenesis in the North Caucasus region.

scholarly journals Weather Factors and Their Influence on the Adaptive Properties of Winter Wheat Varieties in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Maria Zapisotska ◽  
Olexandra Voloshchuk ◽  
Ihor Voloshchuk ◽  
Valentyna Hlyva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The yield potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is formed in changing weather conditions and depends on the proposed agro-technological measures, to which the response of a particular variety is different. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of weather factors on the field germination of soft winter wheat seeds, the growth and development of plants in the autumn and wintering in the zone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, by sowing high-quality basic seed, careful soil preparation and the presence of optimum environmental factors. A sufficient level of productive soil moisture, which protects young shoots from possible deficiency after germination and is a long-term source of moisture at the next stages of organogenesis, has a great influence on obtaining friendly and timely shoots. Often overwintering conditions, when plants suffer from low negative temperatures at the beginning and at the end of the winter period, ground ice crust, resumption of vegetation in winter are the causes of freezing, loss, and ultimately a decrease in yield and seed quality. It has been confirmed that an increase in the temperature regime in 244-247°C in the autumn-winter period and the optimal amount of precipitation contribute to sufficient (31.6-34.6 mm) productive soil moisture (0-20 cm), which positively influences the process of germination of soft winter wheat, provides a high percentage of field germination of seeds of varieties (93.8-94.5%), lengthens the autumn development of plants by 3-12 days, which causes 3.5-5.7% higher accumulation of sugar content in the tillering nodes and a high percentage of overwintering (up to 95.5-96.4%). Varieties of the forest-steppe ecological type of soft winter wheat have insignificant phenotypic variability of adaptive traits, therefore, in the production of grain and seed products, it is recommended to give preference to the plant varieties listed in the Register, suitable for distribution in Ukraine for the Forest-Steppe zone, Polissya. The recommendations set out in this scientific work will help agricultural producers of the studied soil and climatic zone to carry out an effective, more ecologically plastic, highly productive variety replacement

scholarly journals Source material for breeding soft winter wheat in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00189
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zakharova ◽  
Nikolai Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

The source material is the initial link of the selection process of any crop. A careful study of it in specific environmental conditions largely determines the effectiveness of breeding activities. The paper presents the results of a study of 102 cultivars of soft winter wheat of various ecological and geographical origin in terms of the yield, winter hardiness, the plant height, the duration of the growing season, the resistance to the frit fly. The sources of individual and a complex of economically valuable indicators were identified and recommended as the source material for breeding use in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region. In the winter wheat selection for high winter hardiness, the varieties Omskaya 6, Bagrationovskaya, Novosibirskaya 32, Novosibirskaya 51, Biyskaya Ozimaya, Filatovka, Kulundinka, Poema (Russia), Banga (Latvia), Emoile (Bulgaria), Myropol, Mykolayvka, Dashenka, Kalyanova, Lytavinka, Vinnychanka, Manzheliya, Khersonska bezostaya (Ukraine), Xiao Yan 107, Zhong Pin 1535 (China) are of great interest. Highly productive varieties are Victoria 95, Poema, Biyskaya Ozimaya (Russia), Zamozhnist, Kalyanova, Yasnogorka (Ukraine). Varieties Vdachna, Shestopalivka, Myropol (Ukraine), Svilena, Emoile (Bulgaria), KS 96 WGRC 37, KS 96 WGRC 40, Pacer (USA), Kitami 46 (Japan) XiaoYan 6, Ji Mai 30, Ji Mai 36 (China) are characterized by early ripeness. Short-stalked wheat varieties are Cameo (Russia), Ninka (Ukraine), Ji Mai 18 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Highly resistant varieties to the frit fly are Donskaya 50, Dominanta, Poema (Russia), Yasnogorka (Ukraine), Orienta, KS 96 WGRC34, KS 96 WGRC40 (USA), Xiao Yan 7, Zhong Pin 1507, Zhong Pin 1535 (China), Kitami 35 (Japan). Reliable correlations between winter hardiness and productivity, winter hardiness and plant height, plant height and productivity of soft winter wheat were established, which is of practical importance both for crop breeding and for its production use.

scholarly journals Influence of technological methods of growing on the anatomy-morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat in conditions of the right-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine

1970 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
V.A. Mazur ◽  
H.V. Pantsyreva ◽  
Y.M. Kopytchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Study of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat hybrids depending on fertilization backgrounds and seeding rates in agrocenoses of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe natural zone of Ukraine. Methods. Observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, forecast, field experiment. Results. The study of the dynamics of formation and functioning of the anatomical and morphological structure of the stem of winter wheat plants was carried out. The influence of the background without fertilizers and against the background of their increased level of application on the length of internodes (1-3) of stems in winter wheat agrocenoses was studied. It has been proven that seeding rates significantly influenced the length of the internodes. The influence of the background of mineral nutrition and seeding rates on the main anatomical and morphological parameters of winter wheat stems, in particular, the thickness of the stem and ring of mechanical tissue, the number and diameter of vascular-fibrous bundles was studied. It was found that the strength of the straw is largely determined by the number of vascular-fibrous bundles, as well as their diameter. It was the biggest on the variants with the increased fertilization background. It is noted that anatomical and morphological studies are needed in order to ensure the development of a more durable straw, which determines high resistance to lodging at a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was found that the soil and climatic conditions of the years of the study and the factors that were studied have a direct influence on the anatomical and morphological parameters of wheet. At the same time, the best conditions for the maximum realization of the potential of the Patros hybrid of winter wheat plants were created in the experimental variants with a seeding rate of 3 and 1.5 million seeds/ha, ensuring the development of a more durable straw, which led to a high resistance to lodging.

scholarly journals SOFT WINTER WHEAT VARIETY YUVIVATA 60 AS A PERSPECTIVE FOR GRAIN PRODUCTION AND SELECTION FOR ADAPTABILITY AND SUSCEPTABILITY TO PHOTOPERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 97-132
Author(s):  
T.Z. MOSKALETS ◽  
V.V. MOSKALETS ◽  
V.I. MOSKALETS ◽  
N.M. BUNIAK ◽  
YU.M. BARAT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Capacity ◽  
Yellow Stripe

Soft winter wheat variety Yuvivata 60 has been characterized according to its economically valuable indices. Its morphological features and biological characteristics have been described. The uniqueness of the Yuvivata 60 genotype has been determined. It is related to a number of ontogenetical peculiarities, ecological and adaptive mechanisms: high ecological plasticity of plants due to genetical heterogeneity that proves inhomogeneity of phenetic markers – spectres of proteins-gliadins, high crop capacity of grain (with the potential of 10 tonnes/hectare) due to high reproductive ability, viz.: multifloweredness (up to 60 flowers in an ear), multispiculateness (up to 23) and ear grain content (96%); high quality of grain (with the amount of protein up to 16%, gluten up to 34%); forming a strong root system (prolonged coleoptile – up to 6 cm, deep and branched bedding of primary and secondary radicles in spring with optimal sowing terms between 25–30 September); medium photoperiod susceptibility and highly active renewal of spring bunch-formation (the variety of prolonged daylight hours); synchronic development of spring shoots (low percentage of aftersprings, earless stems); high photosynthetic productivity of crops (7 g/m2/day conditioned by continuous functioning of the leaf apparatus of the first and second layers, awns and ear); resistance to lodging side by side with medium-growth and high crop capacity of the grain due to a strong and incrassate stem; high resistance to sprouting within the ear (caused by a long latent period); resistance to pests and pathogenic agents of fungus infections, viz. septoriose, yellow stripe rust and various kinds of brand (8–9 points), medium resistance to leaf and stem rust, as well as oidium (5–7 points); high resistance to anomalies of climatope in the autumn-winter and spring-summer periods (drought resistance 8–9 points, winter and frost resistance above average – 7 points). Keywords soft winter wheat, high crop capacity, agricultural and ecological peculiarities, economically valuable characteristics, donor of determining insusceptibility to photoperiod.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal All-Stage Rust Resistance Loci in Elite Durum Wheat Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriem Aoun ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
James A. Kolmer ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Elias M. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), and stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) are major diseases to wheat production globally. Host resistance is the most suitable approach to manage these fungal pathogens. We investigated the phenotypic and genotypic structure of resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, and stripe rust pathogen races at the seedling stage in a collection of advanced durum wheat breeding lines and cultivars adapted to Upper Mid-West region of the United States. Phenotypic evaluation showed that the majority of the durum wheat genotypes were susceptible to Pt isolates adapted to durum wheat, whereas all the genotypes were resistant to common wheat type-Pt isolate. The majority of genotypes were resistant to stripe rust and stem rust pathogen races. The durum panel genotyped using Illumina iSelect 90 K wheat SNP assay was used for genome-wide association mapping (GWAS). The GWAS revealed 64 marker-trait associations (MTAs) representing six leaf rust resistance loci located on chromosome arms 2AS, 2AL, 5BS, 6AL, and 6BL. Two of these loci were identified at the positions of Lr52 and Lr64 genes, whereas the remaining loci are most likely novel. A total of 46 MTAs corresponding to four loci located on chromosome arms 1BS, 5BL, and 7BL were associated with stripe rust response. None of these loci correspond to designated stripe rust resistance genes. For stem rust, a total of 260 MTAs, representing 22 loci were identified on chromosome arms 1BL, 2BL, 3AL, 3BL, 4AL, 5AL, 5BL, 6AS, 6AL, 6BL, and 7BL. Four of these loci were located at the positions of known genes/alleles (Sr7b, Sr8155B1, Sr13a, and Sr13b). The discovery of known and novel rust resistance genes and their linked SNPs will help diversify rust resistance in durum wheat.

scholarly journals Resistance of Spring Barley Varieties to Powdery Mildew in theCzechRepublicin 1971–2000

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dreiseitl ◽  
P. Pařízek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Major Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Score

Resistance to powdery mildew of 127 spring barley varieties was evaluated in 702 official variety trials, using scores from 1 to 9. Trials with sufficient disease severity were only analysed. Varieties possessing the resistance genes Mla7 (Elgina), Ml(Kr) (BR-1519), Mla13 (Koral) and mlo (Forum) were among the most resistant ones. The varieties Diamant, HE-3527, HE-3631, II/61-FUDII and Zefir showed high susceptibility. Fifteen varieties, carrying the genes Mla1, Mla3, Mla6, Mla9, Mla13, Ml(Kr) and Ml(Sc), were in the first years of testing highly resistant, but became susceptible later. The score of the most resistant variety ranged each year from 8.05 to 9.00, only in 1987–1991 it was lower. Since the pathogen population rapidly adapted to most resistance genes in the mid eighties, no resistant variety was found in 1987–1989. From 1986 to 1995 on average only 6.6% of the tested varieties were resistant, but there was no variety with resistance score above 8.50. High resistance was typical for varieties possessing an effective major resistance gene. Since the resistance of such varieties was not durable, we recommend breeding of varieties with at least two fully effective resistance genes, using molecular markers.  

scholarly journals The defeat of wheat varieties by the pathogen Tilletia caries (DC) Tul.

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
L. Holosna
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Tilletia Caries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Resistance Score

Goal. To determine the degree of resistance of collection samples of winter wheat to the pathogen of the common bunt Tilletia caries in the conditions of the Right forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research Methods. Field. The studies were conducted on the sites of the experimental farm «Glevakha» Vasilkovsky district of Kiev region in 2015—2017. The infectious background of the pathogen of solid bunt was created according to the method of Krivchenko V.I. Sustainability was assessed by counting the number of healthy and diseased ears. The results were differentiated in points on a 9-point scale. Results. Against an artificial infectious background of the pathogen of hard bunt, the stability of 115 winter wheat cultivars was evaluated. The collection was obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of the Institute of Plant Production and included varietal samples from 15 countries: Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Romania, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Iran, Georgia, Hungary, Bulgaria and the USA. Among the varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection, highly resistant (score 9—8) to the causative agent of bunt was not found, resistance (score 7—6) was shown by the varieties Niva and Syaivo (Ukraine). Varieties of foreign selection that showed high resistance (score 9—8) — Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57 (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD and Miranda (Romania), resistant (score 7—6) were — Course (Russia), Noroc (Romania) and MV-Toldi (Hungary). Conclusions. Varieties of winter wheat Niva, Syaivo, Hvulya, Veteran, L 59, Schedrost and Pobeda of Ukrainian selection, Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57, Course (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD, Miranda, Noroc (Romania ), MV-Toldi (Hungary) in the years of research showed a high resistance to the causative agent of bunt T. caries on an artificial infectious background. All of them can be used in the selection of new productive, disease-resistant varieties.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Indices in the Study of Virulence Diversity Between and Within Populations of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici in Israel

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Manisterski ◽  
Z. Eyal ◽  
P. Ben-Yehuda ◽  
E. Kosman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Virulence Diversity

Isolates of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici (n = 260) obtained from bread, durum, and wild emmer wheat leaf collections throughout Israel during 1993 to 1997 were analyzed for virulence on a set of wheat differentials. The overall frequency of virulence increased on differentials possessing resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr3, and Lr26 and decreased on Lr17, Lr21, and Lr30. Genes Lr9 and Lr24 were resistant, while Lr18 was susceptible (98% in 1996) to all tested leaf rust isolates and Lr10 and Lr23 were susceptible to more than 78% of the isolates. Diversity between populations (years) was assessed using Kosman's HKB (based on degrees of similarity among distinct phenotypes) and HKDis (based on frequencies of individual virulences) and Nei's and Rogers' distances. The greatest difference occurred between the 1993 and 1994 populations. Phenotypic diversity within each population (year) was analyzed using the Shannon's, Simpson's, and Kosman's indices. The highest diversity within years was recorded in 1994 and significantly increased from 1993 to 1994 for all indices. The variance in the diversity between populations can be only partially explained by differences between corresponding diversities within population. The comparative analysis of diversity between and within populations over the 5 years enabled a detailed study of changes in the pathogen population. The results show that the different measures do not yield the same rank order of diversity.

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