scholarly journals The evaluation of extraction of some nut oils using screw pressing

10.5219/1379 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 847-853
Author(s):  
Vladimí­r Mašán ◽  
Lukáš Vaštík ◽  
Patrik Burg ◽  
Radek Sotolář ◽  
Miroslav Macák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Screw Pressing ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Increasing Demand

Today's consumers prefer low-sugar, low-calorie, natural, and so-called safe products. These trends are also reflected in nuts products and groceries. Globally, the European Union is the largest importing market of edible nuts. Considering the increasing demand for new sources of food, the importance becomes the efficiency of production. This study evaluates the influence of rotation speed in the extraction of almond nut, walnut, hazelnut, cashew nut, and peanut oils using screw pressing. In tested samples, the oil content was on average between 69.14 ±0.79% (walnut) and 46.7 ±1.45% (peanut). From the pressing of oils, it is seen that the oil yield decreased when pressing speed increased (from 30 rpm to 90 rpm, for example in walnut from 0.36 kg to 0.16 kg.h-1) and that the oil sediment yield increased when speed increased (for example in hazelnut nut from 8.51% to 17.37%). The highest amount of oil yields had hazelnut with 3.03 ±0.05 kg.h-1, then walnut with 2.05 ±0.02 kg.h-1, almond nut with 2.34 ±0.05 kg.h-1, peanut with 2.15 ±0.01 kg.h-1, and finally cashew nut with 2.07 ±0.03 kg.h-1.

scholarly journals Why pledges alone will not get plastics recycled – Comparing recyclate production and anticipated demand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kahlert ◽  
Catharina Bening
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
European Union ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Scientific analysis and media coverage of rampant plastic pollution has taken a toll on the material’s reputation in recent years, fueling talk of a “plastic crisis.” Brand owners have made ambitious pledges to overcome this crisis—but can voluntary commitments turn the tide? In this paper, we analyze the current flow of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from production to recycling in the European Union (EU). We show that the pledged volume for recycled PET to be used in the EU in 2025 amounts to 2.066m tons, requiring the annual recycling growth rate to double in the next years compared to 2014–2018. Our results indicate that even widespread adoption of deposit return systems for bottles will not suffice, especially when increasing demand from other industries drives the price above the packaging producers’ willingness to pay. To realize the pledges, substantial investments and a regulatory framework for the targeted and sensible use of PET recyclate are necessary.

Economization of Expert Knowledge about Gender Equality in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Elomäki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Gender Equality Policy ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The article analyzes (i) how the increasing demand for empirical evidence about the economic impacts of gender equality transforms expert knowledge about gender equality in the European Union (EU) and (ii) the implications of these transformations. The article argues that the much-debated discursive economization of gender equality in the EU context is underpinned by the economization of expert knowledge about gender equality—the increasing reliance on mainstream economics to support gender equality claims. This has increased the influence of gender-biased economics knowledge and its modes of knowledge production in EU gender equality policy.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic study of NOx and SO2 formation and possible reduction during Pb waste recycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Silvia Demčáková ◽  
Hedviga Horváthová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
European Union Member States

With the increasing demand for electricity due to the increasing economic boom, there is an excessive production of emissions that natural processes cannot cope with. Fortunately, there are various technological solutions for capturing harmful substances from produced emissions. However, the European Union aims to prevent the formation of emissions in the process of industrial production itself. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to reconcile the interests of individual European Union member states by the implementation of regulations into laws, to monitor short-term and long-term changes in air quality, and also to put into practice increasingly effective methods of capturing emissions from the air. This paper offers an example of thermodynamic calculation of quantities by appropriate software in the process of recycling waste from the metallurgical industry and possibilities of technological improvement in emission reduction.

Veränderte Anforderungen an eine europäische Standardisierungspolitik in der Telekommunikation

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Fredebeul-Krein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Single Market ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Telecommunication Sector ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe article raises the question of whether the European Union should intervene in the standardization process of the telecommunication sector. By analyzing the standardization activities of the EU which have been undertaken so far, it is shown that they have been an important contribution to the creation of a single market in telecommunications. However, they are also increasingly used as an instrument for industrial policy. In the future the need for an interventionist role of the EU in the standardization process will decrease. This is due to rapid technological innovations and increasing demand for user-specific applications.

The Politics of the European Union

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Lelieveldt ◽  
Sebastiaan Princen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union
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